2012 zev amendments benefits of small battery phevs – toyota january 2012
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2012 ZEV Amendments
Benefits of Small Battery PHEVs – Toyota
January 2012
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ RAV4-EV ]
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ RAV4-EV ]
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)[ Prius PHEV ]
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)[ Prius PHEV ]
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ FT-EV ]
Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ FT-EV ]
FCV-R (FCV-R (December 2011Tokyo Motor Show)
FCV-R (FCV-R (December 2011Tokyo Motor Show)
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)[ Prius ]
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)[ Prius ]
Toyota’s Advanced Technology Portfolio
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Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments
Cumulative % of Daily Travel Distance
Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov
Cumulative % of Daily Energy Use15 mile PHEV
35 mile PHEV
73 mile BEV
Total Sample Size: 81,096 Vehicles(Vehicle Type 1 - Automobile/Car/Station Wagon)
Daily Travel Distance in the US
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Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile IncrementsData Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov
Percentage of Reports
Percent of Drivers vs. Daily Travel Distance
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Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments
Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov
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Baseline Consumption vs. Daily Travel Distance
Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments
6Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov
Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments
61% Savings From EV
No Fuel Savings From HV
61% Savings Total
EV Data AssumedElectric Range (mi) 73Gas-mode Fuel Economy (mpg) NA
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EV Analysis
7Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov
Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments
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Electric Range (mi) 35Gas-mode Fuel Economy (mpg) 37
62% Savings From EV
8% Savings From HV
70% Savings Total
35 Mile PHEV Analysis
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Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov
Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments
PHEV Data AssumedElectric Range (mi) 15Gas-mode Fuel Economy (mpg) 49
36% Savings From EV
26% Savings From HV
62% Savings Total
15 Mile PHEV Analysis
73 mile EV
35 mile PHEV
15 mile PHEV Comment
1. Coverage of Daily Travel
Distance
For an EV, 2nd vehicle needed for travel > EV range, or widespread fast charging infrastructure
2. Gasoline Saved
(100% of Gasoline used on all DTDs up to 600
miles)
15 mile PHEV can potentially save significant percentages of gasoline, similar to EVs and 35 mile PHEVs.
3. Relative Battery Cost
Incentives reduce customer costs, but not total cost; Offset ratio varies by battery size
100%
100%
36%
36%
62%
5.5x
1x
3.6x
68%
62%
70%
HV
Conclusions
90%
61%
Benefits of Small Battery PHEVs
• PHEVs can offer significant fuel savings (and vehicle GHG reductions), since they can be used for all daily driving without the need for a second vehicle for longer drive distances.
• Shorter range hybrid technology with efficient blended architecture can exhibit similar gasoline savings as more expensive large battery Plug-in Electric vehicles (EV and PHEV)
• Smaller batteries are more fully utilized and thus the amount of EV-driving per unit of capacity(cost) is higher than for larger batteries.