2017 forestry & wildlife research review · effectiveness monitoring of stream simulation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative
2017 Forestry & Wildlife
Research Review
TuesdayJanuary10,20178:45am–3:45pm
CloquetForestryCenterCloquet,MN
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Table of Contents Agenda...........................................................................................................................................................................4
WelcomeandOverview.........................................................................................................................................6
Block1...........................................................................................................................................................................7
CharacterizingtimbersalvageoperationsonpublicforestsinMinnesotaandWisconsin.7
Factorsaffectingsoilmercury,carbonandnitrogendistributionsinseasonalpondbasinswithinanorthernhardwoodforest...............................................................................................8
AsummaryoffactorsaffectingtimbersalepricesinMinnesota....................................................9
SFEC’s2016needsassessmentresults.............................................................................................10
Effectsofbiomassremovalandsoilcompactiononsoilpropertiesovera20yearperiodacrossasoiltexturegradient.......................................................................................................................11
Block2........................................................................................................................................................................12
Quantifyingwhite‐taileddeerbrowseimpactswithforestinventorydataacrosstheLakeStatesregionoftheUnitedStates..............................................................................................................12
ManagementfordroughtsusceptibilityofnorthernMinnesotaforestsunderfutureclimatechange....................................................................................................................................................13
Effectofaveragegrowingseasontemperatureonseedlinggermination,survivalandgrowthinjackpine(PinusbanksianaL.)................................................................................................14
LiDARforassessingage‐heightrelationshipsinyoungaspenforests......................................15
Dronesanddatainforestresourcemanagement...............................................................................16
Block3........................................................................................................................................................................17
In‐fielddryingofbiomassforenergy,regenerationimpacts..................................................17
Nest&broodsurvivalofring‐neckedducksintheforest:Trade‐offsinwetlandbenefitsforbreedinghens..............................................................................................................................................18
Ahistoryofbeaver(Castorcanadensis)managementinsalmonidstreamsintheWesternGreatLakesregion.........................................................................................................................19
Theimpactofmanagementonforestbirdcommunities................................................................20
Planforpollinators:IncreasingfloweringdiversityinAitkinCounty,MN.......................21
Identifyingmigrantoriginsusingstableisotopes,citizensciencedata,andhabitatsuitability:Batandbirdexamples.............................................................................................................22
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Block4........................................................................................................................................................................23
Artificialregenerationofhybridaspen...................................................................................................23
Examiningfactorsassociatedwithprivateforestlandownerbehaviorsandintentionstotreatinvasiveforestspecies.........................................................................................................................24
Utilizingreal‐worldadaptivesolutionsintheLakesStates:ExamplesfromFlorenceCountyWisconsin&SuperiorNationalForestMinnesota.............................................................25
PosterOnly...............................................................................................................................................................26
Effectivenessmonitoringofstreamsimulationdesignroad‐streamcrossingsyieldsunexpectedecologicalbenefits...................................................................................................................26
Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................................27
SFECMemberOrganizationsfor2016‐2017............................................................................................28
KeepinginTouch...................................................................................................................................................28
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Agenda
2017 Forestry & Wildlife Research Review
January10,2017from8:45am–3:45pm,CloquetForestryCenter
8:15am Check‐inopens
8:45am Welcomeandagendareview
EliSagor,UMN‐SFEC
8:50am8:509:109:159:359:40
Block 1 CharacterizingtimbersalvageoperationsonpublicforestsinMinnesotaandWisconsinFactorsaffectingsoilmercury,carbon,andnitrogendistributionsinseasonalpondbasinswithinanorthernhardwoodforestAsummaryoffactorsaffectingtimbersalepricesinMinnesotaSFEC’s2016needsassessmentresultsEffectsofbiomassremovalandsoilcompactiononsoilpropertiesovera20yearperiodacrossasoiltexturegradient
losdkMattRussell,UMN‐FRRandyKolka,USFS‐NRS
MikeKilgoreandCharlieBlinn,UMN‐FR
EliSagor,UMN‐SFECRobSlesak,MFRC
10:00am Breakandpostersession
10:30am10:3010:5011:1011:1511:35
Block 2 Quantifyingwhite‐taileddeerbrowseimpactswithforestinventorydataacrosstheLakeStatesregionoftheU.S.ManagementfordroughtsusceptibilityofnorthernMinnesotaforestsunderfutureclimatechangeEffectofaveragegrowingseasontemperatureonseedlinggermination,survivalandgrowthinjackpine(PinusbanksianaL.)LiDARforassessingage‐heightrelationshipsinyoungaspenforestsDronesanddatainforestresourcemanagement
lockStephaniePatton,UMN‐FR
BillSea,BSUAndyDavid,UMN‐CFCGeorgeHost,UMD‐NRRI
DanHeins,UMN‐FRRemoteSensingLab
12:00pm Lunchandpostersession
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1:00pm1:001:051:251:301:501:55
Block 3 In‐fielddryingofbiomassforenergy,regenerationimpactsNestandbroodsurvivalofring‐neckedducksintheforest:Trade‐offsinwetlandbenefitsforbreedinghensAhistoryofbeaver(Castorcanadensis)managementinsalmonidstreamsintheWesternGreatLakesregionTheimpactofmanagementonforestbirdcommunitiesPlanforpollinators:IncreasingfloweringdiversityinAitkinCountyMNIdentifyingmigrantoriginsusingstableisotopes,citizensciencedata,andhabitatsuitability:Batandbirdexamples
BlockBradJones,ICCCharlotteRoy,MNDNRSeanJohnson‐Bice,UMDAlexisGrinde,UMD‐NRRIJacobOlbrich,UMNJosephK.Bump,UMN
2:15pm Breakandpostersession
2:45pm2:453:053:25
Block 4 ArtificialregenerationofhybridaspenExaminingfactorsassociatedwithprivateforestlandownerbehaviorsandintentionstotreatinvasiveforestspeciesUtilizingreal‐worldadaptivesolutionsintheLakesStates:ExamplesfromFlorenceCountyWI&SuperiorNationalForestMN
crudAndyDavid,UMN‐CFCStephanieSnyder,USFS‐NRS
DonaldPeterson,SRI
3:45pm Adjourn
DenotesaLightningTalk
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Welcome and Overview WelcometoSFEC’s2017ForestryandWildlifeResearchReview.
TheResearchReviewisoneofourmostimportantevents.Eachyearitbringstogetheralargeanddiversegroupofnaturalresourceprofessionalsforupdatesonresearchrelevanttotheirwork.Thepresentations,questions,anddiscussionfromwildlifemanagers,foresters,ecologists,waterresourcespecialists,outreachprofessionals,students,andothersbringusalluptospeedonnewdevelopmentsandhowtheycaninformourworkontheground.
WhilethereisnotmuchtimeforQ&Aduringthepresentationsessions,wehavedesignedtheeventwithconversationinmind.ThegenerousbreaksandStineRoomlayoutareintendedtocreateopportunitiestoaskquestionsofpresentersandpeers,challengewhatyou’veheard,andexplorewaystoimprovetheresourceconservationandmanagementworkthatyoudoeveryday.
Thisyear’sReviewincludesalargegroupofpresenters.Youwillhear20‐minutepresentationsand5‐minutelightningtalksthroughouttheday.Thelightningtalksareabriefwaytogetthebigideasacrosssothatyoucanfillinthedetailsduringthebreaksandpostersessions.
We’regladyoujoinedusandwehopeyouenjoytheday!
‐EliSagorandJulieHendrickson
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Block 1
Characterizing timber salvage operations on public forests in Minnesota and Wisconsin MattRussell*;MikeKilgore,UMNForestResources;CharlieBlinn,UMNForestResources
Despitethecommonmanagementpracticeandbenefitsofsalvageloggingindisturbedforests,littleisknownaboutthecontributionsalvageloggingoperationsmaketowoodmarkets.From2010through2014,salvagewoodmadeup10%ofthevolumeofferedfromatotalof7.5millioncordssoldonstatelands(MN)andstateandcountylands(WI).Thepercentageoftotalsalvagevolumewassimilartothetotalpercentofforestareaonstateandcountylandthatwasdisturbedbyinsects,disease,weatherdamage,orsomeotheragentoverthesametimeperiod.Thecharacteristicsofsalvagesalesaredifferentfromnon‐salvagesales:stateandcountysalvagesalesofferedmorevolumepersaleandwerelargerinsizecomparedtonon‐salvagesales,butonlyifawidespreadforestdisturbancewasobserved(e.g.,the2011St.CroixValleyblowdown).Thispresentationwilldiscusstheimportanceofpublictimbersalestoinformarangeofecologicalandeconomicimpactsassociatedwithforestdisturbances.
*UniversityofMinnesota‐[email protected]
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Factors affecting soil mercury, carbon and nitrogen distributions in seasonal pond basins within a northern hardwood forest RandyKolka*;MikaylaBoche,NorthDakotaStateUniversity;TomDeSutter,NorthDakotaStateUniversity
Forestsaresitesformercurydeposition,whereaccumulationinaquaticenvironmentscanoccur.Soiltotalmercury(THg),carbon(C)andnitrogen(N)to15cmsoildepthwerestudiedintenseasonalpondbasinsinanorthernhardwoodforest(Minnesota,USA).PoolsandconcentrationsofTHgwerelowerinuplandsthaninponds,indicatingdownslopetransportordifferentialdeposition.Inuplands,THgconcentrationswerethesamein0‐2and2‐5cmdepthsandthendecreased,whereasdensitypeakedin2‐5cm,highlightingtheimportanceofbulkdensityonmass.CarbonandNtrendsweresimilartoTHg.Apartfrompondcenters,strongpositiverelationshipsbetweenTHgandCwereobserved.Uplandslopelength,graminoidcover,basinareaandtreeheightaccountedforoverhalfofTHgvarianceatthepondedge.Understandingthedistribution,trendsandcontributingfactorsofsoilTHgcanfurthereffortstowardimmobilizationandsequestration,thusminimizingthepotentialforbioaccumulation.
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A summary of factors affecting timber sale prices in Minnesota MikeKilgore*andCharlieBlinnѱ
VariousstudieshavebeenconductedtoevaluatetheeffectthatsiteandstandfactorsandtimberharvestingguidelineshaveonstumpagepricesreceivedbyselectedpubliclandmanagementagenciesinMinnesota.Wewillpresentanoverviewofthosestudiesandtheirfindingstohelplandmanagersbetterunderstandhowdecisionsmadeduringthesaledesignprocessimpactstumpageprices.
*UniversityofMinnesota‐[email protected]
ѱUniversityofMinnesota‐[email protected]
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SFEC’s 2016 needs assessment results EliSagor*
InOctober2016,theSustainableForestsEducationProgramandUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionForestryteamgatheredresponsestoaneducationalprogramneedsassessmentsurvey.Thepurposeofthesurveywastoelicitfeedbackfromourtargetaudiencesabouttopicsofgreatestinteresttothemforfutureeducationalofferings.Learnerpreferencesareonetypeofdatatoinformprogramofferings.
ThesurveywasopenaccessandonlinethroughtheUMNQualtricssystem.RespondentswererecruitedexclusivelyusingemailsenttotheSFECandMyMinnesotaWoodsemaillists.Thesurveyassessedlevelofinterestineachofsevenbroadcategories:silvicultureandforestmanagement,timbersaledesignandforestmanagementguidelines,forestdependentwildlife;foresthealthandinvasives;treeandplantidentification;economicsandhumandimensions;andagroforestryandbioenergy.Surveyquestionsthenprobedfordetailontopicsinwhichtherespondentwas“veryinterested”fromsection1,firstbyrankingarandomlyorderedlistofsubtopicsbasedoninterest,thenbyindicatinguptotwopreferredformatstolearnaboutalloftherelatedsubtopics.
Wereceived178usableresponses.About53%ofrespondentswerenaturalresourceprofessionals,about34%familywoodlandowners,andtherestweremastervolunteersor“others.”Thethreebroadtopicswiththehighestlevelsofinterestareforesthealthandinvasives;silvicultureandforestmanagement;andforestdependentwildlife.Withinforesthealthandinvasives,themostpopularsubtopicswerediseaseIDandmanagementandsilviculturaloptionstomitigateforesthealththreats.Withinsilvicultureandforestmanagement,themostpopularsubtopicswereadvancedorecologicalsilvicultureandforestmanagementtobenefitwildlife.Withinforestdependentwildlife,themostpopularsubtopicswereforestmanagementtopromotenongameandgamespecies(twoseparatesubtopics).
Acrossallbroadtopics,themostpopularcontinuingeducationprogramformatswereone‐dayworkshopsandwebinars.
SFECwillusetheseresults,alongwithinputfromeventevaluationforms,attendancedata,andinputfromourmemberrepresentativesandeducationaladvisorycommitteetoinformfutureprogramdevelopment.Wealwayswelcomeinputfromparticipantsabouthowtoensurecontinuousimprovementinourofferings.
*UniversityofMinnesota‐[email protected]
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Effects of biomass removal and soil compaction on soil properties over a 20 year period across a soil texture gradient RobertA.Slesak*,BrianJ.Palikѱ,andAnthonyW.D’Amatoα
Soilfunctionsthatcontrolplantresourceavailabilityandsiteproductivitycanbealteredbyincreasedbiomassremovalandsoilcompactionthatmayoccurduringforestharvesting,buttheeffectsarelikelytovarydependingonsiteconditions.HerewereportontheeffectsofincreasingbiomassremovalandsoilcompactiononsoilpropertiesacrossthreeaspensiteslocatedintheLakeStatesregion.Biomassremovaltreatmentsincludedstem‐onlyharvests(SOH),wholetreeharvests(WTH),andWTHplusforestfloorremoval(FFR);compactiontreatmentsincludedlow,intermediate,andhighlevelsofcompaction.EffectsofbiomassremovalwereprimarilyassociatedwiththeextremeFFRtreatment,andgenerallylimitedtothelowerproductivitysandandclaytexturesites.Atthesandtexturesitewithlowinitialpoolsofcarbonandnutrients,FFRresultedinsoilcarbonandcalciumreductionsoverthe20yearperiodwhichwereassociatedwithreductionsinaspengrowth.Soilbulkdensityincreasedwithincreasingcompaction,butonlyatthesiltloamandsandtexturesites.Bulkdensityinsurfacesoilhadfullyrecoveredfromharvest‐andtreatment‐inducedincreasesafter20years,butremainedelevatedatgreaterdepths.Thesefindingshighlightthesoil‐specificresponsetobiomassremovalandsoilcompaction,withcoarse‐textured,poorlybufferedsandsmoresusceptibletotheeffectsofbiomassremoval,andfiner‐textured,well‐structuredloamsbeingmoresusceptibletosoilcompaction.Managementpracticesshouldbecustomizedtoagivensetofsoilandsiteconditionstominimizethepotentialforsoildegradationandmaintainsiteproductivity.
ѱUSDAForestService,[email protected]
αUniversityofVermont,[email protected]
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Block 2
Quantifying white-tailed deer browse impacts with forest inventory data across the Lake States region of the United States StephaniePatton*;MatthewRussell,UMNDepartmentofForestResources
White‐taileddeer(OdocoileusvirginianusZimmerman)areknowntoconsumebudsandtwigsofyoungtreesaswellasmanyunderstoryherbaceousplants.DeerpopulationsintheMidwesternUnitedStateshaveincreasedrecentlyduetotheremovalofpredatorsandanincreaseinhumandevelopment,presentingchallengesinmanyregionstosuccessfullyregeneratetreespecies.Thisanalysisuseddeerbrowseimpactmeasurements(rangingfromverylowtoveryhigh)fromthenewtreeregenerationindicatorfromtheU.S.ForestServiceForestInventoryandAnalysis(FIA)program.Seedlingandsaplingabundanceandotherplot‐levelcharacteristicswereanalyzedacrossMichigan,Minnesota,andWisconsin.SurrogatedatasetswereusedinconjunctionwithFIAdatatodeterminetheirpredictivepowerinestimatingdeerbrowseimpactsbycounty.TheseincludedCenterforDiseaseControlLymediseasedata,vehicle‐collisiondata,andQualityDeerManagementAssociationdeerdensityestimates.Predictionsfromrandomforestsmodelsindicatethatusingthesesurrogatedatasetsandforestinventoryinformationcorrectlypredicteddeerbrowseimpactapproximatelyhalfofthetime(80of164FIAplotsintheLakeStates).Deercollisionspercountyscoredasthehighestimportancevariableintherandomforestsforpredictingdeerbrowseimpactsinall3states.LymediseasecasesrankedhighinimportanceforthefullmodelandforMinnesotaandWisconsin,separately.Resultsshowtheimportanceofquantifyingdeerbrowseimpactsusingasuiteofforestinventoryandothersocio‐environmentaldatasets.
*UniversityofMinnesota‐[email protected]
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Management for drought susceptibility of northern Minnesota forests under future climate change WilliamSea*;PriyaSetlur,BemidjiStateUniversity;RyanNess,BemidjiStateUniversity;JillianWalechka,BemidjiStateUniversity
WeassesswateruseefficiencychangesfortreeseedlingsunderafuturewarmeranddrierregionalclimateinnorthernMinnesota.Ourongoingresearchexaminesthephysiologicalresponseofredandponderosapineseedlingsandtwobroadleafspecies(quakingaspenandburoak)seedlingssubjecttodroughtstress.Throughcontrolledenvironmentalconditions,includingusinghighintensityLEDgrowthlampsinourlaboratory,wemakeuseofthenewestphotosynthesissystem,theLI‐CORLI‐6800,toexamineleaflight‐responsecurvesunderambient(400ppm)andelevated(800ppm)carbondioxideconcentrations,withandwithoutdroughtandheatstress.Preliminaryresultssuggestthatredpinesaresignificantlymoredrought‐pronethanponderosapine.Wealsofindthatburoakmaybebetteradaptedthanquakingaspensubjecttodrierandwarmerconditions.Wediscussimplicationsforforestmanagementandanticipatethatfutureworkwillbeexpandedtoothercommonspeciesrelevanttoadaptivelymanagingregionalforestsunderfutureclimatechange.
*BemidjiStateUniversity–[email protected]
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Effect of average growing season temperature on seedling germination, survival and growth in jack pine (Pinus banksiana L.) AndrewDavid*andEgonHumenberger
Becausejackpine(Pinusbanksiana)isserotinousitretainsmultipleyearsofconesuntilenvironmentalconditionsarefavorableforreleasingseed.Thesecones,whichcontainseedcohortsthatdevelopedunderavarietyofgrowingseasons,canbeaccuratelyagedusingbudscalescarsontwigsandbranches.BycalculatingtheaveragedailytemperatureforJunethroughAugustforthepast15yearsinGrandRapids,Minnesota,USAandcomparingthemtothepublished30yearaverageweidentifiedthreeyearsthatcouldserveasawarmer(2006),cooler(2009)andcontrol(2014)growingseason.Fromthreematurejackpinewecollectedconesthatcouldbedatedtothesethreeyearsandsowedtheseedsinagreenhousewithminimalwaterandtemperaturecontrolthroughoutthegrowingseason.Wescoredgerminationratesforeachtree/yearcombinationandattheendofthegrowingseasoncalculatedpercentsurvivalandheight.Germinationratesforeachtree/yearseedcombinationrangedfrom35to59%.Seedlingsurvivalinthewarmgreenhouseconditionsforthewarmsummerof2006was104%ofcontrolwhileseedlingsfromthecoldsummerof2009survivedat98%ofcontrolseedlings.Asimilartrendwasobservedforseedlingheight.The2006seedlingcohortgrewat129%ofthecontrolwhileseedlingsfromcold2009grewat98%oftheaveragecontrolheight.Theseresultssuggestthatthereisanepigeneticeffectinjackpinebetweengrowingseasontemperatureexperiencedduringseeddevelopmentandfutureseedlingsurvivalandheightgrowth.Althoughbasedonasingleyearofdatainanartificialenvironmentthesefindingsrepresentthefirstdatathatsuggestthatjackpine,anecologicallyandeconomicallyimportantborealspecies,possessessomeinherentabilitytoadapttoawarmingclimate.
*UniversityofMinnesota‐DepartmentofForestResources,[email protected]
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LiDAR for assessing age-height relationships in young aspen forests GeorgeHost*,KristiNixon,PaulMeysembourg,BillBergusonandDanBuchman,NaturalResourcesResearchInstitute,UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth
Minnesota’srecentstatewideLiDARimagerycollection,coupledwithsatellite‐basedforestcoverclassificationandexistingfieldinventorydata,hasthepotentialtomapthesizeclassandpotentiallystockingofredpineandaspenforestlandsacrosspublicandprivateownerships.Understandingthedistributionoftheseforestresourcesisessentialasthedevelopmentofanewbioeconomyfocusedonbiofuelsandbiochemicalemergesinparallelwithexpansionsinmoretraditionalforestproductsindustries.
WeanalyzedaspenstanddatafromSt.LouisCounty,focusingonstandsthatwereharvestedbetween6and40yearsago.StatewideLiDARwereclippedtostandboundariesandnumerousmetricswerederivedfromtheLiDARdata.Relationsbetweenstandageandheight‐relatedmetricswereconfoundedbywithin‐standheterogeneitycausebyinclusionsofroads,wetlands,power‐linesandothernon‐canopyfeatureswithinthestandboundary.Extractinghomogeneouscanopypatchesgreatlyimprovedthemodelfit.Currentworkisfocusingonindividualtreedetectionroutinesinaspenandredpinesystemstoestimatetreedensity.Understandingheightanddensitypatternsintheseforesttypeswillcontributetoquantifyingavailabilityoftimberresourcesacrosspublicandprivateownerships.
Testingindividualtreedetectionroutinesinredpineforests
*NaturalResourcesResearchInstitute,[email protected]
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Drones and data in forest resource management DanHeins*
UnmannedAircraftSystems(UAS)aredemocratizingmanyaspectsofremotesensingdataacquisitionpreviouslyreservedforsatellite,manned‐aircraft,orin‐situfieldcollection.Theflexible,responsive,on‐demandnatureofUASoperationscanempowerusersandaddressaspectrumofgeospatial,environmental,andsocietalchallenges.
ThisdiscussionwillprovideanoverviewofUASoperationsanddataacquisitionintheUniversityofMinnesota'sForestResourcesDepartment,withafocusonapplications,techniques,andreal‐worldexamples.Inadditiontoabriefoverview,topicswillincludethecostsandbenefitsofUAScollectionrelativetomoretraditionalmeans,spatialresolution,collectiontechniquesappropriatefortheforestscene,challengeswithUASdataacquisition,theUAScollectionworkflow,employinggroundcontrol,andtheuseofvariousfirstandsecond‐orderdataproducts.
*RemoteSensingandGeospatialAnalysisLab,UniversityofMinnesota‐[email protected]
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Block 3
In-field drying of biomass for energy, regeneration impacts EvanBecker,KatieHaag,andBradJones*,ItascaCommunityCollege,NaturalResourceProgram
TheregenerationimpactassessmentispartofalargerprojectdesignedtodemonstrateEuropeanmodelsforin‐woodsdryingofbiomassfuelsutilizedforthermalenergy.ThisstudysiteislocatedinS34‐T49N‐R17W‐4PMontheCloquetForestryCenter.BiomasspilesatthissitewereconstructedinJanuary2014inconjunctionwithanaspenclearcuton14.8acresite.Asamplegridwasestablishedadjacenttotheroadsandpiles,toevaluatetheimpactofpiledmaterialandpileremoval.Thegridwassufficientlylargetocovertheentireareapotentiallyimpactedbyastandardbiomassremovalchippingoperation.A20’x20’gridwasestablishedintheareaofpotentialimpact,andcovered2.08acres.Plotswereestablishedpost‐harvestinearlyMay2014.Sampleplots,1/1000thacre,wereplacedattheintersectionofthegrid.Speciesofalltrees,aswellasheightandgroundlinediameteronthefirsttreefromnorthwasrecordedontheseplots.Werevisitedsitetoevaluategrowthafterthefirstgrowingseasontoestablishbaselinegrowth.ThepileswereremovedinMay2016.FinalmeasurementsweretakeninOctober2016toevaluatetheresponsetodamagebythepilingandbiomassremoval.Thisposterwillidentifytheimpactoflong‐termstorageandremovalofwoodybiomassontheregenerationofanaspenharvest.
ProjectFundedbyFondduLacBandofLakeSuperiorChippewa,OfficeofIndianEnergyandEconomicDevelopment,DivisionofEnergy&MineralDevelopment
Cooperators:FondduLacResourceManagementDivision,BrunoZagarandStevenOlsonUniversityofMinnesota–ForestResources,RachaelOlesiakandKyleGillItascaCommunityCollege–NaturalResources&EngineeringPrograms
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Nest & brood survival of ring-necked ducks in the forest: Trade-offs in wetland benefits for breeding hens CharlotteRoy*
TheborealforestregionofMinnesotaisfacingincreasinganthropogenicinfluenceinareasthathavetraditionallybeenremoteandinaccessible.Althoughtheseforestsarerecognizedasimportanttobreedingwaterfowl,breedingseasonvitalratesandtheinfluenceofanthropogenicdevelopmentontheseratesarelargelyunexplored.Weexaminednestsurvivalandbroodsurvivalofring‐neckedducks(Aythyacollaris)intheforestofnorth‐centralMinnesotausing115ring‐neckedducknestsand32broodslocatedduring2008‐2012.Weexaminedtheinfluenceofhouses,distancetoroads,androad‐surfacetypes,aswellaswetlandcharacteristicsandothervariablesthathavebeenimportantinotherstudiesofwaterfowl.Nestsurvivalwashighernearpavedroadsthangravelroads,andatwetlandswithgreaternestinghabitatareaandlessopenwaterarea.Broodsurvivalincreasedwithbroodageandwashigheratwetlandswithmoreopenwaterareaandlessnestinghabitatarea.Ourfindingsindicatethatroadsmayimpactnestsurvivalandthatwetlandattributesassociatedwithhighernestsurvivalforring‐neckedducksareattributesassociatedwithlowerbroodsurvival.Thus,differentwetlandsareneededforvariousstagesofthebreedingseason.Thisfindingdemonstratestheimportanceofconservingdiversewetlandsinspatialproximityintheforesttomeetthechangingneedsofring‐neckedducks.Furthermore,wildlifeprofessionalsshouldconsiderthefulllifecycle,andnotassumethatinformationcollectedduringonestage(e.g.,pairing,nesting,broodrearing,migration,winterhabitat)orseasonwilladequatelycapturehabitatrequirementsthroughouttheyear.
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A history of beaver (Castor canadensis) management in salmonid streams in the Western Great Lakes region SeanJohnson‐Bice*;KathrynRenik,BemidjiStateUniversity;SteveWindels,VoyageursNationalParkandUniversityofMinnesota‐Duluth;AndrewHafs,BemidjiStateUniversity
FollowingthenearextirpationofbeaversintheWesternGreatLakesregionbytheearly20thcentury,stateagenciesinMichigan,Minnesota,andWisconsinenactedclosedand/orlimitedharvestseasonstofacilitatepopulationrecoveryefforts.Consequently,beaverdistributionandabundanceexpandedrapidlyinresponsetotheharvestrestrictions.Beaverimpoundmentsexpandedalongsidethepopulation,however,creatinganincreaseinconflictswithforesters,anglers,andlandownersalike.Eachstateenactedsimilarbeavermanagementplansaimedatreducinghuman‐beaverconflictswithoutcompromisingtherecoveryprocess.Inparticular,beaver‐salmonidrelationshipswereexaminedbyeachstate,andabriefhistoryofregionalbeaver‐salmonidstudiesispresentedhere.Resultsfromthesestudiesindicatevariableeffectsattheregional,watershed,andevenstreamlevels,howevercertaintrendsappeartobeconsistent,basedprimarilyonstreamgradientandhydrologiccharacteristics.Itisrecommendedthatwatershed‐specificresearchshouldbeconductedpriortoimplementingabeavermanagementprogramwithinsalmonidstreams.Whiletheremovalofbeaverandbeaverimpoundmentsfromthelandscapereduceshuman‐beaverconflicts,italsodisplacesthewildlifecommunitiesassociatedwithbeaver‐influencedwetlands.Withhealthybeaverpopulationsinallthreestatesnow,currentbeavermanagementplansaimtostrikeabalancebetweenthemanystakeholdersinvolvedinbeaver‐impactedcommunities.Futureresearchobjectivesareintroducedhere,withaprimaryfocusonevaluatingbeaverpopulationtrends,andbeaver‐salmonidinteractionsinnortheastMinnesota.
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The impact of management on forest bird communities AlexisGrinde*;GeraldNiemi,NaturalResourcesResearchInstitute,UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth
Foreststructure,age,andlandscapecharacteristicsinfluencethecompositionofforestbirdcommunities.Weestablishedninelargeforestblocks(approximately1squaremileeach)acrossnorthernMinnesotatodeterminetheinfluenceofhabitatandlandscapecharacteristicsonforestbirds.Forestplotswereoriginallysampledinthemid‐1990’sandhaverecentlybeenresampledtodeterminechangesinforestcharacteristicsandforestbirdcompositionovertime.Acombinationofsuccession,naturaldisturbances,andforestmanagementhavealteredforestcompositionoverthe20‐yeartimeperiod.Weusethisdatasettocharacterizechangesthathaveoccurredintheforestplotsanddeterminetheimpactsofforestmanagementonforestbirdcommunities.
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Plan for pollinators: Increasing flowering diversity in Aitkin County, MN JacobOlbrich*
Honeybeesdirectlyorindirectlycontributedtoover$19billionofcropsin2010(FWS,2015).Inrecentyears,thepopulationofpollinatorspeciesplummeted,reducingseveralofthesespeciesintoendangeredstatus.Tocombatthis,AitkinCountyMinnesotadesignated11opengrasslandsforhabitatassessmenttodeterminetheirsuitabilityforpollinators.Vegetativesurveyswereconductedon1m2plotsovertwobloomingperiodstodeterminewhatwereestablishedspecies.Speciesevennesswascalculatedtoevaluatehowcloseinnumberspeciesinplotsandsiteswere.Shannon’sDiversityIndexwasusedtoestimatediversityofplotsandsitesweightedonevennessandrichness.Becauseofthearrayofsitelandscapes,differentstrategiesweresuggestedtobeimplementedwitheachsite.NotableestablishedspeciesincludesA.syriaca,A.umbellatus,A.patens,M.fistulosa,andS.altissima.Intotal,sevensitesweregivenrecommendationsfortreatments.Largersiteswereoftendesignatedwithprescribedburnswhilesmallersitesorsiteswithspecificproblematicareascouldbenefitfromspotmowing,disking,ortilling.Oncesitesareopenedup,seedmixescanbeintroduced,bringingnewspeciestothesesites.Toencompassthecapacityforsustaininghealthypopulations,atleastthreedistinctspeciesinthreebloomingperiodsarerequired.Theseedmixesincombinationwithestablishedspeciesaredesignedtoprovidethisencompassing,sustainingfloweringdiversity.AitkinCountybegantwotokenprogramsinFall2016totillquarteracreislandsforon‐sitesourcesofbiodiversity.
Citation:
UnitedStatesFishandWildlifeService.2015.Pollinators.https://www.fws.gov/pollinators/
*UniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities/[email protected]
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Identifying migrant origins using stable isotopes, citizen science data, and habitat suitability: Bat and bird examples JosephK.Bump*
Thegoalofthispresentationistoillustratehowstableisotopetechniquesincombinationwithotherdatalayerscanbeusedtodeterminetheoriginsofmigrating,forest‐basedwildlife.FirstIwillpresenthowstableisotopescanbeusedtodelineatebathibernaculacatchmentareasintheupperGreatLakesregion.Second,Iwillshowhowcitizensciencedatacombinedwithstableisotopeanalysisrevealsmigratoryconnectivityinasecretivebirdspecies,theVirginiarail.IwillincludeadditionalexamplesoftheappliedvalueofstableisotopetechniquesthatarerelevanttothemanagementofMinnesota'sforestwildlife.
*MichiganTechnologicalUniversity;UniversityofMinnesota(August2017)[email protected]
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Block 4
Artificial regeneration of hybrid aspen AndrewDavid*andEgonHumenberger
Typicallyaspenstandsareregeneratednaturallyviaharvestingwhenthetrunksareshearedclosetotheground.Thelossoftheapicalmeristemcausestherootstosendupsuckersthatquicklycapturethesiteandregeneratethestandinaspen.Althoughnaturalregenerationisquick,easyandeffective,artificialregeneration–creatinganaspenstanddenovowithseedlings–ismuchmoredifficult.Herewepresentanovelmethodforartificialregenerationofaspenthattakesadvantageofseveralaspentraits,e.g.toleranceofintraspecificcompetition,productionofrootssuckersatanearlyageandfastsuckergrowth.Thismethodutilizessmallgroupsor‘densepacks’ofaspenthatareplantedathighdensity(1ftx1ft)andgrowntoaminimumsizebeforebeingsheared.Similartonaturalregenerationtheresultingsuckersthencapturethestand.
Densepackgroupsranginginsizefrom16to100seedlingswereplantedat1ftx1ftspacinginareplicatedfashiononanabandonedhayfieldinItascaCounty,Minnesota.Survival,heightanddbhweremeasuredannuallythroughthe10thgrowingseasonandtheseedlingsshearedthefollowingwinter.Twentyfoot(6m)radiusplotswereestablishedonthedensepackcentroidsandsuckerstemnumberandheightweremeasuredafterthreegrowingseasons.Resultsindicatedthatdensepacksizesof36to49seedlingsweretheminimumneededtogeneratetheapproximately5,000stems/ac(12,500stems/ha)requiredtoensuresuccessfulregeneration,andthatpriortoshearingtheaveragedensepackstemshouldbe13ft(4m)inheightand1.25in(3cm)dbh.Thisnovelmethodofestablishingaspenfromseedlingscouldbeusedinecologicalrestorationwhereaspenwaspresenthistorically,inphytoremediationtoamelioratesoilpollutionorholdtailingsdustinplace,ortoestablishshortrotationplantationsofhybridaspen.
*UniversityofMinnesota‐DepartmentofForestResources,[email protected]
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Examining factors associated with private forest landowner behaviors and intentions to treat invasive forest species StephanieSnyder*;MichaelKilgore,UMNDept.ofForestResources
Invasivespecies,whicharespeciesthataren’tnativetoparticularecosystems,areagrowingproblemintheforestsoftheNorthwoods,posingthreatstotheintegrityofnativeplantcommunitiesandthebenefitsthatflowfromthem.Conservativeestimatesplacethenationaleconomicimpactsofinvasivespeciesat$120billion/year,withannualimpactsof$3billiontothepeopleofMNforlostproductivityandincreasedmanagementcosts.Invasivespeciesposelandscape‐scaleproblemsthatrequireeffortsacrossownershipboundariestomakeprogress.Giventhis,privateforestlandownershaveanimportantroletoplayinidentifyingandtreatinginvasivespeciesontheirlands.Littleisknown,however,abouttheextenttowhichprivateforestlandownersareawareof,concernedabout,and/orwillingtoundertakeactionstoremoveinvasiveforestspecies.Tobegintoanswerthisquestion,weanalyzedatafromanationalsurveyofprivateforestlandownersadministeredbytheU.S.ForestService(NationalWoodlandOwnerSurvey).WefocusonrespondentsinMN,WIandMIandexaminefactorsassociatedwithpastinvasivespeciestreatmentactionsandfutureintentionstotreatforestinvasives.Surveyresponsesindicatethat20%ofrespondentsintheNorthwoodshadundertakensomeformofactivitytoeliminateorreduceinvasiveforestspeciesinthepast5years,while26%indicateanintentiontodosointhecoming5years.Factorsassociatedwiththesebehaviors,suchasdemographicsandotherlandmanagementpracticesareexaminedwithinthecontextoftheseinvasivespeciestreatmentbehaviors.
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Utilizing real-world adaptive solutions in the Lakes States: Examples from Florence County Wisconsin & Superior National Forest Minnesota DonaldPeterson*;MarcellaWindmuller‐Campione,UniversityofMinnesota
Thispresentationwillhighlighttwoprojectsexploringstrategiestomitigateimpactsfromclimatechange.Thefirstprojectwasimplementedonapproximately400acresofscruboakforestoftheFlorenceCountyForestlocatedinFlorenceCounty,Wisconsin.TheAdaptationWorkbookwasusedtodesigntheproject.Thestandsincludedintheprojectareahadalreadyexperiencedsignificant(90%)mortalityduetoacombinationofdroughtandotherfactors,andthesestressorsareexpectedtobecomemoreintenseinthefuture.Thisprojectinvolvesplantingawidevarietyoftreespeciesthatareprojectedtobefavoredunderarangeoffutureclimates.Additionally,theprojectincludesafirst‐everdemonstrationofsoilamendmentwithwoodashandbiocharinaforestecosystemintheregion.Discussionwillincludetechniquesusedtoapplythewoodashandbiocharandinitialresultsofthemonitoringactivities.ThisprojectisacollaborativeeffortbetweentheSustainableResourcesInstitute,theNorthernInstituteofAppliedClimateScience,MichiganTechnologicalUniversity,FlorenceCountyForest,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandVersoPaper.ThesecondprojectwasimplementedontheSuperiorNationalForestinnorthernMinnesota.Theprojectisexploringimpactsofadditions,includingbiochar,ongrowthandsurvivalofjackpineseedlings.Exploringthesealternativesilviculturalstrategieswillhopefullyaddanothertoolinour“toolbox”foradaptingtoclimatechange.
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Poster Only
Effectiveness monitoring of stream simulation design road-stream crossings yields unexpected ecological benefits SueEggert*
AsseenintheJuly2016stormeventsinnorthernWisconsinandMinnesota,increasingstormmagnitudesandfrequenciesandundersizedculvertsareresultinginmajorflooding,morefailedroad‐streamcrossings,economiclossesduetoclosedtransportationroutes,andimpairedaquaticcommunities.Streamsimulationdesignisageomorphicandecologically‐basedapproachtodesigningroad‐streamcrossingsthatmimicnaturalchannelstructure,sedimentcharacteristics,watervelocity,anddepths.Researchexamininghabitatandfoodwebresponsesassociatedwithroad‐streamcrossingrestorationsusingstreamsimulationdesigninthenorthernGreatLakesregionhasdemonstratedimprovementsinbasalfoodresources(algae,fineandveryfineparticulateorganicmatter,leafandsmallwoodstandingcrops)withinredesignedculvertsfollowingrestoration.Improvedhabitatasaresultoftheshiftfromnosubstrateorsand/siltsubstrateinunrestoredculvertstopredominantlycobbleandpebblesubstratesinstreamsimulationculvertshasledtoincreasedinvertebrateandfishabundance(brooktroutandsculpin)withinrestoredroad‐streamcrossings.Additionalfoodresourcesalongwithimprovedhabitatavailabletoinvertebratesandfishmayresultinincreasedbiologicalproductivityofamphibiansandmammalsinaquaticandriparianecosystemsnearroad‐streamcrossings.Althoughaquaticorganismpassageandfloodresiliencyhasbeentheprimarydesignprioritiesofstreamsimulationdesign,ourworkinnorthernGreatLakesstreamshasdemonstratedunexpectedecologicalbenefitsofimprovedfoodwebfunctionassociatedwithstreamsimulationdesignroad‐streamcrossings.
*USDAForestService,[email protected]
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Acknowledgements Wearegratefultoeveryonewhohelpedtomakethisyear’sForestryandWildlifeResearchReviewasuccess.
TheResearchReviewplanningcommitteeconsistingofPaulDubuque,GeorgeHost,MikeKilgore,MikeLarson,BrianPalik,andRobSlesakhelpedtoidentifytopicsandspeakersandprovidedvaluableinputontheformat.
SpeakersandposterpresentersCharlieBlinn,JosephBump,AndyDavid,SueEggert,AlexisGrinde,DanHeins,GeorgeHost,SeanJohnson‐Bice,BradJones,MikeKilgore,RandyKolka,JacobOlbrich,StephaniePatton,DonaldPeterson,CharlotteRoy,MattRussell,BillSea,RobSlesak,andStephanieSnydergenerouslydevelopedanddeliveredpresentationstranslatingtheirresearchintorelevant,practicalresultsthatwehopeyoucanuse.CloquetForestryCenterstaffSimonClark,ZacharyCrow,AndyDavid,ChuckKramer,StephanieOberg,JoeUlsby,andDeniseVolkcontributedtotheevent.MealswereprovidedbyJimnJo’sNorthlandKateringofCloquet.
Asaneducationalcooperative,theSFECdependsonthecontinuedinvestmentofourmemberorganizationsandindividuals,whosecontributionsenableustooffereventslikethisone.WearealsosupportedbytheUniversityofMinnesotaCollegeofFood,Agriculture,andNaturalResourceSciencesandtheCloquetForestryCenter.
Andfinally,withoutyourregistrationandparticipation,theeventwouldhavebeensignificantlylessinteresting.Thankyouforjoiningustoday.
‐EliSagorandJulieHendrickson
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SFEC Member Organizations for 2016-2017 AitkinCountyLandDepartmentAitkinCountySWCDBeltramiCountyNaturalResourceMgmtBureauofIndianAffairs,MidwestRegionCampRipleyNaturalResourcesCarltonCountyLandDepartmentCarltonCountySWCDCassCountyLandDepartmentChequamegon‐NicoletNationalForest(USFS)ChippewaNationalForest(USFS)ClearwaterCountyLandDepartmentCrowWingCountyLandDepartmentFondDuLacReservationGrandPortageBandofChippewaHubbardCountyNaturalResourceMgmtItascaCommunityCollegeItascaCountyLandDepartmentItascaCountySWCDKoochichingCountyLand&ForestryLakeCountyLandDepartmentMilleLacsBandofOjibweMNAssociationofCountyLandCommissionersMNDNR‐DivisionofForestryMNDNR‐ForestStewardshipPlanwriters
MNDNR‐ DivisionofEcological&WaterResources
MNDNR‐SectionofWildlifeMNForestResourcesCouncilMinnesotaForestIndustriesMolpusTimberlandLLCPineCountySWCDPotlatchCorporationRedLakeTribalDNRSappiFinePaperSouthSt.LouisCountySWCDSt.John’sUniversityArboretumSt.LouisCountyLandDepartmentSuperiorNationalForest(USFS)TheNatureConservancy–MNChapterUMDNaturalResourcesResearchInstituteUMNExtensionForestryUMNDept.ofForestResourcesUPMBlandinPaperCompanyWadenaCountySWCDWhiteEarthTribalForestryWIDNRDivisionofForestryVermilionCommunityCollege
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