2015 malaysia university-industry green building ......1:planning, installation, operation &...

VIRUS AND BACTERIA FREE RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

2015 Malaysia University-Industry Green Building Collaboration(2015 MU-IGBC Symposium)

RACHEL KOHANA MIRAA MOHD YUSOF

www.MalaysiaRainwaterHarvesting.com

Rainwater Harvesting in Malaysia


Budget 2012

“The Government has provided an additional 20,000 watertanks costing RM52 million for rainwater harvesting,benefitting 100,000 people living in the interiors ofSarawak. For 2012, the Government will expand thisprogramme to Sabah with an allocation of RM50 million”

Prime Minister Datuk Seri Mohd Najib Tun Razak7 October 2011




LAPURAN RINGKAS PROSES KELULUSAN SISTEM PERPARITAN & PENGURUSAN AIR HUJAN OLEH JABATAN PERANCANGAN INFRASTRUKTUR DBKL PADA TAHUN 2010 & 2011 & 2012 & 2013

NOTYPE

OF APPROVAL

JUMLAH

JENIS

JUMLAH CATITAN

2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013

1BIG & MEDIUM

SCALE DEVELOPMENT

76 123 112 135

OSD 60 30 16 2COMMERCIAL &

HOUSINGCOMMERCIAL &

HOUSINGCOMMERCIAL &

HOUSINGCOMMERCIAL &

HOUSING

RWH 9 30 18 50138 Teres

68 Banglo/SD520 Teres

215 Banglo/SD311 Teres 94 Banglo/SD

276 Teres Banglo 91

Banglo & SD 15 shop & 7 Lain

COMBINE OSD & RWH 7 63 78 83

HOUSING & CORMECIAL

HOUSING & CORMECIAL

HOUSING & CORMECIAL

HOUSING & CORMECIAL

2SMALL SCALE

DEVELOPMENT80 67 67 44

OSD 25 0 0 04 Teres

21 Banglo / Semi-D

- - -

RWH 55 67 67 4412 Teres

43 Banglo 8 Teres

59 Banglo61 Banglo /

4 Semi-D

3MAIN DRAIN

PROJECT12 20 8 13

PERKARA

KUANTITI

TOTAL APPROVAL

168 210 187 192 2010 2011 2012 2013

AREA OF DEVELOPMENT1,169,007.22

Meter Persegi1,337,413.56



Meter Persegi

REDUCTION OF DISCHARGE

16,373.41 Litre per saat




STORAGE26,850.22

Meter padu28,860.09

Meter padu21,027.00

Meter Padu 35,699.23

Meter Padu

Design Guidelines


A. KPKT (Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government) -RAINWATER - Guidelines for Installing A Rainwater Collection and Utilization System

B) MSMA (Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia) 2nd Edition 2012, Chapter 6

C) BSI British Standard BS 8515:2009 –Rainwater Harvesting Systems – Code of Practice.

D) EU/Germany- DIN1989-1:2001-10 Rainwater Harvesting Systems – Part 1:Planning, Installation, Operation & Maintenance.

E) AS/NZS 3500 – The Australian and New Zealand Plumbing and Drainage Standard

F) Local Municipal Councils Guidelines- DBKL, MBPJ, MPKJ, MPSJ etceg. Bungalow/ Semi-D – 3 m³ Tank, Terrace House – 1 m³ Tank, Commercial and high rise – 30 percent of SSR become rainwater tank.

Guidelines/Garis-Panduan-SPAH-KPKT.pdf

Guidelines/RWHS -MSMA2ndEdition_2012.pdf

Guidelines/BS+8515+2009-RAIN WATER HARVESTING BS STANDARD.pdf

Guidelines/AS NZS 3500.3-2003 Plumbing and drainage Stormwater drainage.pdf

Guidelines/AS NZS 3500.3-2003 Plumbing and drainage Stormwater drainage.pdf

Guidelines/CHECK LIST MASMA.pdf

Design Parameters


• Daily rainfall intensity• Rain events distribution• Roof and catchment area (MSMA = 1% x Roof Size)• Building and roof design• Intended usage pattern and water quality• Storage tank size and placing• Rainwater Downpipe – Conventional / Syphonic• Guidelines• GBI, Green Mark etc• Available Budget

Sizing


NO. DESIGN CRITERIA UNIT VALUE

1 SSR Volume / Capacity m³ N/A

2 RWH Tank Volume / Capacity m³ 3.00

3 Roof Collection Area (100m² = 1m³) m² 300

4 Rainfall Intensity mm/hour 200.00

5 Max. Design Rain Drainage litre/hour 60,000

6 Max. Design Rain Drainage litre/sec 16.67

7 RWDP Hydraulic Gradient (k=0.06) % 1

8 Max. RWDP Discharged

4" / Ø100mm litre/hour 27,000



10' / Ø250mm litre/hour 306,000

12" / Ø300mm litre/hour 504,000

9 Min. No. Rainwater Filter Collector

4" / Ø100mm nos. 2

6" / Ø150mm nos. 1

8" / Ø200mm nos. 0

10' / Ø250mm nos. 0

12" / Ø300mm nos. 0

10 First FlushCapacity 3. Rooftops or surface catchments = or > 4356m 2 : 2500 liters

50 litres per 100m² litres 150

N/A litres N/A

NOTE FIRST FLUSH

1. Rooftops of 100m2 or smaller : 25 to 50 liters

2. Rooftops of 100m2 or larger: 50 liters per 100m2

From ARI Calculation

please input data : 0.5 or 1.0 or 1.6

RWHS SIZING - BUNGALOW HOUSE IN GOMBAK

REMARK

Base on SSR

RWHS Schematic



Malaysia Domestic Water Consumption Study

Save up to 64% water billif use rainwater for non-potable useToilets – 26%General Washing – 16%Washing Machine – 22%

The Domestic Water Consumption Study, a collaborationbetween the Federation of Malaysian ConsumersAssociations (Fomca) and the Energy, Green Technologyand Water Ministry, started in 2007 and ended 2010. Thestudy covered 1,792 households in the country.


Non-Potable Usage (Untreated)

Irrigation/ gardening Car washing Fire hydrant General washing Toilet flushing Cooling tower make up Used for water

features (fountains etc)


Potable Usage (Treated)

Drinking Bath/shower Cooking Dishwashing

• Rainwater needs to be free of disease causing microorganisms andharmful levels of chemicals, to ensure a safe potable usage.Contamination of collected rainwater with disease causingmicroorganisms from birds and other animals poses the biggestrisk to health.

• Country such as Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Africa, Australia,Switzerland, Brazil, UK and US etc has been processing rainwaterfor potable usage.


Rainwater Quality

Conclusion:Rainwater in Malaysia is non-potable, soft water and slight acidic.

Sources: Water Malaysia Issue No:10 (August 2005)The water quality was tested in the Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM.


Contaminant in Harvested Rainwater

• Rainwater collected from roofs can contain animal and bird faeces,mosses and lichens, windblown dust, particulates from urbanpollution, biocides, and inorganic ions (Ca+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-,SO42-), and dissolved gases (CO2, NOx, SOx) (Liaw et al, 2008).

• Rainwater in the urban area may contains substantial amounts ofcontaminants including dust, particles, halogenated organics,heavy metal, ions, pathogenic microorganisms, and endocrinedisruptors that cause problems in direct use or discharge (Kim etal, 2002).


Contaminant in Harvested Rainwater

1. Debris (leaves and twigs, dust and dirt, bird and animaldroppings, insects, and other visible material)

2. Chemical contaminants: VOC (include plastics, glues, and solvents, as well as gasoline,

greases, and oils) SOC (found in pesticides, herbicides, and similar man-made

products) Minerals (inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium

bicarbonate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium chloride) Heavy Metals (lead, arsenic, copper, iron, and manganese)

3. Microbiological contaminants: Nonpathogenic organisms (protozoa, algae) Pathogenic organisms (parasites, bacteria, viruses)


Pathogenic Organisms

Source: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, 2007


Treatment of Rainwater

1. Polypropylene & ceramic cartridge type filters can effectively treat water by removingsediment and bacteria, but will not remove viruses.

2. Activated carbon filters are most effective in removing and/or reducing chemicals suchas iron and hydrogen sulphide, objectionable tastes, odours and colour, but will notremove bacteria or viruses.

3. Micro/Ultra filtration membrane filters (0.1 - 0.01 micron) can effectively treat water byremoving sediment and bacteria. Ultrafiltration membrane filters may also removeviruses. Installations should include an automatic filter backwash cleaning function and asuitable disposal method for the small amount of dirty backwash water from the filters.

4. Reverse osmosis filters (0.001 micron) are the most sophisticated and are extremelyefficient and effective for the removal of microorganisms and most residual chemicalsfrom water. The filters produce a constant waste stream when operating, and usuallyneed to be connected to a drain and power supply.


Ultrafiltration of Rainwater


Treated Water Tariff

Source: SYABAS, 2015

RWHS vs Treated Water

House type Bungalow

Location Selangor

Occupant 5 adults / 4 children

Consumption (212l/day/pax)a

1908 l/day

57.24 m3/month

SYABAS Treated Water RWH Membrane Ultrafiltration

Water Bill Tarif Total Tank size 2.5m3

1st 20m3

RM0.57 RM11.40 Capital cost (equipment)c

RM23,000.00

2nd 15m3 RM1.03 RM15.45 Energy cost per yeardRM399.60

3rd 22.24m3

RM2.00 RM44.48 Maintenance per year RM500.00

RM71.33

Rebate (1st 20m3) -RM11.40

Total RM59.93

Saving by RWHS (85%

potable and non-

potable usage)b

RM50.94

Saving per year RM611.29 Operational cost per year RM899.60

aMWA, 2012

bFOMCA-KETTHA, 2010

cRWHS/Membrane specialist, 2015

d ~RM0.37/kWh for 0.75kW pump running 4 hours daily (TNB, 2015)


Cost Optimization

Awareness on RWHS

ARE WE READY

FOR RAIN WATER

HARVESTING??


2015 malaysia university-industry green building ......1:planning, installation, operation &...

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