PowerPoint Presentation

The Nexus of Resiliency and Net PositiveDesigning For Passive SurvivabilityJohn Andary, PE, LEED APPrincipal : Integral Group

Neil Bulger, PE, LEED APPrincipal : Integral Group

AgendaWhat is Passive Survivability?Case Study IntroductionsDesign CharretteReport OutCase StudiesSimulation ToolsResourcesQuestions

Passive survivabilityis a building's ability to maintain critical life-support conditions in the event of extended loss of power or water; or in the event of extraordinary heat spells, storms, or other extreme events.

THERMAL HEALTHDESIGNED TO USE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TO KEEP PEOPLE COOL ON HOT DAYS, WARM ON COLD ONES.

ROBUST SHELTEROPERABLE AND DURABLE, ABLE TO BRING IN AIR AND PROTECT FROM THE ELEMENTS.

CLEAN WATERDEPENDS UPON CHANCE ENCOUNTERON FOOT - NOT IN THE CAR

EMERGENCY POWERABLE TO CHARGE DEVICES AND PRODUCE ENERGY LOCALLY

Resilient Design

Indoor temperature above 94F at 50% relative humidity(for healthy adults)Heat Stress Risk

Making Comfort Tangible

Leading Thermal ComfortResearchApplication of Thermal Comfort AcceptableApplication of Thermal Stress and OverheatingThermal Comfort and Indoor Human Stress

360,000 square foot Administration, Conference and Data Center. Maximum EUI of 25 kbtu/sf/yr35 kbtu/sf/yr including Data Center. Prove large scale, market rate Net Zero Energy.

NREL Research Support Facility

TemperatureRHRain SnowGolden, CO

30,000 SF square one-story office warehouse circa 1970 Uninsulated concrete walls, wood roof and single pane windows Developer-led business case for Net Zero Energy.

Indio Building

TemperatureRHRain SnowSunnyvale, CA

DESIGN CHARRETTES

Break Into Two Groups

NREL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY

14JOHN370K SFLEED PLATINUMCOTE TOP 10

IF POSSIBLENET ZERO DESIGN APPROACHMOST ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING IN THE WORLDLEED PLATINUM PLUSASHRAE 90.1 + 50%VISUAL DISPLAYS OF CURRENT ENERGYSUPPORT PUBLIC TOURSACHIEVE NATIONAL RECOGNITIONSUPPORT PERSONNEL TURNOVER

PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES CHECKLIST

MISSION CRITICAL$64M FIRM FIXED PRICE = $260/SFATTAIN SAFE WORK PERFORMANCE LEED PLATINUMENERGY STAR FIRST PLUS

HIGHLY DESIRABLE370K SF : 1200 STAFF CAPACITY 25 KBTU/SF/YEARARCHITECTURAL INTEGRITYHONOR FUTURE STAFF NEEDSMEASURABLE ASHRAE 90.1SUPPORT CULTURE AND AMENITIESEXPANDABLE BUILDINGERGONOMICSFLEXIBLE WORKSPACESUPPORT FUTURE TECHNOLOGIESDOCUMENTATION TO PRODUCE A HOW TO MANUALPR CAMPAIGN FOR BENEFIT OF DOE/NREL AND DBALLOW SECURE COLLABORATION WITH OUTSIDERSBUILDING INFORMATION MODELINGSUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION BY 2010

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JOHNPRE-CONCEPT MODELINGDREW BLDG WALL SECTION BEFORE FIRST CHARRETTE21

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POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT

Energy Used Versus Production

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RSF I is 2% better than model predictedRSF II is 7% better than model predictedMeasured Energy in 2012

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INDIO BUILDING

Net Zero Concept

THE INDIO BUILDING

Reduced HVAC Size

Measured Energy Use and Production

Indio Building November 2015

Thermal ComfortOutdoor EnvironmentIndoor Built Environment

Passive Design & Natural VentilationDaylighting & Visual ComfortBuilding Energy PerformanceDistrict Scale Energy SystemsRhino & Honeybee, LadybugIES Virtual Environment

IES VE / HoneybeeRadiance with RhinoIES VE & OpenStudioTrnsys

Simulation Tools

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WestCamp Sweeney Project Passive Design Simulations

Peak Summer Day: Without Night Flushing Thermal Mass

Operative TemperatureOutside Air

Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal MassWithout ShadingNight flush thermal energy being stored in mass.Operative TemperatureOutside Air

Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal MassWith Shading

Within Expanded Comfort Range with Air MovementSolar shading and envelope

Modeling ResultASHRAE 55 Thermal Comfort ResultsWith Night FlushAnd Shaded ArchitectureNo Night FlushNo shadeWith Night FlushNo shadeHours OverheatedDaily OverheatingHighest Temperature RiskHours OverheatedDaily OverheatingHighest Temperature RiskHours OverheatedDaily OverheatingHighest Temperature RiskCIBSE TM52: Avoiding Overheating

SIMULATION FOR WARM CLIMATES

Kona International Airport Weather Data

Operative temperature is the average between air temperature and the surrounding surface temperatures (mean radiant temperature).ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range

In Buildings without AC

Air Speeds0.2 m/s40 fpm0.5 m/s 100 fpm1.0 m/s200 fpm1.5 m/s300 fpmThe literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement.ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range CBE Comfort Tool

In Buildings without AC

Air Speeds0.2 m/s40 fpm0.5 m/s 100 fpm1.0 m/s200 fpm1.5 m/s300 fpmThe literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement.

ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range CBE Comfort Tool

In Buildings without ACNo active air conditioning is required at 87 deg F air temperature if ceiling fans are used and controlled in each classroom.

Air Speeds0.2 m/s40 fpm0.5 m/s 100 fpm1.0 m/s200 fpm1.5 m/s300 fpmThe literature on thermal comfort indicates that acceptable indoor air speed in warm climates should range from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-conditioned buildings where occupants have direct control over air movement.

ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range CBE Comfort Tool

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Energy Model

With 0.9 m/s air movement, upper comfort limit for 90% of occupants reaches 87F

Thermal Comfort Results Annual Operative Temperature

When windows close, provide tempered ventilation air via free-cooling loop

Annual Wet-Bulb temperature at Kona International AirportCompressor-Free Tempered Ventilation

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http://www.weather-shift.com/Understanding Local Climates

Understanding Local Climates San Diego with Weather Shift

Understanding Local Climates San Diego with Weather Shift

http://www.energy.soton.ac.uk/ccworldweathergen/

Weather Spark

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