ADVOCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLEPINE TAPPING PRACTICE

1. SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTION COST.

2. WHAT’S NEW IN 2014.

3. AND HOW ABOUT GLOBAL PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF GUM ROSIN.

What is sustainability?

Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment.

Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.

http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/basicinfo.htm

Let’s talk then about productive harmony...

Profitable business for all stakeholders.

Workers receiving a fair pay for their job.

The cost of replanting the forest includedwithin the production cost.

NORTH MODEL• Natural forest, slow growing, between 200 to 500 trees per hectare (~ 150 trees per acre).• “Pine Tapper” = a worker producing pine oleoresin by his/her own. • Sales price of pine oleoresin to the gum rosin plant highly dependant of labor cost.

Pine trees are natural fromthe Northern Hemisphere.

SOUTH MODEL• Planted forest, selected seedlings, fast growing, between 800 to 1.100 trees per hectare (~

400 trees per acre).• Pine Tapping Co., workers trained and with a production based salary complaying with local

laws.

Pine trees are planted in the Southern Hemisphere.

FORESTTYPE

FORESTTREES/HEC

TAPPINGSEASON

(MONTH)

FACES (*)/ WORKER

PINE RESIN YIELD

KG / FACE YEAR

LABORHOUR RATE

(USD/HR)

BRAZIL PLANTED 1.100 10 7.000 / 10.000 3,8 4,52

ARGENTINA PLANTED 1.100 8 4.000 4,0 3,34

SPAIN NATURALMANAGED

200 8 5.500 3,3 10,34

CHINA NATURAL 200 / 400 6 1.500 / 2.000 2,0 3,70

Alex CUNNINGHAM – alexcunn@gmail.com – 20/JULY/2014

Notes:(*) Face = one bag installed on a pine tree.

(**) Considering only one face per pine tree.(***) Face covers more than 60% of the circunference of the pine tree.

GLOBAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION PARAMENTES

ANNUALPINE

OLEORESINYIELD

(TON/HEC)

1 WORKERCAPABLE OFWORKING x

HEC.

DIRECT LABORCOST

(USD/TON)

BRAZIL 4,1 7,73 291 VERY GOOD FOREST RESORCEvs. SCARCE LABOUR WORKFORCE.

ARGENTINA 4,4 3,64 435 GOOD FOREST RESOURCE AND REASONABLE LABOUR WORKFORCE.

SPAIN 0,7 27,50 1.185 EXTREMLY SLOW GROWING FOREST AND EXPENSIVE LABOUR WORKFORCE.

CHINA 0,6 5,83 2.196 SLOW GROWING FOREST AND VERY EXPENSIVE LABOURWORKFORCE.

Alex CUNNINGHAM – alexcunn@gmail.com – 20/JULY/2014

GLOBAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION PARAMENTES

ADVOCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLEPINE TAPPING PRACTICE

1. SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTION COST.

2. WHAT’S NEW IN 2014.

3. AND HOW ABOUT GLOBAL PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF GUM ROSIN.

Resin yield in Pinus pinaster is related to tree dendrometry, stand density and tapping-induced systemic changes in xylem anatomy

Aida Rodríguez-García, Rosana López, Juan Antonio Martín, Felix Pinillos, Luis Gil.

Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitarias/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Forestry Services and Promotion Centre of Castilla y León (CESEFOR), Polígono Industrial ‘‘Las Casas’’, CalleC, Parcela 4, 42005 Soria, Spain

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.038

Seasonality and chemical elicitation of defense oleoresin production in field-grown slash pine under subtropical climate.

Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa, Arthur Germano Fett-Neto

Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 25(1): 56-61, 2013

ADVOCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLEPINE TAPPING PRACTICE

1. SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTION COST.

2. WHAT’S NEW IN 2014.

3. AND HOW ABOUT GLOBAL PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF GUM ROSIN.

Province 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Guangxi (GX) 170 200 246 260 270 280 300 260 180 160 160 210 190 140

Yunnan (YN) 41 44 53 65 70 75 112 90 100 146 168 230 180 140

Jiangxi (JX) 24 25 27 30 40 72 85 100 37 50 57 75 84 76

Guangdong (GD) 125 130 126 140 145 155 164 165 95 80 83 101 100 56

Fujian (FJ) 47 46 38 35 45 52 55 55 39 32 49 62 54 33

Hubei (HU) 8 8 12 15 15 15 20 30 36 50 30 25 28 20

Henan (HE) 5 5 10 12 12 12 18 14

Anhui (AH)

23 25 34 42 42 42 63 89 58 3940 57

43 29

Guizhou (GZ)

Hunan (HU)

Sichuan (SC)

Hainan (HA)

Shanxi (SX)

Chongqing (CQ)

Zhejiang (ZJ)

TOTAL 439 480 536 588 628 692 804 794 555 569 599 772 697 5089,5% 11,5% 9,7% 6,8% 10,2% 19,6% -1,2% -30,0% 2,4% 15,4% 17,5% -9,7% -27,2%

CHINESE GUM ROSIN PRODUCTION BY PROVINCE

Sources: • AR Eldorado (2011) & (2012)• Song Lifeng, Nanjing (Novembro 2009) & Eric Wang, 2014.• Zhao Mingui (2011).• ROSINNET (2010).

[THOUSAND OF MT / YEAR]

Alex CUNNINGHAM alexcunn@gmail.com

5 AUGUST 2014

THANK YOU!