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2015 IOT Individual officiating techniques

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MECHANICS

There is one game, two/three referees,

but still only one officiating team.

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1. Terminology

2. Tool for Decision Making

3.  Individual Techniques

4. Clock & Foul Management

INDEX

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TERMINOLOGY 1

IOT Individual Officiating Techniques

Obvious play (OP) Play that has to be covered correct in all cases (no excuses)

Primary coverage (PC)

Area of responsibility and actions that referee has to be able to cover always

Dual Coverage (DC)

Area of responsibility and actions that two referees have overlapping primaries on same area or play.

Secondary coverage (SC)

Area of responsibility and actions that referee is able to cover after ensuring that primary coverage is covered

Extended coverage (EC)

At the highest level of officiating, an official has to be able to extend coverage on two different play situations at the same time

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TERMINOLOGY 2

Giving help (GH)

Referee who offers assistance outside his/her primary and makes correct call after allowing partner to make the call in his/her primary

Regular call (RC) Considered to be normal call by designated referee (no assistance)

Referee the defence (RD)

The priority when refereeing on ball is to focus the attention on the legality of the defensive player while keeping the offensive player with the ball in your field of vision

Open angle (OA)

Clear view of the action in a referee’s primary / secondary coverage area. Never leave an open look.

Closed angle (CA)

A stacked or straight-lined view of the action area in a referee’s primary / secondary coverage area.

Cross Step (CS)

When play starts to progress in one direction and designated referee takes steps to opposite direction.

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TERMINOLOGY 3

RSBQ Definition for Rhythm, Speed, Balance & Quickness.

Working area (WA)

Area where referee normally operates most of his time in that position.

Action area (AA)

Action area may involve players with or without ball. Knowledge on various play situations (pick & roll, post-ups, rebounding) will help referees identify action areas in their primary.

EOP End of the Period

EOG End of the Game

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Analytical decision making

or Emotional decision

DECISION MAKING TOOL

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•  Analytical decision making vs. Emotional decision

•  Raise standard of quality decisions

•  Raise standard of quick quality decisions

DECISION MAKING TOOL

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DECISION MAKING PROCESS FOR REFEREES

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DECISION MAKING PROCESS

Natural decision “We simply decide

without thinking much about the

decision process."

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FLIPISM

Flipism, sometimes written as "Flippism," is a pseudophilosophy under which all decisions are made by flipping a coin. An actual coin is not necessary: dice or another random generator may be used for decision making. Flipism can be seen as a normative decision theory, although it does not fulfill the criteria of rationality.

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DECISION MAKING PROCESS

When a movement is repeated over time, a long-term muscle memory is created for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed without conscious effort. This process decreases the need for attention and creates maximum effectiveness within the motor and memory systems

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• Make sure your voice is clear and sharp, but not aggressive.

•  Know what you are talking about, do not explain too much

•  Practice key words and how to start and use them.

VERBAL CONTROL

15 2011 Referees Summer Camp – Istanbul, June 2011

IMAGE OF BASKETBALL REFEREE

Strong

Decisive

Approachable

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•  Standard = always the same = boring = grey

•  Standard = according to the expectations (Customer satisfaction) but could be still “colorful” and distinctive.

•  Standard, but still able to react to changes during the game.

•  We are looking for Referees with Character as well as an absolutely professional approach at the same time.

CHARACTER & STANDARD

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COURT PRESENCE & DECISION

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Start of the Play

Middle of the Play

End of the Play

DECISION MAKING TOOL

Collecting Information & Analysing

Active

Mindset

Mental

Image

Training

Legal

Illegal

De

cisio

n

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DECISION MAKING TOOL

No snap shots! See the entire film!

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DECISION MAKING TOOL

Active Mind-set Self-Talking

Look for reasons to call

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DECISION MAKING TOOL

Engaged with Mechanics or Play?

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DECISION MAKING TOOL

Priority: Primary Coverage on Obvious Plays

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Fantasy Call

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Individual  techiques  

Crew  coopera5on    

Game  coverage  

INDIVIDUAL - CREW - GAME

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1.  Distance & Stationary 2.  Stay with the play 3.  Effective positioning (open angle) 4.  Adjusting positioning (maintaining open angle) 5.  Referee defence 6.  Know what to look at

•  active mindset •  mental image training •  visualizing

7.  Understand what you see (know the game, anticipate plays) 8.  Throw-in administration (general & frontcourt endline)

INDIVIDUAL TECHNIQUES

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8.  Making a call & communication •  blowing the whistle •  verbal •  signals

9.  Reporting to the table (signals & verbal) 10. Jump ball (tossing the ball) 11. Time-Outs 12. Game Clock & Shot Clock 13. Time & Foul Management

INDIVIDUAL TECHNIQUES

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DISTANCE

ü When refereeing the play, maintain an appropriate distance from the play

ü If you are too close to the play, you lose perspective and it looks too fast

ü If you are too close to the play, the possibility of an “emotional call” or reaction increases

ü See the big picture

DISTANCE & STATIONARY

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STATIONARY

ü When making judgment – be stationary – eyes bounce and concentration decreases when your feet move

ü Correct decision likely when you are stationary as focus and concentration increase

ü But you must move to be in the right position.

ü Move, Stop, Observe and Decide.

DISTANCE & STATIONARY

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DISTANCE C

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STATIONARY & UNTIL END OF ACTION

Stay with the play until end of action. ü  Mentally - do not stop officiating ü  Physically, do not ” fade away” and release the play

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POSITION(S)

ü  On ball primary Able to see defensive player (refereeing

defence)

ü  Off ball primary Able to see the play in primary area without

ball

ü  On ball extended

Able to see any other play in progress

outside primary (possible next play, open

angle)

ü  Off ball extended Able to see as many players as possible

outside primary (not focusing all of them)

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ADJUSTMENTS

ü Move to maintain open angle – Anticipate where need to be - Adjust to the play (steps here, steps there)

ü Move with a purpose – go where you need to be to referee the play (different than Working Area)

ü If initial position is correct – less need to move – different than being STATIC

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OPEN ANGLE & 45°

Edge of the play

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KNOW & UNDERSTAND THE GAME

KNOW WHAT TO LOOK AT ü Study and visualize the possible outcomes of various play

situations

ü Scout the players in order to be in correct position (right/left handed, shooter…)

ü Know what to expect, identify the second motion to come

ü Stay with play in your primary until the end of action (do not release the play too soon)

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KNOW & UNDERSTAND THE GAME

UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU SEE ü Know the game understand the

impact of action

ü Expect next movement, anticipate contact and identify a foul. Don’t anticipate a foul.

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THROW-IN

1.  Designate a throw-in spot 2.  Use preventative officiating

eg. “on the spot”, “stay” or “don’t move” 3.  Maintain distance from the play 4.  Put whistle in mouth while holding ball 5.  Bounce ball to the player 6.  Start visual count 7.  Observe throw-in and action

surrounding 8.  This needs to be a automatic

procedure (muscle memory action)

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Warning whistle

When a throw-in is taken on the endline in the

frontcourt, an active official will blow the whistle

before placing the ball at the player’s disposal for the

throw-in.

THROW-IN / WARNING WHISTLE

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THROW-IN / WARNING WHISTLE

1. Designate the throw-in spot

2. Ensure thrower-in is at the right spot

3.  Blow the whistle before placing the ball at the player’s disposal

for the throw-in.

4. Bounce/Handle the ball to the player for throw-in

5. Valid only on the endline of the front court.

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Making a call

1.  Technique how to blow the whistle 2.  Readiness to communicate verbally 3.  Rhythm 4.  Use both hands for direction of play to stay open to court 5.  Same treatment in every play 6.  Less is more

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COURT PRESENCE & DECISION

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REPORTINg TO THE TABLE

1.  Use official and authorized FIBA signals

2.  Rhythm (start & stop) 3.  Strong, Sharp, Visible and Decisive 4.  Use both hands for direction

of play to stay open to court 5.  Same treatment in every play 6.  Reporting foul: RUN, stop, two feet

on the floor, breathe (body balance)

7.  Nature of the foul must be the same as what really happened in the play

42 One clenched fist

Signals / stop clock for foul

43 Form T, show index finger

Signals / charged time-out

44 Open arms with clenched fists

Signals / media time-out

45 Thumbs up followed by pointing in direction

of alternating possession arrow

Signals / held ball – jump ball situation

46 Form T, showing palms

Signals / technical foul

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No. 00 and 0

Both hands show 0 Right hand shows 0

Signals / player numbers

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No. 1 - 5

Right hand shows number 1 to 5

Signals / player numbers

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No. 6 - 10

Right hand shows number 5, left hand shows number 1 to 5

Signals / player numbers

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No. 11 - 15

Right hand shows clenched fist, left hand shows number 1 to 5

Signals / player numbers

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No. 16

First reverse hand shows number 1 for the decade digit, then open hands show number 6 for the units digit

Signals / player numbers

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No. 24

First reverse hand shows number 2 for the decade digit, then open hand shows number 4 for the units digit

Signals / player numbers

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No. 40

First reverse hand shows number 4 for the decade digit, then open hand shows number 0 for the units digit

Signals / player numbers

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No. 78

First reverse hands show number 7 for the decade digit, then open hands show number 8 for the units digit

Signals / player numbers

55 Grab palm and forward motion

Signals / hand checking

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Strike wrist NOTE: Normally used on contact at the waist level or below.

Signals / illegal use of hands

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Strike the side of the hand/fist towards the other forearm NOTE: Normally used when contact occurs on the arm during the act of shooting.

Signals / illegal contact to the hand

58 Indicate the contact to the head

Signals / hit to the head

59 One arm with clenched fist, followed by indication of the numbers of free throws

Signals / foul in the act of shooting

Valid only when AOS play!

60 One arm with clenched fist,

followed by pointing to the floor

Signals / foul on the no act of shooting

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JUMPBALL / TOSSING THE BALL

ü Timing and Surprise element ü Jumpers are tensed – why? ü  Avoid to have any extra

movements ü Style of tossing the ball ü One solid upward movement

to toss the ball ü  Level of the ball at the start. ü  Speed & intensive toss ü  In the direction of the

midcourt line ü Surprise element – how?

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TIME-OUTS

ü Leave the ball where the game will be resumed

ü Excellent time to communicate (together)

ü Learn how to communicate ü What & how, less is more ü EOP & EOG ü 20” close to the team

benches ü 10” mark – activate the

process to bring them back

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TIME / FOUL MANAGEMENT

Control of Clocks o  New team possession,

pick up the game & shot clock o  Eye contact on game clock on every

start of possession o  Use game clock for shot clock if

necessary o  Use math to solve it o  Identify your important digits (personal) o  Know your numbers (time & fouls) o  Communicate with your partners

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TIME MANAGEMENT / TWO DIGITS

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TIME MANAGEMENT

Most common play situations o  Jump ball and first possession o  Out of bound play o  Throw-in o  Rebound play (new possession) o  Saving ball (out of bound play)

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Eop & eog

ü Communicate with your partners ü Less than 24 or 14 seconds on

the game clock ü “Last shot” signal initiated by one

and mirrored by all crew.

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No worries! Next generation will

be always better than previous one!

SUMMARY

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