2017-2018 AP Environmental Science (aka APES) 2017 Summer Work

Hello! My name is Mr. Cuthbertson (Mr. C). This document contains some work that you need

to complete this summer to prepare you for the Carmel Christian School (CCS) AP Environmental Science (APES) course starting in the fall of 2016. The objective of this summer work is to get you thinking environmentally and to refresh your math skills (calculators are not allowed on the APES AP exam created by the College Board). This advanced science course combines the disciplines of biology, chemistry, geology, and physics to investigate personal and global environmental issues. As this is a college level course, you will be responsible for taking notes, using technology, studying, and learning your vocabulary. With the exception of your summer work being turned in during the first APES class in the fall for a test grade, tests in your APES class will be over two to three chapters at a time, will be timed, and will contain multiple choice and free-response type questions. This is to start preparing you for the APES exam format administered in May 2017. In this AP course, there are no test retakes so be prepared the first time (this has been approved by the upper school administration). With all this information understood, let’s get started….. The best way to communicate with me will be by email - cuthbertsonk@carmelchrisitan.org Please do not expect an immediate reply to your summer emails. My family will be vacationing some, so I will reply to you as quickly as I possibly can. --------------------------------------------------- ** Below are the summer assignments you need to complete. All materials should be typed, and assembled in order in a three-ring binder with dividers to be handed in the first day of APES class in the fall of 2016. ** Purchase the most recent AP Environmental Science Princeton Review review book and bring it with you to each class. Assignment #1 : 20 points ● Movie review of “Home” at the link below: (approximately 1 hour and thirty minutes)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU&feature=watch-now-button&wide=1 **WARNING: Although this movie includes many of the topics that will be taught in this course, it does reference an evolutionary timeline (years) throughout it.

a) This movie is a great introduction to this course as it covers a wide variety of environmental topics and contains a lot of aerial views. b) As you watch the movie, write down 30 interesting facts you learn from throughout the movie (not just from the first 30 minutes) and then type them to be included in the binder. c) Write a short essay describing your thoughts on the movie. (This can include how it made you feel, what surprised you, what made you think, etc., and do not make it more than two paragraphs long.) Type up to be included in your binder.

Assignment #2 : 30 points ● Current Events

a) In environmental science, it is important to know about current issues in the news. b) Find 3 articles that have been published the summer 2016 (from June to the week before school starts). c) Each article must be about a different environmental issue. Here are examples of some environmental issues: chemical contamination, oil spills, pesticides, air pollution, climate change, deforestation, overpopulation, desertification, coral reef destruction, urban sprawl, introduction of non-native or invasive species, endangered species d) Include each article printed from the internet, photocopied from a journal, or cut from a Newspaper or magazine. e) Use the following sources for your articles: NY Times (especially Tuesdays), National Geographic, Discover Magazine, Scientific American, Science, Nature, The Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Natural History magazine, and you may use “.gov, .edu, or .org” sites as well. (Aim high with your sources!) f) Article Analysis directions:

Include all of the following components and clearly identify each component with headings. Each article analysis should be typed and added to your binder.

a) Title of the article b) Summary: brief summary that tells what the article is about (in your own words) c) Analysis:

1) Bias - Is this article biased in any way? In your opinion, does the author give a positive, negative, or neutral view of the environmental science topic?

2) Effect on you - How does this topic relate to you or affect you? d) Type, print, and include in your binder in front of its respective copy of the article. e) Include a “Works Cited” at the end of each article analysis.

Assignment #3: 10 points ● Chemistry Review **The work below may be neatly handwritten or typed and added to your

binder. (Typing the first part would be good practice in using the “Format” tool for adding subscripts and superscripts.)

1) For each of the following, write out the chemical name that goes with the symbol: CO2 CO C6H12O6 CH4 H2 N2 NO2 NO3 NH3 NH4 O2 O3 P PO4

3- S SO2 SO3 H2SO4 NaCl Pb U Rn Hg Cl H2O

2) Write at least a paragraph that explains the following: a) What is the pH scale? What does it measure? b) How do the numbers on the pH scale compare? Example - is a pH of 4 twice as

strong as a pH of 2? Hint - the pH scale is not linear! c) What are the average pH ratings of the following common substances in the

environment: 1) blood 2) rain 3) freshwater (lake or river) 4) ocean water

Assignment #4: 20 points ● Math Review

You should be prepared to perform mathematical calculation WITHOUT USING A CALCULATOR. You won’t be allowed to use one on the APES Examination, so unless we are crunching data from a lab, we won’t be using one in class, either. Sometimes these calculations are fairly simple and you can complete the problems in your head. However, the APES exam requires that you SHOW ALL WORK for credit for the calculations on the free-response questions. The following problems are designed to assess your skills for the type of calculations you will encounter on the exam.

Complete the following problems on a separate pieces of notebook paper and include them in your binder in order. I encourage you to use dimensional analysis and to refrain from using a calculator to solve these problems because you will not be using a calculator in class.

Shown below first are some review tips before you get to the actual math problems I want you to include in your binder.

Percentage 17% = 17/100 = .17

- Remember that "percent" literally means divided by 100. - Percentage is a measure of the part of the whole. Or part divided by whole. -15 million is what percentage of the US population? 15 million / 300 million = .05 = 5% - What is 20% of this $15 bill so that I can give a good tip? $15 x .20 = $15 x 20/100 = $3

Rates percent change = (final - initial) / initial

- Rates will often be written using the word "per" followed by a unit of time, such as cases per year, grams per minute or mile per hour. The word per means to divide, so miles per gallon is actually the number miles driven divided by one gallon. - Rates are calculating how much an amount changes in a given amount of time.

Scientific Notation Thousand = 103 =1,000

Million = 106 =1,000,000 (millions of people in the US) Billion = 109 =1,000,000,000 (billions of people on Earth) Trillion = 1012 =1,000,000,000,000 (National debt is in the trillions of dollars)

- When using very large numbers, scientific method is often easiest to manipulate. For example, the US population is 300 million people or 300 x l06 or 3 x l08

- When adding or subtracting, exponents must be the same. Add the numbers in front of the ten and keep the exponent the same. - When multiplying or dividing, multiply or divide the number in front of the ten and add the exponents; or subtract the exponents if dividing

Ex. 9 x l06/ 3 x l02 = (9/3) x 10(6 - 2) = 3 x 104

Dimensional Analysis You should be able to convert any unit into any other unit accurately if given the conversion factor. Example: 24 miles/gallon = how many kilometers/liter? Online tutorial: www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-da.html Prefixes

m (milli) =1/1000 =10-3

c (cent) =1/100 = 10-2

k (kilo) =1000 =103

M (mega) =1,000,000 =106

G (giga) =1,000,000,000 =109

T (tera) =1,000,000,000,000 =1012

Math problems to complete and include in your binder: (express all answers in standard scientific notation) 1) What is ten million times three thousand? 2) What is thirty-four million plus two hundred fifty-six thousand times four hundred? 3) A population of deer had 200 individuals. If the population dropped 15% in one year, how many deer

were lost? What is the total population of deer the next year? 4) One year we had 120 APES students and the next year we had 150 APES students. What percentage did

the population of APES students grow by? 5) One year we had 2500 endangered sea turtles hatch. After one year there were only 1500. What

percentage of turtles died? 6) Electricity costs 6 cents per kilowatt hour. In one month one home uses one megawatt of electricity.

How much will the electric bill be? (be sure to look at the conversion chart for the conversion factor from kilo to mega)

7) Your car gets 12 miles to the gallon and your friend’s car gets 20 miles to the gallon. You decide to go on a road trip to Virginia Tech, which is 300 miles away. If gas costs $4 per gallon and you decide to split the gas money, how much money will you save by driving your friend’s car?

8) A turtle was crawling at the rate of 38 cm per minute. How many kilometers would the turtle crawl in 2 hours?

9) A turtle was crawling at the rate of 43 cm per minute. How many kilometers would this turtle crawl in one day (24 hours) if it did not rest and continued to crawl at a continuous pace?

10) There are 125 blades of grass in a square cm of lawn. Assuming the grass stand is even, how many blades of grass would be found in a lawn measuring 8 meters by 6 meters? Use scientific notation in your answer.

11) You purchase a home that is 2500 square feet of living space. How many square meters of living space is this?

12) If a calorie is equivalent to 4.184 joules, how many joules are contained in a 250 kilocalorie slice of pizza?

13) A coal-fired electric power plant produces 12 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity each day. Assume that an input of 10,000 BTUs of heat is required to produce an output of one kilowatt-hour of electricity. Calculate the number of BTUs of heat needed to generate the electricity produced by the power plant each day.

14) (Using the information in question 13) Calculate the pounds of coal consumed by the power plant each day assuming that one pound of coal yields 5,000 BTUs of heat.

15) If a city of 10,000 experiences 200 births, 60 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate? (By what percentage did the population change?)

Assignment #5: 20 points ● Environmental Legislation

Construct a table (in Google Sheets in landscape layout) that organizes important information regarding environmental legislation for the laws/treaties listed below. **Type and print to be included in your binder. Include the following information:

1) Name of law or treaty 2) Draft year 3) Amendment year(s) 4) Is it international or national (United States only) 5) Describe the function 6) What environmental issue(s) is/are affected by this legislation? 7) Agency/Group responsible for regulation and enforcement (United Nations, Department

of Interior, EPA, etc.)

Name Draft Year Amendment Year(s)

International or US

Description Issue(s) Affected

Agency

Clean Air Act

1963 1977, 1990 US To monitor and control air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, ozone lead, carbon

air pollution, human health

EPA

dioxide, volatile organic compounds, mercury. Meant to protect public welfare and health and to regulate emissions of dangerous air pollutants.

Clean Water Act (CWA) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation Liability Act (CERCLA) Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE standards) Emergency Planning & Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Independence & Security Act Energy Policy Act Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Federal Water Pollution Control Act Fish and Wildlife Act Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) General Mining Act of 1872 Hardrock Mining & Reclamation Act Healthy Forests Initiative (HFI) Kyoto Protocol Lacey Act (1900) Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) Montreal Protocol National Energy Act National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) National Park Service Organic Act National Wildlife Refuge System Act Noise Control Act Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA) Ocean Dumping Ban Act Oil Pollution Act (OPA) Oil Spill Prevention & Liability Act

Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) Refuse Act Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) Safe Drinking Water Act Soil & Water Conservation Act Solid Waste Disposal Act Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act (SMCRA) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Wilderness Act

Please print the checklist, write in your name, and make it the first page in your binder.

Name:________________________________________________________________

Assignment #1: Movie review of “Home” ___________ / 20 points

Assignment #2: Current Events ___________ / 30 points

Assignment #3: Chemistry Review ___________ / 10 points

Assignment #4: Math Review __________ / 20 points

Assignment #5: Environmental Legislation ___________ / 20 points

*This assignment is due your first class period when you enter the classroom. If you turn in the assignment late, you will not receive full credit.