2018 indiana eeco program em&v report · 2019-11-05 · this report addresses the measuring,...

2018 Indiana EECO Program EM&V Report

Prepared for: Indiana Michigan Power

May 2019

Prepared by:

ADM Associates, Inc. 3239 Ramos Circle

Sacramento, CA95827 916.363.8383

Indiana Michigan Power Company

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1

2. Data Collection ........................................................................................... 6

3. Method for Determining Energy Savings ................................................. 11

4. Daily Energy Savings and CVR Factors ................................................... 15

5. Aggregate Energy Savings ........................................................................ 59

6. Peak Reduction ......................................................................................... 87


Table of Tables Table 1-1. Customer Class Composition of Circuits in EECO Program ........................................ 2 Table 1-2. PY2018 kWh Usage at Meter, by Circuit and Customer Class ..................................... 3 Table 1-3. Summary of Ex Post and Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings .................................. 5 Table 1-4. Summary of Ex Post PY2018 kW Peak Demand Impacts ............................................ 5 Table 2-1. PY2018 Months When VVO Was in Operation by Station .......................................... 6 Table 2-2 Number of PY2018 VVO On/Off Days by Station by Day Type During Heating

Season ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Table 2-3 Number of PY2018 VVO On/Off Days by Station by Day Type During Cooling

Season ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Table 3-1. Normal Heating and Cooling Days for South Bend, by Month ................................. 13 Table 4-1 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week:

East Side Substation, 4093121 Circuit.................................................................................. 16 Table 4-2 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week:





East Side Substation, 4093126 Circuit ................................................................................. 21 Table 4-7 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week:

Elcona Substation, 4938121 Circuit ..................................................................................... 22 Table 4-8 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week:



Hacienda Substation, 4933521 Circuit ................................................................................. 25 Table 4-11 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week:






Harper Substation, 4928821 Circuit..................................................................................... 31 Table 4-17 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week:

Harper Substation, 4928822 Circuit..................................................................................... 32


Table 4-18 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Lincoln Substation, 4051821 Circuit .................................................................................... 33



Table 4-21 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Northland Substation, 4933421 Circuit ................................................................................ 36






Table 4-27 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Osolo Substation, 4058021 Circuit ....................................................................................... 42






Table 4-33 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: South Bend Substation, 4050321 Circuit .............................................................................. 48



Table 4-36 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: South Side Substation, 4099921 Circuit ............................................................................... 51



Table 4-39 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation, 4923321 Circuit ................................................................................... 54

Table 4-40 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation, 4923322 Circuit ................................................................................... 55


Table 4-41 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: State Street Substation, 4928721 Circuit .............................................................................. 56



Table 5-1 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: East Side Substation .............................................................................................................................. 59

Table 5-2 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Elcona Substation .............................................................................................................................. 60

Table 5-3 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Hacienda Substation .............................................................................................................................. 61

Table 5-4 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Harper Substation .............................................................................................................................. 63

Table 5-5 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Lincoln Substation .............................................................................................................................. 63

Table 5-6 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Northland Substation .............................................................................................................................. 64

Table 5-7 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Osolo Substation .............................................................................................................................. 66

Table 5-8 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: South Bend Substation .............................................................................................................................. 67

Table 5-9 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: South Side Substation .............................................................................................................................. 68

Table 5-10 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation .............................................................................................................................. 69

Table 5-11 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: State Street Substation .............................................................................................................................. 70

Table 5-12 Summary of PY2018 kWh Savings by Substation and Circuit .................................... 70 Table 5-13 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: East Side Substation............................................................................................... 73 Table 5-14 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: Elcona Substation .................................................................................................. 74 Table 5-15 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: Hacienda Substation .............................................................................................. 75 Table 5-16 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: Harper Substation .................................................................................................. 76 Table 5-17 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: Lincoln Substation ................................................................................................. 77 Table 5-18 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: Northland Substation ............................................................................................. 78 Table 5-19 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: Osolo Substation .................................................................................................... 79 Table 5-20 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day

of Week: South Bend Substation ........................................................................................... 81


Table 5-21 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: South Side Substation ............................................................................................. 82

Table 5-22 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation ................................................................................................ 83

Table 5-23 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: State Street Substation ........................................................................................... 83

Table 5-24 Summary of Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Has VVO Always Been On by Substation and Circuit .......................................................................................................... 84

Table 6-1. kW Reduction during PY2018 I&M 5CP ................................................................... 87 Table 6-2. Summary of kW Reductions during I&M 5CP Events ............................................... 88


1. Introduction This report addresses the measuring, verifying and evaluating of energy savings and demand reductions that resulted from the implementation by Indiana Michigan Power Company (I&M) in 2018 of its Electric Energy Consumption Optimization (EECO) Program. I&M implemented this program in conjunction with Utilidata, Inc.

1.1 Description of Program

Under ANSI Standard C84.1 Electric Power Systems and Equipment, a utility system is to deliver electricity to end-users at a voltage within the range of 120 +/- 5% volts (i.e., 114 – 126). With the usual system design, customers close to a substation receive voltages closer to 126 volts and customers farther from the substation receive lower voltages. Voltage regulating equipment is applied as necessary to ensure the required minimum voltages are provided.

The EECO program is based on implementing Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR), which is a process by which the utility systematically reduces voltages in its distribution network, resulting in a proportional reduction of load on the network. Because most devices operated by electricity (especially motors) are designed to operate most efficiently at 115 volts, any “excess” voltage is typically wasted, usually in the form of heat. Tighter voltage regulation allows end-use devices to operate more efficiently without any action on the part of consumers. Consumers receive a lower but still acceptable voltage and use less energy to accomplish the same tasks.

Table 1-1 identifies the customer class composition of the VVO circuits.


Table 1-1. Customer Class Composition of Circuits in EECO Program

Substation Circuit ID Account Class Description

Total Commercial Industrial Residential

East Side

4093121 70 0 975 1,045

4093122 109 0 2,335 2,444

4093123 189 6 2,007 2,202

4093124 78 0 1,925 2,003

4093125 197 5 2,312 2,514

4093126 52 0 200 252

Elcona 4938121 28 50 0 78

4938122 33 15 69 117

4938123 203 50 1,802 2,055

Grabill 4935221 97 29 398 524

4935222 291 7 2,089 2,387

4935223 N/A N/A N/A 0

Hacienda

4933521 64 2 1,441 1,507

4933523 62 0 1,537 1,599

4933524 24 0 1,510 1,534

4933525 116 0 1,872 1,988

4933526 98 0 2,192 2,290

4933527 224 0 593 817

Harper 4928821 211 14 1,221 1,446

4928822 208 8 1,913 2,129

Lincoln 4051821 341 14 1423 1,778

4051822 255 2 1833 2,090

4051824 122 9 161 292

Northland

4933421 47 56 77 180

4933422 42 1 999 1,042

4933423 34 49 235 318

4933424 46 9 387 442

4933425 126 13 1,414 1,553

4933426 73 0 1,068 1,141

Osolo

4058021 142 45 272 459

4058022 120 11 1,219 1,350

4058023 262 27 1,056 1,345

4058024 297 25 989 1,311

4058025 159 6 800 965

4058026 53 32 604 689

South Bend 4050321 269 2 2,162 2,433

4050322 172 0 1,756 1,928

4050323 143 0 1,273 1,416




South Side 4099921 215 9 867 1,091

4099922 233 9 1,330 1,572

4099923 1953 307 12,432 14,692

Spy Run 4923321 285 11 1,519 1,815

4923322 57 4 382 443

State Street 4928721 244 3 1,811 2,058

4928722 174 0 1,295 1,469

4928723 39 0 1,033 1,072 Total 8,257 830 64,788 73,875

Annual energy usage at the meter, by circuit and customer class is presented below in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2. PY2018 kWh Usage at Meter, by Circuit and Customer Class



East Side

4093121 1,785,753.20 0.00 7,412,901.83 9,198,655

4093122 9,394,758.95 0.00 17,159,981.75 26,554,741

4093123 10,287,723.56 1,371,888.98 16,675,211.35 28,334,824

4093124 6,136,908.31 0.00 16,093,144.40 22,230,053

4093125 4,646,029.98 49,504.17 17,313,933.13 22,009,467

4093126 15,904,140.73 0.00 1,647,939.01 17,552,080

Elcona 4938121 1,421,806.46 24,499,607.05 0.00 25,921,414

4938122 1,480,738.70 20,303,439.00 762,079.30 22,546,257

4938123 8,809,816.67 22,130,577.00 16,022,058.89 46,962,453

Grabill 4935221 3,827,131.05 13,780,167.46 3,805,775.80 21,413,074

4935222 12,052,347.81 719,084.00 28,048,817.45 40,820,249

4935223 N/A N/A N/A 0

Hacienda

4933521 3,271,389.64 42,836.00 13,757,511.86 17,071,738

4933523 1,965,257.33 0.00 15,338,059.23 17,303,317

4933524 850,143.08 0.00 16,780,940.68 17,631,084

4933525 9,469,018.04 0.00 18,737,795.53 28,206,814

4933526 1,545,357.60 0.00 23,485,053.11 25,030,411

4933527 24,587,199.41 0.00 7,337,498.18 31,924,698

Harper 4928821 5,678,880.34 16,778,981.00 10,148,824.02 32,606,685

4928822 17,358,801.65 766,775.00 20,072,772.12 38,198,349

Lincoln 4051821 16,442,491.47 3,994,015.00 11,709,281.65 32,145,788

4051822 15,518,356.84 28,947.69 15,118,970.58 30,666,275

4051824 17,301,822.88 1,898,561.23 1,620,993.84 20,821,378 Northland 4933421 5,788,784.09 15,726,081.08 622,168.64 22,137,034




4933422 4,186,451.31 542.77 10,701,680.45 14,888,675

4933423 3,764,868.08 22,004,434.46 2,157,484.52 27,926,787

4933424 2,072,818.24 19,542,240.92 3,704,182.78 25,319,242

4933425 3,467,732.40 1,599,818.00 16,519,501.59 21,587,052

4933426 4,362,414.20 0.00 11,451,603.53 15,814,018

Osolo

4058021 14,957,646.96 7,298,413.38 2,311,322.15 24,567,382

4058022 1,216,331.00 13,941,919.38 9,616,340.41 24,774,591

4058023 15,435,746.87 4,149,168.47 10,094,136.85 29,679,052

4058024 23,177,338.80 6,246,679.00 7,141,801.55 36,565,819

4058025 3,195,791.05 4,899,078.00 7,244,862.63 15,339,732

4058026 2,105,384.55 16,369,953.31 6,212,936.70 24,688,275

South Bend 4050321 24,014,071.55 379,240.00 15,786,833.36 40,180,145

4050322 10,988,521.82 0.00 13,352,927.46 24,341,449

4050323 8,031,112.76 0.00 10,399,406.66 18,430,519

South Side 4099921 21,023,737.04 2,701,597.00 9,187,981.48 32,913,316

4099922 19,425,033.13 3,507,890.00 13,062,650.24 35,995,573

4099923 2,363,579.46 3,179,171.34 10,966,056.17 16,508,807

Spy Run 4923321 29,522,126.15 662,519.10 9,890,612.87 40,075,258

4923322 4,206,119.00 46,106,823.00 2,304,026.12 52,616,968

State Street 4928721 24,614,846.36 21,447.00 14,658,799.68 39,295,093

4928722 11,584,479.32 0.00 12,789,778.21 24,374,258

4928723 2,033,367.00 0.00 10,068,643.41 12,102,010

Total 431,274,175

274,701,400

489,295,281

1,195,270,856

Voltage is controlled for the circuits at the substations using Utilidata’s AdaptiVolt Volt/VAR Optimization (VVO) platform. AdaptiVolt uses secure digital communications to implement a closed-loop control system. Using AdaptiVolt allows I&M to dispatch voltage-based demand control within seconds. The system measures end-of-line voltage and sends the voltage information back to the controller at the substation in real time.

Using the AdaptiVolt™ system, voltages were controlled for each of the three phases being distributed to the circuits served by the substation. Thus, the voltage for Phase A was the same for all three circuits, and similarly for Phases B and C.

1.2 Impact Evaluation Findings

Table 1-3 below presents the total aggregated annual gross and net energy (kWh) savings achieved by the EECO Program during PY2018. Table 1-3 also provides an estimate of the annual net kWh savings that might have been achieved if VVO had been operated continuously during a full year.


Table 1-3. Summary of Ex Post and Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings

Ex Ante Annual

Gross kWh Savings

Ex Post Annual

Gross kWh Savings

Gross Realization

Rate

Ex Post Annual

Net kWh Savings

Net-to-Gross Ratio

Counterfactual Estimated

Annual kWh Savings-100% CVR On Time

13,795,795 10,526,559 76% 10,526,559 100% 24,496,566

Table 1-4 presents the total gross and net peak demand (kW) impacts achieved by the EECO Program during PY2018.

Table 1-4. Summary of Ex Post PY2018 kW Peak Demand Impacts

Ex Ante Gross Peak kW Reduction

Ex Post Gross Peak kW Reduction

Gross Realization Rate

Ex Post Net Peak kW Reduction

Net-to-Gross Ratio

4,290.49 945.05 22% 945.05 100%

1.3 Organization of Report

This report is organized as follows:

Chapter 2: Data Collection

Chapter 3: Method for Determining Energy Savings

Chapter 4: Daily Energy Savings and CVR Factors

Chapter 5: Aggregate Energy Savings

Chapter 6: Peak Reduction


2. Data Collection The effects of voltage optimization for the stations in the 2018 EECO program were analyzed using data on voltages and power demands.

I&M and Utilidata used an “on/off” procedure for voltage reductions during various parts of the year.1 This procedure provides data sets with measurements of voltages and energy use that include both regular voltages (measured on “off” ‘days) and reduced voltages (measured on “on” days).

Table 2-1 shows the months when VVO was in operation for the different stations during 2018.

Table 2-1. PY2018 Months When VVO Was in Operation by Station

Station PY2018 Months of Scheduled VVO Operation

East Side All Year Elcona January-June, October - December Grabill January and December Hacienda All Year Harper September - December Lincoln September - December South Bend January - March

Spy Run January - July, October - December State Street

January - May, September - December

Northland September - December Osolo August - December South Side September - December

1 For discussion of “on/off” testing, see, for example, Pacific Northwest Regional Technical Forum, Standard Protocol #1 for Automated CVR, November 2011.


Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 show the numbers of “on” and “off” days during 2018 by circuit during the heating and cooling season, respectively.

Table 2-2 Number of PY2018 VVO On/Off Days by Station by Day Type During Heating Season

Circuit

ID

Days by VVO Status Total Days Substation Weekday Weekend Holidays

VVO On VVO Off VVO On VVO Off VVO On VVO Off

East Side

4093121 142 49 67 11 0 4 273 4093122 141 50 65 13 0 4 273 4093123 140 51 67 11 0 4 273 4093124 131 60 63 15 0 4 273 4093125 130 61 62 16 0 4 273 4093126 131 60 64 14 0 4 273

Elcona 4938121 119 72 53 25 0 4 273 4938122 119 72 53 25 0 4 273 4938123 119 72 53 25 0 4 273

Grabill 4935221 1 190 0 78 0 4 273 4935222 1 190 0 78 0 4 273 4935223 0 191 0 78 0 4 273

Hacienda

4933521 110 81 48 30 0 4 273 4933523 110 81 48 30 0 4 273 4933524 110 81 48 30 0 4 273 4933525 41 150 19 59 0 4 273 4933526 41 150 19 59 0 4 273 4933527 41 150 19 59 0 4 273

Harper 4928821 49 142 22 56 0 4 273 4928822 49 142 22 56 0 4 273

Lincoln 4051821 29 162 13 65 0 4 273 4051822 29 162 13 65 0 4 273 4051824 29 162 13 65 0 4 273

Northland

4933421 46 145 15 63 0 4 273 4933422 57 134 25 53 0 4 273 4933423 57 134 25 53 0 4 273 4933424 53 138 23 55 0 4 273 4933425 53 138 23 55 0 4 273 4933426 53 138 23 55 0 4 273

Osolo

4058021 63 128 28 50 0 4 273 4058022 63 128 28 50 0 4 273 4058023 63 128 28 50 0 4 273 4058024 49 142 23 55 0 4 273

4058025 49 142 23 55 0 4 273


Circuit

ID



4058026 49 142 23 55 0 4 273

South Bend 4050321 30 161 15 63 0 4 273 4050322 30 161 14 64 0 4 273 4050323 31 160 15 63 0 4 273

South Side 4099921 66 125 29 49 0 4 273 4099922 66 125 29 49 0 4 273 4099923 66 125 29 49 0 4 273

Spy Run 4923321 117 74 54 24 0 4 273 4923322 114 77 52 26 0 4 273

State Street 4928721 86 105 39 39 0 4 273 4928722 86 105 39 39 0 4 273 4928723 86 105 39 39 0 4 273

Table 2-3 Number of PY2018 VVO On/Off Days by Station by Day Type During Cooling Season

Circuit

ID



East Side

4093121 37 28 16 10 0 1 92 4093122 33 32 13 13 0 1 92 4093123 32 33 14 12 0 1 92 4093124 29 36 12 14 0 1 92 4093125 33 32 11 15 0 1 92 4093126 38 27 14 12 0 1 92

Elcona 4938121 6 59 3 23 0 1 92 4938122 6 59 3 23 0 1 92 4938123 6 59 59 (33) 0 1 92

Grabill 4935221 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4935222 0 65 0 26 0 1 92


Circuit

ID


VVO On VVO Off VVO On VVO Off VVO On VVO Off 4935223 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

Hacienda

4933521 22 43 8 18 0 1 92 4933523 22 43 8 18 0 1 92 4933524 22 43 8 18 0 1 92 4933525 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933526 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933527 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

Harper 4928821 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4928822 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

Lincoln 4051821 1 64 0 26 0 1 92 4051822 1 64 0 26 0 1 92 4051824 1 64 0 26 0 1 92

Northland

4933421 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933422 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933423 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933424 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933425 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4933426 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

Osolo

4058021 6 59 2 24 0 1 92 4058022 6 59 2 24 0 1 92 4058023 6 59 2 24 0 1 92 4058024 4 61 1 25 0 1 92 4058025 4 61 1 25 0 1 92 4058026 4 61 1 25 0 1 92

South Bend 4050321 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4050322 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4050323 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

South Side 4099921 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4099922 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4099923 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

Spy Run 4923321 18 47 8 18 0 1 92 4923322 18 47 8 18 0 1 92

State Street 4928721 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4928722 0 65 0 26 0 1 92 4928723 0 65 0 26 0 1 92

Data for the following elements were collected and stored with the AdaptiVolt™ system during the year.


Regulated source voltages by phase,

Total feeder current by phase,

kW by phase,

kvar by phase, and

Primary voltages at or near the end of the distribution feeders by phase

During 2018, data were collected for regulated source voltages by phase and power by circuit. Voltage and power were measured at 15-minute intervals, giving 4 data-points per hour for each element. Voltages were measured at the substation level for three phases, with the voltage for a phase being the same for the three circuits. The circuit-level voltage for each time interval was calculated from the mean of the phase-level voltage.

Temperature readings were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and used for the analysis.


3. Method for Determining Energy Savings This chapter discusses the method used for analysis of data to determine energy savings from voltage reduction.

3.1 Protocols for CVR Analysis

Methods for using circuit-level data on voltages and power usage to measure and verify savings from voltage reductions are set out in several existing protocols. Because much of the early work on voltage reduction was performed in the Pacific Northwest, the Northwest Regional Technical Forum (RTF) managed a process to prepare a protocol for estimating savings from automated CVR. This protocol (Automated CVR Protocol No. 1) was approved by the RTF in 2004. The RTF approved a second protocol (Simplified Voltage Optimization Protocol) in 2010.

With the RTF protocols, savings resulting from voltage reduction are estimated by multiplying a change in voltage level by a CVR factor that reflects the estimated relationship between voltage reduction and energy reduction. For application of the protocols in the Pacific Northwest, load research data were used to develop a series of lookup tables with CVR values for participating utilities. However, these CVR values depend on load and weather conditions and end-use equipment saturations (e.g., air conditioning use) that are specific to the Pacific Northwest.

An enhanced version of the RTF protocols has been developed by a CVR working group in Pennsylvania. Using data collected for utility distribution circuits in Pennsylvania, the working group developed a Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) Custom Measurement Protocol for Demand Reduction. (Revised version was published September 21, 2011.)

3.2 Method for Determining kWh Savings

As shown by Equation 1, the kWh savings that result from voltage reduction can be quantified as the difference between a baseline energy use (when voltage is not reduced) and actual energy use when voltage is reduced.

kWh savings = kWhBaseline – kWhActual when VVO is “on” (1)

The energy use when VVO is “on” can be measured. However, baseline energy use is essentially “counterfactual”: what would the energy use have been during the given time period were VVO “off”.

3.2.1 Determining Baseline Voltages

Baseline voltages for hours when VVO was “on” were imputed using mean values of voltages when VVO was “off”. These mean values were calculated for each circuit for cells defined by season (i.e., heating, cooling), type of day (i.e., weekday, weekend), and hour of day. For each hour that VVO was “on”, the baseline voltage was imputed to be the “off” voltage from the cell similarly defined by season x type of day x hour of day. For example, the baseline voltage for 1 PM on a weekday during the heating season when VVO was “on” was imputed to be the mean voltage calculated from voltage readings for the 1 PM hour for weekdays in the heating season when VVO was “off”.


3.2.2 Determining Baseline Power

Power for a circuit is not completely independent from voltage changes because not all loads react in the same way to a voltage change. Various studies have shown that the energy savings that result from voltage reduction depend on the characteristics and loads of a feeder.

Some loads are characterized by constant impedance, where power consumed is proportional to voltage squared. Examples of such loads include incandescent lighting, resistive water heaters, stovetop and oven cooking loads.

Other loads are constant power, where demand is constant regardless of voltage. Examples of constant power loads include electric motors and regulated power supplies.

A relatively small percentage of loads are constant current, where demand is proportional to voltage. Examples of constant current loads include welding units, smelting, and electroplating processes.

The overall load on a feeder will be a mix of the different load types. Rules of thumb for the split between constant power and constant impedance loads are as follows2:

For summer peak loads, 60% constant power and 40% constant impedance

For winter peak loads, 40% constant power and 60% constant impedance

For industrial loads, 80% constant power and 20% constant impedance

For summer peaking residential loads, 70% constant power and 30% constant impedance

For winter peaking residential loads, 30% constant power and 70% constant impedance

For commercial loads, the split between constant power and constant impedance is generally 50%/50% or 60%/40%

Regression analysis was used to relate circuit power data to month of year, voltage and ambient temperature. The regression model used is shown in Equation (2).

Poweri = α + β1,jDummyMonth j + β2Vi + β3Ti + ei (2)

A model of this form was estimated for each hour of the day. For each period i within an hour, Poweri is the measured kW, Vi is the voltage, Ti is the ambient temperature (in degrees Celsius), DummyMonth,j are indicator (0,1) variables for whether an observation is in month j, ei is the error term, and α, β 1j, β2, and β3 are the regression coefficients being estimated.

Ambient temperature was included in the regression to account for variation in heating and/or cooling requirements across the year. Table 3-1 shows the variation across months in “normal” heating and cooling degree days for South Bend, the station chosen as most representative for the Indiana stations.

2 Willis, H. Lee, Power Distribution Planning Reference Book.


Table 3-1. Normal Heating and Cooling Days for South Bend, by Month

Month Normal Heating

Degree Days

Normal Cooling

Degree Days January 1,290 0 February 1,089 0 March 853 0 April 501 0 May 167 0 June 0 120 July 0 247 August 0 186 September 64 16 October 400 0 November 747 0 December 1,125 0

Correlations of kW data with temperatures on a month-by-month basis showed positive correlations for six months (i.e., May through October) and negative correlations for the other six (i.e., January through April, November, December). Based on the evidence from the heating and cooling degree day data and the power-temperature correlations, two seasons were defined for the analysis. The heating season includes the months of January through April and October through December. The cooling season includes the months of May through September.

For each circuit, hourly regression models using the specification in Equation (2) were estimated. Separate models were estimated for two seasons (i.e., heating, cooling), where applicable, and the impact of day type was accounted for by the models.

The value for β2 estimated through the regression analysis shows how power on a circuit change in response to a change in voltage (controlling for month of year and weather).

3.2.3 Determining Energy Savings

The reduction in kW demand for a circuit when VVO was “on” was calculated as shown in Equation (3).

kW Reduction = Base_kW - Actual_kW (3)

The values for kW Reduction within an hour were averaged. This average kW Reduction was applied to determine kWh savings in each hour. The hourly values for Base_Volts, Base_kW, Actual_Volts, Actual_kW, and kWh savings were then averaged by type of day (weekday, weekend) and hour-of-the-day.

3.2.4 Determining CVR Factors

The results from studies of voltage reduction are often summarized in terms of a conservation voltage reduction factor (CVFf). A CVRf measures the relationship between changes in energy in


response to changes in voltage effected under the CVR program. Mathematically, CVRf is calculated as the ratio between the percentage change in energy and the percentage change in voltage, as shown in Equation (4).

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 = %∆ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒%∆ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒

(4)

where %∆ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = ΔkWh/kWhBase and %∆ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = ΔVolts/VoltsBase. ΔkWh is kWh savings and ΔVolts is the voltage reduction.

3.3 Method to Calculate Aggregate Annual kWh Savings

The method described in Section 3.2 provides estimates by hour of the day of the average kWh savings that result from VVO voltage reduction. Multiplying an hour-of-the-day estimate of savings by the number of hours voltage was reduced during that hour of the day during the season provides an aggregate estimate of kWh savings. Summing the hourly kWh savings across hours of the day and type of day provides kWh savings for the whole season. These savings are those that occurred on the days when VVO was “on”.

VVO was not “on” for all hours during the year. An additional calculation is therefore made to determine what kWh savings would have been had VVO been “on” for all days during the year This calculation is made by multiplying the hour-of-the-day estimates of savings by season and type of day by the total number of those hours of the day in the season / type of day category and then summing these kWh savings across hours of the day and type of day for each season.


4. Daily Energy Savings and CVR Factors This chapter presents and discusses the results from the analysis of data for the Indiana EECO program in 2018 to determine kWh savings and CVR factors associated with voltage reduction for the various circuits and phases.

For each circuit, kWh savings and CVR factors were calculated for each hour-of-the-day for weekdays and for weekend days for both heating and cooling seasons. For each of the two voltage conditions (i.e., VVO “on” or “off”), the 24 hour-of-the-day power demand values were aggregated to give daily totals for power usage. The percentage savings from reducing voltage was calculated and divided by the percentage reduction in voltage to provide the estimate of the daily CVR factor for a day. The resulting estimates of daily MEMD-compliant kWh savings and CVR factors for the various phases of the circuits and phases of the substation are reported in Table 4-1 through Table 4-43.3 The resulting estimates of daily kWh savings and CVR factors for the various circuits / phases of the stations are reported in this section. The estimated CVR factors show a range of values, which is consistent with evidence from previous studies of the voltage reduction strategy. Results reported from previous studies show the range of CVR factors that have been estimated.

Kirshner and Giorsetto4 analyzed trials of voltage reduction at several utilities in the early 1980s. Their analysis showed that most test circuits had energy savings of between 0.5 and 1% for each 1% voltage reduction, implying CVR factors of 0.5 to 1. Their regression analysis showed that each 1% reduction in voltage resulted in energy savings of 0.76% for residential loads, of 0.99% for commercial loads, and of 0.41% for industrial loads.

More recently, a study conducted for the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) evaluated voltage reduction at several utilities in the Pacific Northwest.5 Evaluation of voltage changes at the circuit level, using temperature adjusted regressions, gave an average CVR factor of 0.69 based on a voltage change of 2.5%. The range of CVR factors was -0.11 to 1.98.

In EPRI’s Green Circuits collaborative project6, 42 distribution circuits across different utilities were modeled in detail using an open-source distribution system electrical simulation package (OpenDSS). This modeling was augmented with historical circuit-measurement data, allowing the hourly resolution simulation of circuit operation for actual load patterns for each hour in a calendar year (8760 hours). As part of the study, the effects of voltage reduction were modeled using a consistent approach to control an end-of-line

3 Daily CVR factor tables are not presented for Grabill circuits. For these circuits, voltage patterns did not appear to demonstrate typical CVR on states. For a number of other circuits, CVR factors are only presented for the heating season because cooling season voltage patterns did not appear to demonstrate typical CVR on states. 4 Kirshner, D. and Giorsetto, P., "Statistical Tests of Energy Savings Due to Voltage Reduction," IEEE Transactions

on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-103, no. 6, pp. 1205-10, June 1984. 5 NEEA 1207, Distribution Efficiency Initiative, Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, 2007. 6 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Green Circuit: Distribution Efficiency Case Studies, Technical Report,

2011.


primary bus of 118 V. The results showed a median reduction in energy consumption across all circuits of 2%, with upper and lower quartiles of 1.3% and 2.8%.

In the study that was sponsored by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA), it was found that there are differences between seasons in the effectiveness of voltage reduction. The study determined that the CVR factor at the feeder level was 0.74 for the summer and 0.66 for the winter. At the customer level, the CVR factor was 0.78 for the summer and 0.51 for the winter.

As part of the EPRI Green Circuit project, extensive field testing was conducted for nine distribution circuits in the southeast United States. The analysis in this study showed that most energy savings from voltage reduction were achieved from summer-peaking residential customers, while winter heating loads showed the least energy savings. The estimated CVR factors were 0.77 for the summer and 0.33 for the winter.

Table 4-1 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: East Side Substation, 4093121 Circuit

Phase Season Day of Week Measure

Average Daily Average Daily Difference % Difference

Estimated Daily

VVO Off VVO On (Off – On) CVR Factor

Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 8,915.39 8,627.62 287.77 3.23%

1.21 Volts 125.10 121.76 3.33 2.66%

Weekend kWh 8,879.74 8,580.41 299.33 3.37%

1.22 Volts 125.09 121.62 3.47 2.77%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 9,097.95 8,702.23 395.73 4.35%

1.85 Volts 125.01 122.07 2.94 2.35%

Weekend kWh 9,376.14 9,017.70 358.44 3.82%

1.79 Volts 124.90 122.23 2.67 2.13%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 9,374.78 9,044.58 330.19 3.52%

1.28 Volts 125.14 121.70 3.44 2.75%

Weekend kWh 9,346.11 9,008.70 337.40 3.61%

1.28 Volts 125.13 121.61 3.52 2.81%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 10,242.13 9,826.99 415.15 4.05%

1.71 Volts 125.04 122.07 2.97 2.37%

Weekend kWh 10,736.78 10,309.97 426.81 3.98%

1.63 Volts 125.06 122.01 3.05 2.44%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 8,148.42 7,801.61 346.81 4.26%

1.20 Volts 125.31 120.88 4.43 3.53%

Weekend kWh 8,118.62 7,757.22 361.40 4.45%

1.21 Volts 125.37 120.76 4.61 3.68%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 8,888.61 8,429.50 459.11 5.17%

1.58 Volts 124.97 120.90 4.07 3.26%

Weekend kWh 9,491.93 9,006.34 485.59 5.12%

1.49 Volts 125.25 120.95 4.31 3.44%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 24,427.77 23,404.64 1,023.14 4.19%

1.56 Volts 125.10 121.74 3.36 2.68%

Weekend kWh 24,452.47 23,397.41 1,055.05 4.31%

1.56 Volts 125.09 121.62 3.46 2.77%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 28,669.53 27,524.66 1,144.87 3.99%

1.69 Volts 124.99 122.03 2.96 2.37%

Weekend kWh 28,776.80 27,586.59 1,190.21 4.14%

1.68 Volts 124.93 121.86 3.07 2.46%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 22,923.72 22,087.63 836.09 3.65%

1.32 Volts 125.14 121.68 3.46 2.77%

Weekend kWh 22,778.06 21,929.07 848.99 3.73%

1.33 Volts 125.12 121.60 3.52 2.81%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 26,690.54 25,748.03 942.51 3.53%

1.52 Volts 125.05 122.15 2.90 2.32%

Weekend kWh 26,966.48 25,960.14 1,006.33 3.73%

1.51 Volts 125.06 121.97 3.09 2.47%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 22,971.98 21,926.24 1,045.74 4.55%

1.29 Volts 125.30 120.87 4.43 3.54%

Weekend kWh 23,095.98 22,006.81 1,089.17 4.72%

1.28 Volts 125.36 120.75 4.61 3.68%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 28,127.00 27,073.18 1,053.82 3.75%

1.11 Volts 125.08 120.87 4.20 3.36%

Weekend kWh 28,661.28 27,545.99 1,115.29 3.89%

1.10 Volts 125.25 120.80 4.45 3.55%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 27,066.56 26,147.18 919.38 3.40%

1.27 Volts 125.08 121.74 3.34 2.67%

Weekend kWh 23,903.13 22,949.93 953.19 3.99%

1.44 Volts 125.07 121.61 3.46 2.77%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 33,051.90 32,375.11 676.79 2.05%

0.89 Volts 124.98 122.12 2.86 2.29%

Weekend kWh 32,371.59 31,712.50 659.10 2.04%

0.91 Volts 124.92 122.13 2.79 2.23%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 26,792.16 25,852.67 939.49 3.51%

1.27 Volts 125.11 121.67 3.45 2.75%

Weekend kWh 23,495.86 22,538.06 957.80 4.08%

1.45 Volts 125.11 121.59 3.51 2.81%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 33,389.91 32,386.03 1,003.88 3.01%

1.31 Volts 125.02 122.14 2.88 2.30%

Weekend kWh 32,231.57 31,228.67 1,002.90 3.11%

1.35 Volts 125.03 122.15 2.87 2.30%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 27,876.02 26,828.64 1,047.39 3.76%

1.07 Volts 125.28 120.86 4.42 3.52%

Weekend kWh 24,902.48 23,809.26 1,093.22 4.39%

1.19 Volts 125.35 120.74 4.61 3.68%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 33,440.75 32,328.24 1,112.51 3.33%

1.00 Volts 125.01 120.86 4.14 3.31%

Weekend kWh 33,613.83 32,450.97 1,162.86 3.46%

1.00 Volts 125.21 120.88 4.33 3.46%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 19,900.22 18,833.77 1,066.45 5.36%

1.56 Volts 125.24 120.94 4.31 3.44%

Weekend kWh 19,839.35 18,774.54 1,064.81 5.37%

1.56 Volts 125.24 120.94 4.30 3.43%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 25,033.02 24,133.65 899.36 3.59%

1.06 Volts 125.24 120.99 4.25 3.39%

Weekend kWh 25,054.46 24,290.65 763.81 3.05%

1.06 Volts 125.26 121.65 3.61 2.88%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 20,715.94 19,563.55 1,152.39 5.56%

1.52 Volts 125.36 120.79 4.57 3.65%

Weekend kWh 20,640.40 19,506.82 1,133.58 5.49%

1.53 Volts 125.25 120.75 4.50 3.59%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 25,509.81 24,919.04 590.78 2.32%

0.67 Volts 125.17 120.85 4.31 3.44%

Weekend kWh 25,177.25 24,671.84 505.41 2.01%

0.68 Volts 125.08 121.40 3.69 2.95%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 20,288.48 19,091.62 1,196.87 5.90%

1.64 Volts 125.42 120.90 4.52 3.60%

Weekend kWh 19,797.62 18,588.12 1,209.50 6.11%

1.68 Volts 125.40 120.83 4.57 3.64%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 25,759.41 24,870.37 889.04 3.45%

1.04 Volts 125.18 121.04 4.14 3.31%

Weekend kWh 25,627.96 24,866.61 761.35 2.97%

1.05 Volts 125.15 121.60 3.55 2.83%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 18,466.00 17,662.24 803.76 4.35%

1.27 Volts 125.24 120.94 4.31 3.44%

Weekend kWh 18,512.84 17,709.78 803.06 4.34%

1.26 Volts 125.24 120.94 4.30 3.43%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 24,087.62 23,255.24 832.38 3.46%

1.28 Volts 125.24 121.87 3.37 2.69%

Weekend kWh 24,010.04 23,137.14 872.91 3.64%

1.29 Volts 125.27 121.73 3.53 2.82%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 20,112.80 19,157.58 955.23 4.75%

1.30 Volts 125.37 120.80 4.58 3.65%

Weekend kWh 20,162.20 19,222.16 940.04 4.66%

1.30 Volts 125.26 120.75 4.50 3.60%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 25,598.00 24,830.13 767.87 3.00%

1.09 Volts 125.17 121.72 3.45 2.76%

Weekend kWh 26,092.71 25,278.67 814.04 3.12%

1.07 Volts 125.17 121.51 3.66 2.93%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 19,496.70 18,434.07 1,062.63 5.45%

1.51 Volts 125.43 120.91 4.52 3.61%

Weekend kWh 19,694.42 18,621.43 1,072.99 5.45%

1.50 Volts 125.41 120.84 4.57 3.64%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 25,433.80 24,597.59 836.21 3.29%

1.22 Volts 125.20 121.84 3.36 2.69%

Weekend kWh 25,901.66 25,035.79 865.87 3.34%

1.20 Volts 125.18 121.70 3.48 2.78%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 14,436.57 13,700.80 735.77 5.10%

1.49 Volts 125.31 121.02 4.29 3.42%

Weekend kWh 12,585.51 11,850.40 735.12 5.84%

1.71 Volts 125.30 121.02 4.28 3.42%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 18,194.98 17,780.75 414.24 2.28%

0.78 Volts 125.32 121.65 3.67 2.93%

Weekend kWh 17,096.85 16,672.24 424.61 2.48%

0.83 Volts 125.33 121.57 3.76 3.00%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 15,716.25 14,751.91 964.34 6.14%

1.69 Volts 125.39 120.84 4.55 3.63%

Weekend kWh 13,951.21 12,997.49 953.72 6.84%

1.90 Volts 125.29 120.79 4.50 3.59%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 19,733.16 19,214.67 518.49 2.63%

0.88 Volts 125.21 121.49 3.72 2.97%

Weekend kWh 18,620.97 18,083.06 537.91 2.89%

0.94 Volts 125.19 121.33 3.86 3.08%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 16,901.82 15,918.91 982.90 5.82%

1.62 Volts 125.48 120.99 4.50 3.58%

Weekend kWh 15,064.13 14,065.87 998.27 6.63%

1.82 Volts 125.47 120.91 4.57 3.64%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 20,858.53 20,321.99 536.53 2.57%

0.89 Volts 125.27 121.67 3.61 2.88%

Weekend kWh 19,737.84 19,185.90 551.94 2.80%

0.94 Volts 125.24 121.53 3.71 2.96%


Table 4-7 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Elcona Substation, 4938121 Circuit



Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 29,311.91 29,235.93 75.98 0.26% 0.09

Volts 125.10 121.51 3.59 2.87%

Weekend kWh 10,855.69 10,822.86 32.84 0.30% 0.09

Volts 125.26 121.06 4.19 3.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 32,153.77 31,738.85 414.92 1.29% 0.43

Volts 125.27 121.52 3.75 2.99%

Weekend kWh 11,973.87 11,800.99 172.88 1.44% 0.43

Volts 125.24 121.04 4.20 3.35%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 31,919.63 31,821.07 98.56 0.31% 0.09

Volts 125.40 121.12 4.28 3.41%

Weekend kWh 12,393.10 12,351.97 41.13 0.33% 0.09

Volts 125.46 120.86 4.60 3.67%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 35,722.20 35,227.49 494.71 1.38% 0.43

Volts 125.48 121.45 4.03 3.21%

Weekend kWh 13,652.91 13,450.14 202.77 1.49% 0.43

Volts 125.47 121.15 4.32 3.44%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 28,339.41 28,253.52 85.90 0.30% 0.09

Volts 125.40 121.20 4.20 3.35%

Weekend kWh 10,622.68 10,588.65 34.03 0.32% 0.09

Volts 125.43 120.99 4.44 3.54%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 31,657.07 31,240.57 416.49 1.32% 0.43

Volts 125.34 121.51 3.82 3.05%

Weekend kWh 11,840.62 11,674.91 165.71 1.40%

0.43 Volts 125.28 121.21 4.07 3.25%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 21,167.35 20,754.67 412.68 1.95% 0.68

Volts 125.11 121.52 3.59 2.87%

Weekend kWh 14,991.15 14,649.99 341.17 2.28% 0.68

Volts 125.27 121.08 4.19 3.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 25,506.67 24,576.69 929.98 3.65% 1.21

Volts 125.29 121.53 3.76 3.00%

Weekend kWh 19,324.03 18,537.66 786.38 4.07% 1.21

Volts 125.26 121.07 4.20 3.35%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 22,919.39 22,386.72 532.67 2.32% 0.68

Volts 125.42 121.14 4.28 3.41%

Weekend kWh 16,995.78 16,571.06 424.72 2.50% 0.68

Volts 125.48 120.88 4.60 3.67%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 27,512.52 26,438.18 1,074.33 3.90% 1.22

Volts 125.51 121.48 4.03 3.21%

Weekend kWh 21,620.28 20,715.16 905.12 4.19% 1.22

Volts 125.50 121.19 4.32 3.44%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 23,149.78 22,621.55 528.23 2.28% 0.68

Volts 125.40 121.19 4.20 3.35%

Weekend kWh 17,389.87 16,970.57 419.30 2.41% 0.68

Volts 125.43 120.99 4.44 3.54%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 27,933.66 26,897.84 1,035.81 3.71% 1.22

Volts 125.33 121.51 3.83 3.05%

Weekend kWh 22,137.22 21,264.48 872.75 3.94% 1.21

Volts 125.27 121.21 4.07 3.25%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 52,293.34 51,463.11 830.22 1.59% 0.55

Volts 125.10 121.51 3.59 2.87%

Weekend kWh 36,877.40 36,193.81 683.58 1.85% 0.55

Volts 125.26 121.06 4.19 3.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 58,537.18 57,217.71 1,319.47 2.25% 0.75

Volts 125.27 121.52 3.75 2.99%

Weekend kWh 44,562.58 43,437.56 1,125.02 2.52% 0.75

Volts 125.25 121.04 4.20 3.35%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 50,658.90 49,700.44 958.46 1.89% 0.55

Volts 125.40 121.12 4.28 3.41%

Weekend kWh 34,607.14 33,903.24 703.90 2.03% 0.55

Volts 125.46 120.85 4.60 3.67%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 56,498.04 55,131.20 1,366.84 2.42% 0.75

Volts 125.48 121.45 4.03 3.21%

Weekend kWh 41,153.72 40,085.35 1,068.37 2.60% 0.75

Volts 125.48 121.16 4.32 3.44%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 52,135.43 51,167.12 968.30 1.86% 0.55

Volts 125.39 121.19 4.20 3.35%

Weekend kWh 37,427.97 36,693.21 734.76 1.96% 0.55

Volts 125.42 120.98 4.44 3.54%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 59,062.23 57,705.10 1,357.13 2.30% 0.75

Volts 125.33 121.50 3.82 3.05%

Weekend kWh 45,559.76 44,445.47 1,114.29 2.45% 0.75

Volts 125.27 121.20 4.07 3.25%


Table 4-10 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Hacienda Substation, 4933521 Circuit



Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,862.50 1,796.31 66.19 3.55% 0.91

Volts 125.17 120.28 4.89 3.91%

Weekend kWh 1,866.17 1,799.64 66.53 3.57% 0.91

Volts 125.13 120.22 4.91 3.92%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 2,380.38 2,333.23 47.15 1.98% 0.71

Volts 124.17 120.68 3.49 2.81%

Weekend kWh 2,543.64 2,485.32 58.33 2.29% 0.71

Volts 124.60 120.56 4.04 3.24%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 2,048.85 1,967.61 81.24 3.97% 0.91

Volts 125.32 119.86 5.46 4.36%

Weekend kWh 2,089.32 2,006.69 82.63 3.95% 0.91

Volts 125.29 119.85 5.45 4.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 2,516.27 2,443.93 72.34 2.87% 0.71

Volts 125.31 120.25 5.06 4.04%

Weekend kWh 2,701.04 2,621.65 79.39 2.94% 0.71

Volts 125.27 120.10 5.17 4.13%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,245.40 1,194.92 50.48 4.05% 0.91

Volts 125.10 119.52 5.58 4.46%

Weekend kWh 1,255.54 1,204.59 50.95 4.06% 0.91

Volts 125.08 119.49 5.59 4.47%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 1,563.83 1,515.12 48.71 3.11% 0.71

Volts 125.20 119.72 5.48 4.38%

Weekend kWh 1,670.62 1,618.34 52.28 3.13% 0.71

Volts 125.17 119.66 5.51 4.40%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 2,405.59 1,985.18 420.41 17.48% 4.47

Volts 125.15 120.26 4.89 3.91%

Weekend kWh 2,527.97 2,084.88 443.09 17.53% 4.47

Volts 125.11 120.20 4.91 3.92%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 2,338.34 2,296.03 42.31 1.81% 0.64

Volts 124.15 120.67 3.49 2.81%

Weekend kWh 2,524.77 2,471.89 52.88 2.09% 0.65

Volts 124.58 120.55 4.04 3.24%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,963.06 1,580.06 383.01 19.51% 4.48

Volts 125.31 119.85 5.46 4.36%

Weekend kWh 2,073.43 1,670.10 403.33 19.45% 4.47

Volts 125.27 119.83 5.45 4.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 1,894.83 1,845.08 49.75 2.63% 0.65

Volts 125.29 120.23 5.06 4.04%

Weekend kWh 2,028.92 1,974.44 54.48 2.69% 0.65

Volts 125.25 120.08 5.17 4.13%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,915.91 1,533.82 382.09 19.94% 4.47

Volts 125.09 119.50 5.58 4.46%

Weekend kWh 1,963.28 1,571.42 391.86 19.96% 4.47

Volts 125.06 119.47 5.59 4.47%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 2,021.64 1,964.13 57.51 2.84% 0.65

Volts 125.18 119.70 5.48 4.38%

Weekend kWh 2,119.57 2,058.98 60.59 2.86% 0.65

Volts 125.15 119.64 5.51 4.40%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,683.92 1,628.58 55.34 3.29% 0.84

Volts 125.16 120.27 4.89 3.91%

Weekend kWh 1,687.63 1,632.03 55.60 3.29% 0.84

Volts 125.12 120.21 4.91 3.92%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 2,127.86 2,093.75 34.10 1.60% 0.57

Volts 124.18 120.69 3.49 2.81%

Weekend kWh 2,304.12 2,261.38 42.74 1.86% 0.57

Volts 124.60 120.57 4.04 3.24%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,610.27 1,551.20 59.07 3.67% 0.84

Volts 125.31 119.84 5.46 4.36%

Weekend kWh 1,613.90 1,554.89 59.01 3.66% 0.84

Volts 125.27 119.83 5.45 4.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 2,157.78 2,107.60 50.19 2.33% 0.58

Volts 125.30 120.24 5.06 4.04%

Weekend kWh 2,297.79 2,243.12 54.67 2.38% 0.58

Volts 125.26 120.08 5.18 4.13%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 1,431.49 1,377.80 53.69 3.75% 0.84

Volts 125.10 119.52 5.59 4.46%

Weekend kWh 1,414.32 1,361.26 53.06 3.75% 0.84

Volts 125.08 119.49 5.59 4.47%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 1,950.70 1,901.54 49.17 2.52% 0.58

Volts 125.20 119.72 5.48 4.38%

Weekend kWh 2,093.07 2,040.08 52.99 2.53% 0.58

Volts 125.17 119.66 5.51 4.40%




Average Daily

Average Daily Difference %

Difference

Estimated Daily CVR

Factor VVO Off VVO On (Off – On)

Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 27,060.42 26,568.60 491.82 1.82%

1.04 Volts 123.84 121.67 2.16 1.75%

Weekend kWh 27,093.14 26,573.26 519.88 1.92%

1.04 Volts 123.82 121.54 2.29 1.85%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 26,399.00 25,670.26 728.74 2.76%

1.04 Volts 124.40 121.11 3.29 2.64%

Weekend kWh 26,602.96 25,861.19 741.77 2.79%

1.04 Volts 124.36 121.04 3.32 2.67%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 26,578.46 25,761.18 817.28 3.07%

1.05 Volts 124.69 121.03 3.66 2.94%

Weekend kWh 26,650.14 25,811.92 838.22 3.15%

1.05 Volts 124.65 120.90 3.75 3.01%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 22,794.12 22,428.20 365.92 1.61%

0.92 Volts 123.85 121.69 2.17 1.75%

Weekend kWh 22,306.08 21,926.78 379.30 1.70%

0.92 Volts 123.84 121.54 2.29 1.85%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 23,904.24 23,321.40 582.84 2.44%

0.92 Volts 124.45 121.16 3.29 2.64%

Weekend kWh 23,960.38 23,370.24 590.14 2.46%

0.92 Volts 124.41 121.09 3.32 2.67%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 21,482.30 20,899.54 582.76 2.71%

0.92 Volts 124.67 121.01 3.66 2.94%

Weekend kWh 21,494.97 20,898.04 596.93 2.78%

0.92 Volts 124.62 120.88 3.75 3.01%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 28,460.06 28,029.58 430.48 1.51%

0.87 Volts 123.83 121.67 2.16 1.75%

Weekend kWh 27,253.07 26,817.36 435.71 1.60%

0.87 Volts 123.82 121.53 2.29 1.85%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 33,195.51 32,431.56 763.95 2.30%

0.87 Volts 124.44 121.15 3.29 2.65%

Weekend kWh 32,047.54 31,302.98 744.56 2.32%

0.87 Volts 124.40 121.08 3.32 2.67%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 24,745.11 24,111.29 633.82 2.56%

0.87 Volts 124.72 121.06 3.66 2.94%

Weekend kWh 23,943.71 23,316.08 627.64 2.62%

0.87 Volts 124.68 120.93 3.75 3.01%


Table 4-16 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Harper Substation, 4928821 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 31,675.26 31,075.77 599.50 1.89%

0.76 Volts 124.36 121.28 3.08 2.47%

Weekend kWh 23,454.78 22,970.92 483.86 2.06%

0.76 Volts 124.35 121.00 3.35 2.70%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 29,033.69 28,418.94 614.75 2.12%

0.77 Volts 124.52 121.08 3.44 2.76%

Weekend kWh 20,397.53 19,946.73 450.80 2.21%

0.77 Volts 124.51 120.91 3.59 2.89%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 32,107.70 31,413.38 694.32 2.16%

0.77 Volts 124.42 120.90 3.52 2.83%

Weekend kWh 24,015.43 23,484.33 531.10 2.21%

0.76 Volts 124.38 120.79 3.60 2.89%


Table 4-17 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Harper Substation, 4928822 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 29,813.74 29,250.63 563.11 1.89%

0.76 Volts 124.34 121.27 3.08 2.48%

Weekend kWh 25,047.19 24,531.32 515.88 2.06%

0.76 Volts 124.33 120.98 3.36 2.70%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 41,551.22 40,674.12 877.10 2.11%

0.76 Volts 124.49 121.05 3.44 2.76%

Weekend kWh 36,943.12 36,128.47 814.65 2.21%

0.76 Volts 124.48 120.88 3.59 2.89%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 35,272.91 34,512.04 760.87 2.16%

0.76 Volts 124.41 120.89 3.52 2.83%

Weekend kWh 31,274.20 30,584.41 689.79 2.21%

0.76 Volts 124.37 120.77 3.59 2.89%


Table 4-18 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Lincoln Substation, 4051821 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 38,191.16 37,629.18 561.98 1.47% 0.95

Volts 124.21 122.28 1.93 1.55%

Weekend kWh 27,068.26 26,656.46 411.80 1.52% 0.95

Volts 124.23 122.24 1.99 1.61%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 37,500.12 36,923.21 576.90 1.54% 0.95

Volts 124.46 122.44 2.02 1.62%

Weekend kWh 26,541.45 26,126.90 414.55 1.56% 0.95

Volts 124.59 122.54 2.05 1.64%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 36,171.53 35,574.39 597.14 1.65% 0.95

Volts 124.71 122.54 2.16 1.74%

Weekend kWh 26,193.52 25,769.55 423.98 1.62% 0.95

Volts 124.76 122.64 2.12 1.70%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 29,815.77 29,334.30 481.47 1.61% 1.04

Volts 124.21 122.28 1.93 1.55%

Weekend kWh 26,891.49 26,442.06 449.43 1.67% 1.04

Volts 124.23 122.23 2.00 1.61%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 28,976.81 28,487.97 488.85 1.69% 1.04

Volts 124.46 122.44 2.02 1.62%

Weekend kWh 26,960.54 26,499.06 461.48 1.71% 1.04

Volts 124.58 122.54 2.05 1.64%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 29,108.16 28,580.88 527.28 1.81% 1.04

Volts 124.71 122.54 2.16 1.74%

Weekend kWh 26,879.24 26,401.86 477.38 1.78% 1.04

Volts 124.76 122.63 2.12 1.70%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 28,093.17 27,668.51 424.66 1.51% 0.97

Volts 124.21 122.28 1.93 1.55%

Weekend kWh 21,995.33 21,651.36 343.96 1.56% 0.97

Volts 124.23 122.23 2.00 1.61%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 28,236.72 27,790.71 446.01 1.58% 0.98

Volts 124.46 122.44 2.02 1.62%

Weekend kWh 22,319.57 21,961.52 358.05 1.60% 0.98

Volts 124.59 122.54 2.05 1.64%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 28,103.33 27,626.68 476.65 1.70% 0.98

Volts 124.71 122.54 2.16 1.74%

Weekend kWh 22,416.64 22,044.05 372.60 1.66% 0.98

Volts 124.76 122.64 2.12 1.70%


Table 4-21 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Northland Substation, 4933421 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 31,052.27 29,955.04 1,097.23 3.53%

1.37 Volts 124.48 121.26 3.22 2.59%

Weekend kWh 12,641.06 11,336.51 1,304.55 10.32%

3.34 Volts 124.05 120.22 3.83 3.09%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 30,569.98 30,115.55 454.43 1.49%

0.59 Volts 124.95 121.82 3.13 2.50%

Weekend kWh 11,144.42 10,583.88 560.54 5.03%

1.63 Volts 124.96 121.10 3.86 3.09%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 28,421.84 28,175.28 246.55 0.87%

0.35 Volts 124.87 121.74 3.13 2.51%

Weekend kWh 9,252.94 8,949.32 303.62 3.28%

1.06 Volts 124.85 121.00 3.85 3.09%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 14,444.25 13,418.87 1,025.38 7.10%

2.94 Volts 124.52 121.51 3.01 2.42%

Weekend kWh 14,564.17 13,361.16 1,203.00 8.26%

2.90 Volts 123.94 120.41 3.53 2.85%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 12,250.59 11,830.06 420.52 3.43%

1.48 Volts 125.01 122.11 2.89 2.31%

Weekend kWh 12,383.87 11,874.33 509.54 4.11%

1.47 Volts 124.83 121.32 3.51 2.81%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 11,776.06 11,543.97 232.08 1.97%

0.84 Volts 124.88 121.94 2.95 2.36%

Weekend kWh 12,038.54 11,753.73 284.82 2.37%

0.82 Volts 124.82 121.21 3.61 2.90%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 26,825.80 25,770.21 1,055.59 3.93%

1.58 Volts 124.46 121.36 3.10 2.49%

Weekend kWh 11,965.10 10,761.52 1,203.58 10.06%

3.53 Volts 123.93 120.40 3.53 2.85%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 26,031.39 25,589.54 441.85 1.70%

0.70 Volts 124.97 121.93 3.04 2.43%

Weekend kWh 11,121.89 10,612.28 509.61 4.58%

1.63 Volts 124.80 121.30 3.51 2.81%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 25,832.67 25,588.97 243.70 0.94%

0.38 Volts 124.85 121.76 3.09 2.48%

Weekend kWh 11,553.29 11,268.47 284.83 2.47%

0.85 Volts 124.79 121.18 3.61 2.90%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 28,711.63 27,544.26 1,167.37 4.07%

1.48 Volts 125.07 121.65 3.43 2.74%

Weekend kWh 18,417.10 17,436.29 980.81 5.33%

2.29 Volts 123.63 120.76 2.88 2.33%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 26,977.09 26,438.67 538.42 2.00%

0.67 Volts 125.14 121.44 3.70 2.96%

Weekend kWh 16,373.41 15,941.56 431.85 2.64%

1.10 Volts 123.71 120.74 2.97 2.40%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 29,923.38 29,645.89 277.49 0.93%

0.33 Volts 125.12 121.59 3.52 2.81%

Weekend kWh 19,691.18 19,473.57 217.61 1.11%

0.50 Volts 123.71 120.95 2.76 2.23%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 20,847.12 19,679.21 1,167.92 5.60%

2.04 Volts 125.07 121.64 3.43 2.74%

Weekend kWh 19,335.32 18,354.48 980.84 5.07%

2.18 Volts 123.62 120.75 2.88 2.33%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 18,257.08 17,718.67 538.41 2.95%

1.00 Volts 125.14 121.44 3.70 2.96%

Weekend kWh 16,515.66 16,083.78 431.88 2.61%

1.09 Volts 123.71 120.74 2.97 2.40%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 22,182.34 21,904.91 277.42 1.25%

0.44 Volts 125.10 121.58 3.52 2.81%

Weekend kWh 21,452.15 21,235.14 217.00 1.01%

0.45 Volts 123.70 120.94 2.75 2.23%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 16,620.25 15,454.11 1,166.15 7.02%

2.56 Volts 125.07 121.65 3.42 2.74%

Weekend kWh 16,048.46 15,067.57 980.89 6.11%

2.63 Volts 123.64 120.76 2.88 2.33%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 14,591.06 14,052.82 538.24 3.69%

1.25 Volts 125.15 121.45 3.70 2.96%

Weekend kWh 14,145.57 13,713.63 431.94 3.05%

1.27 Volts 123.72 120.75 2.97 2.40%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 13,235.34 12,957.85 277.49 2.10%

0.74 Volts 125.11 121.59 3.52 2.81%

Weekend kWh 12,794.53 12,577.42 217.11 1.70%

0.76 Volts 123.70 120.95 2.75 2.23%


Table 4-27 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Osolo Substation, 4058021 Circuit



Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 34,181.68 33,111.91 1,069.77 3.13% 1.08

Volts 125.13 121.51 3.63 2.90%

Weekend kWh 24,509.17 23,562.54 946.63 3.86% 1.08

Volts 125.36 120.88 4.47 3.57%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 32,165.97 31,353.63 812.34 2.53% 0.86

Volts 125.37 121.70 3.67 2.93%

Weekend kWh 22,430.09 21,806.57 623.52 2.78% 0.86

Volts 125.40 121.36 4.04 3.22%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 35,098.93 33,904.39 1,194.54 3.40% 1.08

Volts 125.22 121.28 3.94 3.15%

Weekend kWh 24,827.65 23,826.14 1,001.50 4.03% 1.08

Volts 125.39 120.72 4.67 3.73%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 32,470.45 31,584.64 885.81 2.73% 0.86

Volts 125.39 121.43 3.96 3.16%

Weekend kWh 21,949.94 21,313.12 636.82 2.90% 0.86

Volts 125.32 121.10 4.22 3.36%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 30,953.86 29,793.82 1,160.04 3.75% 1.08

Volts 125.39 121.05 4.34 3.46%

Weekend kWh 22,274.50 21,377.62 896.88 4.03% 1.08

Volts 125.41 120.75 4.66 3.72%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 28,840.63 27,944.48 896.15 3.11% 0.86

Volts 125.46 120.94 4.51 3.60%

Weekend kWh 19,365.64 18,760.66 604.99 3.12% 0.86

Volts 125.39 120.85 4.54 3.62%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 23,804.30 23,352.05 452.24 1.90% 0.66

Volts 125.15 121.54 3.61 2.89%

Weekend kWh 14,252.76 13,917.57 335.19 2.35% 0.66

Volts 125.39 120.92 4.47 3.57%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 29,268.51 28,633.38 635.13 2.17% 0.73

Volts 125.38 121.67 3.71 2.96%

Weekend kWh 21,732.64 21,219.74 512.90 2.36% 0.73

Volts 125.43 121.40 4.04 3.22%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 23,106.02 22,626.68 479.34 2.07% 0.66

Volts 125.22 121.27 3.95 3.15%

Weekend kWh 14,190.88 13,842.19 348.69 2.46% 0.66

Volts 125.39 120.71 4.67 3.73%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 28,107.07 27,455.81 651.26 2.32% 0.73

Volts 125.38 121.42 3.96 3.16%

Weekend kWh 20,404.09 19,901.46 502.63 2.46% 0.73

Volts 125.31 121.10 4.21 3.36%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 25,018.46 24,447.48 570.98 2.28% 0.66

Volts 125.39 121.05 4.34 3.46%

Weekend kWh 17,013.68 16,596.58 417.10 2.45% 0.66

Volts 125.41 120.75 4.66 3.72%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 31,750.82 30,913.23 837.59 2.64% 0.73

Volts 125.45 120.94 4.51 3.60%

Weekend kWh 24,773.12 24,116.11 657.01 2.65% 0.73

Volts 125.39 120.85 4.54 3.62%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 34,146.06 33,639.56 506.50 1.48% 0.51

Volts 125.15 121.54 3.61 2.89%

Weekend kWh 17,273.78 16,957.81 315.97 1.83% 0.51

Volts 125.38 120.92 4.46 3.55%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 39,658.36 38,836.49 821.87 2.07% 0.70

Volts 125.38 121.67 3.71 2.96%

Weekend kWh 29,788.66 29,116.16 672.50 2.26% 0.70

Volts 125.43 121.39 4.04 3.22%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 34,429.15 33,872.08 557.07 1.62% 0.51

Volts 125.23 121.28 3.94 3.15%

Weekend kWh 17,987.26 17,643.79 343.47 1.91% 0.51

Volts 125.38 120.73 4.65 3.71%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 42,068.12 41,135.57 932.55 2.22% 0.70

Volts 125.39 121.42 3.97 3.16%

Weekend kWh 31,703.28 30,956.30 746.98 2.36% 0.70

Volts 125.32 121.11 4.22 3.37%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 29,901.58 29,368.92 532.66 1.78% 0.51

Volts 125.43 121.09 4.34 3.46%

Weekend kWh 16,869.44 16,547.87 321.57 1.91% 0.51

Volts 125.43 120.79 4.64 3.70%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 36,646.23 35,718.08 928.15 2.53% 0.70

Volts 125.48 120.95 4.53 3.61%

Weekend kWh 28,066.22 27,354.42 711.80 2.54% 0.70

Volts 125.43 120.89 4.54 3.62%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 31,892.24 31,219.14 673.09 2.11% 0.63

Volts 125.32 121.09 4.22 3.37%

Weekend kWh 26,673.95 26,042.13 631.82 2.37% 0.63

Volts 125.28 120.54 4.74 3.78%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 34,995.66 34,118.65 877.01 2.51% 0.65

Volts 125.35 120.51 4.84 3.86%

Weekend kWh 31,497.12 30,782.35 714.77 2.27% 0.65

Volts 125.24 120.86 4.39 3.50%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 28,608.96 28,025.65 583.31 2.04% 0.63

Volts 125.32 121.24 4.08 3.25%

Weekend kWh 22,477.13 21,942.60 534.54 2.38% 0.63

Volts 125.43 120.67 4.76 3.79%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 33,611.89 32,760.86 851.03 2.53% 0.65

Volts 125.44 120.55 4.89 3.90%

Weekend kWh 29,306.64 28,647.11 659.53 2.25% 0.65

Volts 125.36 121.01 4.35 3.47%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 28,164.58 27,697.39 467.19 1.66% 0.62

Volts 124.96 121.64 3.32 2.65%

Weekend kWh 21,897.26 21,436.77 460.50 2.10% 0.63

Volts 125.39 121.18 4.21 3.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 31,717.01 31,035.25 681.77 2.15% 0.65

Volts 125.41 121.25 4.15 3.31%

Weekend kWh 29,066.64 28,431.38 635.26 2.19% 0.65

Volts 125.34 121.11 4.22 3.37%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 11,020.72 10,721.76 298.96 2.71% 0.81

Volts 125.30 121.08 4.22 3.37%

Weekend kWh 8,709.22 8,444.02 265.20 3.05% 0.81

Volts 125.27 120.53 4.73 3.78%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 16,035.74 15,442.61 593.13 3.70% 0.96

Volts 125.34 120.50 4.84 3.86%

Weekend kWh 14,938.12 14,437.36 500.76 3.35% 0.96

Volts 125.24 120.85 4.39 3.50%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 13,170.53 12,824.72 345.81 2.63% 0.81

Volts 125.30 121.22 4.08 3.26%

Weekend kWh 10,160.54 9,849.98 310.56 3.06% 0.81

Volts 125.39 120.64 4.75 3.79%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 17,186.96 16,544.86 642.10 3.74% 0.96

Volts 125.41 120.52 4.89 3.90%

Weekend kWh 15,553.40 15,036.59 516.81 3.32% 0.96

Volts 125.32 120.97 4.35 3.47%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 13,076.46 12,797.05 279.41 2.14% 0.80

Volts 124.93 121.61 3.32 2.66%

Weekend kWh 10,354.68 10,074.73 279.95 2.70% 0.81

Volts 125.33 121.13 4.20 3.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 19,083.85 18,480.27 603.59 3.16% 0.96

Volts 125.36 121.22 4.14 3.30%

Weekend kWh 17,739.23 17,166.43 572.80 3.23% 0.96

Volts 125.29 121.06 4.22 3.37%





Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 27,006.61 26,773.89 232.72 0.86% 0.26

Volts 125.29 121.07 4.22 3.37%

Weekend kWh 16,843.21 16,680.31 162.90 0.97% 0.26

Volts 125.26 120.52 4.73 3.78%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 32,598.84 32,743.71 -144.87 -0.44% (0.11)

Volts 125.33 120.49 4.84 3.86%

Weekend kWh 21,630.70 21,717.34 -86.64 -0.40% (0.11)

Volts 125.21 120.84 4.37 3.49%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 26,937.84 26,713.35 224.49 0.83% 0.26

Volts 125.32 121.24 4.08 3.26%

Weekend kWh 15,001.30 14,855.51 145.79 0.97% 0.26

Volts 125.42 120.67 4.76 3.79%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 31,257.25 31,397.62 -140.36 -0.45% (0.12)

Volts 125.44 120.55 4.89 3.90%

Weekend kWh 18,874.32 18,949.60 -75.28 -0.40% (0.12)

Volts 125.34 120.99 4.35 3.47%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 30,480.96 30,274.45 206.52 0.68% 0.26

Volts 124.95 121.64 3.32 2.65%

Weekend kWh 17,739.85 17,587.54 152.31 0.86% 0.26

Volts 125.38 121.18 4.20 3.35%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 32,554.21 32,678.22 -124.01 -0.38% (0.12)

Volts 125.40 121.24 4.15 3.31%

Weekend kWh 21,244.53 21,326.80 -82.28 -0.39% (0.11)

Volts 125.31 121.09 4.22 3.37%


Table 4-33 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: South Bend Substation, 4050321 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 39,678.69 39,321.87 356.82 0.90%

0.23 Volts 125.61 120.74 4.88 3.88%

Weekend kWh 39,041.98 38,671.00 370.98 0.95%

0.24 Volts 125.62 120.55 5.07 4.04%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 38,739.84 38,352.11 387.73 1.00%

0.25 Volts 125.30 120.27 5.02 4.01%

Weekend kWh 37,368.66 36,975.33 393.34 1.05%

0.26 Volts 125.20 120.10 5.10 4.07%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 36,821.15 36,072.19 748.96 2.03%

0.50 Volts 125.48 120.36 5.12 4.08%

Weekend kWh 35,115.54 34,338.15 777.39 2.21%

0.52 Volts 125.48 120.17 5.31 4.23%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 24,547.79 24,192.84 354.95 1.45%

0.37 Volts 125.61 120.76 4.85 3.86%

Weekend kWh 24,037.61 23,666.59 371.02 1.54%

0.38 Volts 125.60 120.53 5.07 4.04%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 29,314.41 28,930.14 384.27 1.31%

0.33 Volts 125.29 120.31 4.98 3.97%

Weekend kWh 29,557.87 29,157.22 400.65 1.36%

0.33 Volts 125.28 120.09 5.19 4.14%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 18,437.89 17,699.90 737.98 4.00%

1.00 Volts 125.45 120.41 5.04 4.02%

Weekend kWh 18,022.20 17,247.42 774.77 4.30%

1.02 Volts 125.46 120.17 5.29 4.22%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 17,787.68 17,433.48 354.19 1.99%

0.52 Volts 125.60 120.76 4.84 3.85%

Weekend kWh 17,864.23 17,492.66 371.57 2.08%

0.51 Volts 125.59 120.51 5.08 4.04%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 20,550.52 20,163.40 387.12 1.88%

0.47 Volts 125.30 120.28 5.02 4.00%

Weekend kWh 20,152.07 19,750.05 402.02 1.99%

0.48 Volts 125.26 120.05 5.21 4.16%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 16,190.10 15,454.24 735.86 4.55%

1.13 Volts 125.44 120.42 5.03 4.01%

Weekend kWh 16,243.98 15,467.92 776.06 4.78%

1.13 Volts 125.46 120.16 5.30 4.22%


Table 4-36 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: South Side Substation, 4099921 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 20,493.78 19,234.37 1,259.41 6.15%

1.82 Volts 125.03 120.82 4.21 3.37%

Weekend kWh 17,918.83 16,734.93 1,183.90 6.61%

1.82 Volts 125.02 120.49 4.53 3.62%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 30,312.34 28,447.72 1,864.62 6.15%

1.82 Volts 124.98 120.77 4.21 3.37%

Weekend kWh 26,863.29 25,109.08 1,754.21 6.53%

1.82 Volts 125.01 120.53 4.47 3.58%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 22,362.19 20,934.11 1,428.09 6.39%

1.83 Volts 125.17 120.79 4.38 3.50%

Weekend kWh 20,034.03 18,691.79 1,342.24 6.70%

1.83 Volts 125.22 120.63 4.59 3.67%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 32,001.99 29,879.42 2,122.58 6.63%

1.97 Volts 125.04 120.83 4.21 3.37%

Weekend kWh 26,736.64 24,830.57 1,906.07 7.13%

1.97 Volts 125.03 120.50 4.53 3.62%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 33,798.20 31,554.53 2,243.67 6.64%

1.97 Volts 124.99 120.77 4.21 3.37%

Weekend kWh 28,376.72 26,377.65 1,999.07 7.04%

1.97 Volts 125.01 120.54 4.47 3.58%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 32,045.37 29,839.64 2,205.73 6.88%

1.97 Volts 125.18 120.81 4.37 3.49%

Weekend kWh 26,936.76 24,987.61 1,949.16 7.24%

1.97 Volts 125.24 120.65 4.59 3.67%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 15,006.14 13,871.73 1,134.42 7.56%

2.25 Volts 125.02 120.81 4.21 3.37%

Weekend kWh 11,250.12 10,335.61 914.51 8.13%

2.25 Volts 125.01 120.49 4.53 3.62%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 19,595.27 18,112.34 1,482.93 7.57%

2.24 Volts 124.97 120.76 4.21 3.37%

Weekend kWh 15,383.22 14,147.78 1,235.44 8.03%

2.25 Volts 125.00 120.53 4.47 3.58%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 18,111.80 16,688.06 1,423.74 7.86%

2.25 Volts 125.17 120.79 4.38 3.50%

Weekend kWh 14,564.51 13,363.69 1,200.82 8.24%

2.25 Volts 125.22 120.63 4.59 3.67%


Table 4-39 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation, 4923321 Circuit



Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 31,049.96 30,892.00 157.96 0.51%

0.17 Volts 125.29 121.62 3.67 2.93%

Weekend kWh 28,760.55 28,589.57 170.98 0.59%

0.19 Volts 125.36 121.39 3.97 3.17%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 33,354.27 33,116.48 237.79 0.71%

0.24 Volts 125.27 121.49 3.78 3.02%

Weekend kWh 32,878.16 32,644.92 233.24 0.71%

0.24 Volts 125.26 121.55 3.71 2.96%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 36,803.45 36,012.54 790.90 2.15%

0.60 Volts 125.51 121.01 4.50 3.59%

Weekend kWh 34,142.51 33,351.77 790.75 2.32%

0.64 Volts 125.42 120.92 4.50 3.59%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 40,705.87 39,648.27 1,057.61 2.60%

0.71 Volts 125.58 120.97 4.61 3.67%

Weekend kWh 39,778.47 38,724.90 1,053.57 2.65%

0.72 Volts 125.57 120.98 4.59 3.65%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 31,643.06 30,798.86 844.20 2.67%

0.71 Volts 125.38 120.67 4.71 3.76%

Weekend kWh 29,281.50 28,441.13 840.37 2.87%

0.77 Volts 125.28 120.59 4.69 3.75%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 34,883.68 34,305.44 578.24 1.66%

0.46 Volts 125.38 120.84 4.54 3.62%

Weekend kWh 34,192.08 33,612.13 579.95 1.70%

0.47 Volts 125.40 120.85 4.56 3.63%


Table 4-40 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation, 4923322 Circuit



Estimated Daily


Phase A

Heating

Weekday kWh 43,358.78 43,883.16 -524.37 -1.21%

-0.40 Volts 125.29 121.55 3.74 2.99%

Weekend kWh 40,522.57 41,076.87 -554.31 -1.37%

-0.43 Volts 125.33 121.38 3.96 3.16%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 44,701.44 44,328.08 373.36 0.84%

0.23 Volts 125.54 121.06 4.47 3.56%

Weekend kWh 41,968.97 41,595.10 373.88 0.89%

0.25 Volts 125.44 120.96 4.48 3.57%

Phase B

Heating

Weekday kWh 45,906.36 45,803.16 103.19 0.22%

0.06 Volts 125.40 120.72 4.68 3.73%

Weekend kWh 43,190.82 43,088.58 102.24 0.24%

0.06 Volts 125.28 120.64 4.64 3.70%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 51,553.51 49,652.65 1,900.86 3.69%

1.23 Volts 125.24 121.49 3.75 3.00%

Weekend kWh 49,393.11 47,524.62 1,868.48 3.78%

1.28 Volts 125.23 121.54 3.69 2.95%

Phase C

Heating

Weekday kWh 52,932.06 50,325.56 2,606.50 4.92%

1.35 Volts 125.59 121.01 4.58 3.65%

Weekend kWh 50,797.33 48,183.21 2,614.12 5.15%

1.41 Volts 125.58 120.99 4.59 3.66%

Cooling

Weekday kWh 54,168.02 51,870.93 2,297.09 4.24%

1.17 Volts 125.41 120.86 4.55 3.62%

Weekend kWh 52,481.58 50,188.78 2,292.80 4.37%

1.21 Volts 125.43 120.89 4.54 3.62%


Table 4-41 Daily PY2018 Energy Savings and CVR Factors by Phase, Season and Day of Week: State Street Substation, 4928721 Circuit


Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 38,586.04 38,275.48 310.57 0.80%

0.31 Volts 124.69 121.42 3.27 2.62%

Weekend kWh 37,105.20 36,774.58 330.62 0.89%

0.32 Volts 124.72 121.24 3.48 2.79%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 35,934.46 35,615.75 318.71 0.89%

0.33 Volts 125.48 122.12 3.36 2.67%

Weekend kWh 34,505.48 34,160.71 344.77 1.00%

0.35 Volts 125.67 122.04 3.63 2.89%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 36,465.57 36,155.18 310.39 0.85%

0.33 Volts 125.54 122.27 3.27 2.60%

Weekend kWh 35,179.83 34,851.74 328.08 0.93%

0.34 Volts 125.64 122.18 3.45 2.75%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 22,388.71 21,436.03 952.68 4.26%

1.62 Volts 124.69 121.41 3.28 2.63%

Weekend kWh 21,366.76 20,348.87 1,017.89 4.76%

1.69 Volts 124.72 121.21 3.51 2.81%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 22,122.81 21,150.64 972.17 4.39%

1.65 Volts 125.47 122.12 3.35 2.67%

Weekend kWh 21,171.12 20,117.76 1,053.36 4.98%

1.72 Volts 125.67 122.04 3.63 2.89%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 23,764.18 22,819.27 944.91 3.98%

1.53 Volts 125.54 122.28 3.25 2.59%

Weekend kWh 22,662.86 21,663.66 999.20 4.41%

1.61 Volts 125.63 122.19 3.44 2.74%




Average Daily


Difference

Estimated Daily CVR


Phase A Heating

Weekday kWh 13,386.56 12,761.32 625.24 4.67%

1.77 Volts 124.69 121.41 3.28 2.63%

Weekend kWh 13,763.05 13,095.97 667.08 4.85%

1.73 Volts 124.72 121.22 3.50 2.81%

Phase B Heating

Weekday kWh 13,273.65 12,633.84 639.81 4.82%

1.80 Volts 125.47 122.11 3.36 2.68%

Weekend kWh 13,600.33 12,911.66 688.67 5.06%

1.76 Volts 125.65 122.04 3.62 2.88%

Phase C Heating

Weekday kWh 13,303.82 12,679.81 624.00 4.69%

1.80 Volts 125.54 122.26 3.28 2.61%

Weekend kWh 13,568.73 12,910.85 657.88 4.85%

1.76 Volts 125.63 122.18 3.45 2.75%


5. Aggregate Energy Savings As discussed in Section 3.3, two sets of aggregate energy savings were calculated for the Indiana circuits.

One set of aggregate savings applies to savings calculated over those days in 2018 when VVO was “on”. These savings are reported in Section 5.1.

A second set of aggregate savings was calculated to show the savings that would have resulted if VVO had been continually “on” during all of 2018. These savings are reported in Section 5.2.

5.1 kWh Savings in 2018 When VVO was “On”

The kWh savings for 2018 were first calculated for days when VVO was “on”. The results for this calculation are reported for each circuit in Table 5-1 though Table 5-11.7 Total energy savings are summarized in Table 5-12.

Table 5-1 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: East Side Substation

Circuit ID Season Day of Week

kWh Savings

Phase A Phase B Phase C Sum of Phases

East Side Substation, 4093121 Circuit

Heating Weekday 40,808 46,823 49,179 136,810 Weekend 20,030 22,578 24,184 66,792

Cooling Weekday 14,752 15,476 17,115 47,342 Weekend 5,730 6,823 7,763 20,316

Both Seasons

Weekday 55,559 62,299 66,294 184,153 Weekend 25,760 29,401 31,946 87,107

Total kWh Savings 81,320 91,700 98,240 271,260




Both Seasons

Weekday 181,080 148,201 181,292 510,573 Weekend 84,461 68,597 85,719 238,777




Cooling Weekday 21,498 31,887 35,338 88,722 Weekend 9,273 14,110 16,361 39,744 Weekday 150,645 163,859 182,466 496,970

7 There are no estimated energy savings for Grabill circuits. For these circuits, voltage patterns did not appear to demonstrate typical CVR on states.



kWh Savings


Both Seasons Weekend 72,886 78,030 89,318 240,234





Both Seasons

Weekday 165,055 167,427 181,789 514,271 Weekend 76,465 77,600 85,542 239,608





Both Seasons

Weekday 131,878 149,439 165,649 446,966 Weekend 59,877 67,754 76,624 204,255





Both Seasons

Weekday 112,212 146,146 149,265 407,624 Weekend 52,645 68,118 71,145 191,908


EastSide Substation-

Total

Heating Weekday 654,018 697,465 766,647 2,118,130 Weekend 316,413 332,549 374,793 1,023,754


Both Seasons

Weekday 796,428 837,373 926,756 2,560,556 Weekend 372,095 389,500 440,294 1,201,889

Total kWh Savings 1,168,523 1,226,873 1,367,050 3,762,446

Table 5-2 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Elcona Substation


kWh Savings


Elcona Substation, Heating

Weekday 8,795 11,835 10,340 30,970 Weekend 1,747 2,183 1,811 5,741



kWh Savings


4938121 Circuit Cooling

Weekday 2,507 2,845 2,447 7,798 Weekend 504 591 483 1,579

Both Seasons

Weekday 11,301 14,680 12,787 38,768 Weekend 2,251 2,775 2,294 7,320


Elcona Substation, 4938122 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 53,245 70,076 69,671 192,992 Weekend 20,432 25,186 24,856 70,474





Both Seasons

Weekday 104,001 122,955 124,533 351,488 Weekend 39,654 40,481 42,345 122,480


Elcona Substation-

Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 168,547 207,711 206,991 583,248 Weekend 62,337 68,442 69,495 200,274


Table 5-3 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Hacienda Substation


kWh Savings


Hacienda Substation, 4933521 Circuit


Cooling Weekday 1,012 1,594 1,076 3,682 Weekend 454 619 409 1,483

Both Seasons

Weekday 8,312 10,551 6,660 25,523 Weekend 3,631 4,571 2,851 11,053




kWh Savings




Cooling Weekday 908 1,097 1,270 3,274 Weekend 412 425 475 1,311

Both Seasons

Weekday 47,293 43,339 43,555 134,187 Weekend 21,570 19,717 19,251 60,538




Cooling Weekday 732 1,106 1,086 2,924 Weekend 333 426 415 1,174

Both Seasons

Weekday 6,838 7,621 7,027 21,486 Weekend 2,988 3,249 2,958 9,195




Cooling Weekday 0 0 0 0 Weekend 0 0 0 0

Both Seasons

Weekday 17,255 31,882 35,722 84,859 Weekend 8,838 14,928 16,869 40,635





Both Seasons

Weekday 12,822 25,499 25,496 63,817 Weekend 6,416 11,877 12,013 30,306





Both Seasons

Weekday 15,156 33,423 27,703 76,282 Weekend 7,425 14,984 12,631 35,041


Hacienda Substation-

Total





kWh Savings


Both Seasons

Weekday 107,676 152,316 146,163 406,155 Weekend 50,869 69,326 66,574 186,768


Table 5-4 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Harper Substation


kWh Savings


Harper Substation, 4928821 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 29,900 28,227 36,481 94,608 Weekend 10,504 9,824 11,662 31,990





Both Seasons

Weekday 28,062 40,237 39,914 108,213 Weekend 11,199 17,752 15,147 44,098


Harper Substation-

Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 57,962 68,464 76,395 202,820 Weekend 21,703 27,576 26,809 76,088


Table 5-5 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Lincoln Substation


kWh Savings


Lincoln Substation, Heating

Weekday 23,650 16,778 9,927 50,356 Weekend 8,253 4,940 2,915 16,108



kWh Savings



Weekday 0 0 0 0 Weekend 0 0 0 0

Both Seasons

Weekday 23,650 16,778 9,927 50,356 Weekend 8,253 4,940 2,915 16,108


Lincoln Substation, 4051822 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 20,262 14,217 8,766 43,245 Weekend 9,007 5,499 3,282 17,789





Both Seasons

Weekday 17,871 12,972 7,924 38,767 Weekend 6,894 4,267 2,562 13,722


Lincoln Substation-

Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 61,783 43,967 26,618 132,368 Weekend 24,154 14,706 8,758 47,619


Table 5-6 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Northland Substation


kWh Savings


Northland Substation, 4933421 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 50,351 20,853 11,314 82,518 Weekend 19,297 8,291 4,491 32,079




kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 58,204 23,871 13,174 95,249 Weekend 29,808 12,625 7,057 49,490





Both Seasons

Weekday 59,920 25,081 13,833 98,834 Weekend 29,822 12,627 7,057 49,506





Both Seasons

Weekday 62,308 28,738 14,811 105,858 Weekend 22,518 9,915 4,996 37,428





Both Seasons

Weekday 62,354 28,745 14,811 105,910 Weekend 22,532 9,921 4,985 37,438





Both Seasons

Weekday 62,194 28,706 14,800 105,700 Weekend 22,533 9,923 4,987 37,443


Northland Substation-

Total





kWh Savings


Both Seasons

Weekday 355,331 155,995 82,743 594,069 Weekend 146,509 63,302 33,574 243,386


Table 5-7 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Osolo Substation


kWh Savings


Osolo Substation, 4058021 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 68,861 80,372 80,922 230,155 Weekend 27,740 29,373 26,360 83,473




Cooling Weekday 3,043 3,908 5,340 12,291 Weekend 983 984 1,314 3,281

Both Seasons

Weekday 30,310 34,046 42,358 106,714 Weekend 10,382 10,777 13,010 34,169





Both Seasons

Weekday 34,510 40,575 40,351 115,436 Weekend 10,136 11,094 10,428 31,658




Cooling Weekday 3,216 3,191 2,443 8,850 Weekend 685 632 609 1,926

Both Seasons

Weekday 39,198 33,280 21,987 94,466 Weekend 14,954 12,704 10,951 38,608


Osolo Substation, Heating

Weekday 15,982 17,939 11,887 45,807 Weekend 5,989 7,013 6,287 19,290



kWh Savings



Weekday 2,175 2,408 2,188 6,771 Weekend 480 495 549 1,524

Both Seasons

Weekday 18,157 20,347 14,075 52,578 Weekend 6,469 7,509 6,836 20,814




Cooling Weekday -531 -526 -444 -1,502 Weekend -79 -69 -75 -224

Both Seasons

Weekday 11,909 11,054 8,212 31,175 Weekend 3,599 3,223 3,345 10,168


Osolo Substation-

Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 202,946 219,673 207,905 630,524 Weekend 73,281 74,679 70,930 218,890


Table 5-8 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: South Bend Substation


kWh Savings


South Bend

Substation, 4050321 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 10,764 11,697 22,594 45,054 Weekend 5,390 5,714 11,294 22,398


South Bend




Both Seasons

Weekday 10,624 11,502 22,088 44,214 Weekend 5,354 5,782 11,180 22,316




kWh Savings


South Bend




Both Seasons

Weekday 10,818 11,823 22,474 45,115 Weekend 5,398 5,840 11,274 22,513


South Bend

Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 32,205 35,022 67,156 134,383 Weekend 16,142 17,336 33,749 67,227


Table 5-9 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: South Side Substation


kWh Savings


South Side Substation, 4099921 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 83,698 123,609 94,670 301,978 Weekend 33,840 50,287 38,477 122,604





Both Seasons

Weekday 141,063 148,737 145,946 435,746 Weekend 54,482 57,307 55,876 167,664




Cooling Weekday 0 0 0 0 Weekend 0 0 0 0 Weekday 75,391 98,306 94,382 268,079



kWh Savings




South Side Substation-

Total

Heating Weekday 300,153 370,652 334,998 1,005,803 Weekend 114,461 143,010 128,777 386,248


Both Seasons

Weekday 300,153 370,652 334,998 1,005,803 Weekend 114,461 143,010 128,777 386,248

Total kWh Savings 414,614 513,662 463,775 1,392,051

Table 5-10 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation


kWh Savings


Spy Run Substation, 4923321 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 22,816 111,815 109,301 243,932 Weekend 11,053 50,920 49,843 111,816



Heating Weekday 0 11,714 295,874 307,587 Weekend 0 5,351 136,806 142,156


Both Seasons

Weekday 6,814 46,405 337,795 391,014 Weekend 2,960 20,143 154,957 178,060


Spy Run Substation-

Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 29,630 158,219 447,096 634,946 Weekend 14,013 71,063 204,800 289,876



Table 5-11 PY2018 kWh Savings with VVO On by Circuit, Season, and Day of Week: State Street Substation


kWh Savings


State Street




Both Seasons

Weekday 26,631 27,329 26,616 80,576 Weekend 12,775 13,321 12,677 38,773


State Street




Both Seasons

Weekday 81,573 83,242 80,908 245,723 Weekend 39,217 40,584 38,497 118,298


State Street




Both Seasons

Weekday 53,693 54,943 53,586 162,222 Weekend 25,784 26,619 25,429 77,832


State Street

Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 161,897 165,514 161,110 488,522 Weekend 77,776 80,524 76,603 234,903


Table 5-12 Summary of PY2018 kWh Savings by Substation and Circuit

Substation Circuit ID Annual

kWh Savings

East Side

4093121 271,260

4093122 749,350

4093123 737,204

4093124 753,879



kWh Savings

4093125 651,221

4093126 599,532

Total 3,762,446

Elcona

4938121 46,088

4938122 263,466

4938123 473,968

Total 783,522

Grabill

4935221 0

4935222 0

4935223 0

Total 0

Hacienda

4933521 36,576

4933523 194,725

4933524 30,680

4933525 125,494

4933526 94,124

4933527 111,323

Total 592,922

Harper

4928821 126,597

4928822 152,310

Total 278,907

Lincoln

4051821 66,464 4051822 61,034 4051824 52,489

Total 179,987

Northland

4933421 114,597

4933422 144,739

4933423 148,341

4933424 143,286

4933425 143,349

4933426 143,144

Total 837,455

Osolo

4058021 313,628

4058022 140,883

4058023 147,094

4058024 133,074

4058025 73,392

4058026 41,343

Total 849,414



kWh Savings

South Bend

4050321 67,452

4050322 66,530

4050323 67,628

Total 201,610

South Side

4099921 424,582

4099922 603,410

4099923 364,058

Total 1,392,050

Spy Run

4923321 355,748

4923322 569,073

Total 924,821

State Street

4928721 119,349

4928722 364,021

4928723 240,055

Total 723,425

Grand Total 10,526,559


5.2 Counterfactual kWh Savings had VVO Always Been “On”

The kWh savings determined for 2018 were used to project kWh savings associated with the counterfactual scenario of continuous “on” VVO operation during 2018. The results for this calculation are reported for each circuit in Table 5-13 through Table 5-23.8 Total energy savings are summarized in Table 5-24.

Table 5-13 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: East Side Substation


kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 80,325 89,639 95,648 265,611 Weekend 32,652 37,397 40,794 110,843





Both Seasons

Weekday 257,928 211,173 256,946 726,047 Weekend 105,908 86,253 106,929 299,090





Both Seasons

Weekday 211,540 234,010 260,505 706,056 Weekend 89,222 97,436 111,627 298,284





Both Seasons

Weekday 233,021 231,773 255,195 719,989 Weekend 92,349 91,864 102,671 286,884


8 Results are not presented for Grabill circuits because, for these circuits, voltage patterns did not appear to demonstrate typical CVR on states and no CVR factors were determined.



kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 199,054 223,700 247,806 670,561 Weekend 80,326 89,587 100,905 270,819





Both Seasons

Weekday 166,541 216,693 221,388 604,622 Weekend 68,379 88,376 92,215 248,970


EastSide Substation-Total

Heating Weekday 895,798 959,251 1,053,480 2,908,529 Weekend 373,542 393,613 443,515 1,210,670


Both Seasons

Weekday 1,148,409 1,206,989 1,337,488 3,692,887 Weekend 468,837 490,913 555,141 1,514,891


Table 5-14 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Elcona Substation


kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 41,482 50,981 43,479 135,941 Weekend 7,360 8,848 7,264 23,472




Cooling Weekday 60,449 69,832 67,328 197,608 Weekend 21,232 24,438 23,564 69,235 Weekday 139,271 171,572 168,220 479,064



kWh Savings







Both Seasons

Weekday 244,338 271,911 273,159 789,409 Weekend 86,429 86,566 90,336 263,331


Elcona Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 425,091 494,464 484,858 1,404,413 Weekend 142,997 154,679 155,547 453,223


Table 5-15 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Hacienda Substation


kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 15,707 20,219 12,808 48,733 Weekend 7,030 8,919 5,589 21,539





Both Seasons

Weekday 83,049 76,388 76,718 236,155 Weekend 37,761 34,544 33,769 106,074


Hacienda Substation, 4933524 Circuit Heating

Weekday 10,570 11,282 10,254 32,106 Weekend 4,560 4,839 4,351 13,750



kWh Savings



Both Seasons

Weekday 12,786 14,545 13,450 40,781 Weekend 5,714 6,315 5,782 17,811





Both Seasons

Weekday 93,937 139,189 156,100 389,227 Weekend 42,630 60,825 68,734 172,190





Both Seasons

Weekday 69,890 111,322 111,308 292,519 Weekend 31,102 48,392 48,948 128,442





Both Seasons

Weekday 82,222 145,914 121,060 349,196 Weekend 35,728 61,054 51,466 148,248


Hacienda Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 357,591 507,577 491,443 1,356,611 Weekend 159,966 220,049 214,289 594,304


Table 5-16 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Harper Substation



kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 114,504 117,416 132,615 364,535 Weekend 39,676 36,966 43,550 120,193





Both Seasons

Weekday 107,555 167,526 145,326 420,406 Weekend 42,302 66,801 56,563 165,665


Harper Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 222,058 284,942 277,941 784,941 Weekend 81,978 103,767 100,113 285,858


Table 5-17 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Lincoln Substation


kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 107,338 110,189 114,054 331,581 Weekend 33,768 33,993 34,766 102,527







kWh Savings







Both Seasons

Weekday 81,110 85,189 91,040 257,339 Weekend 28,205 29,360 30,553 88,118


Lincoln Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 280,409 288,747 305,804 874,961 Weekend 98,826 101,194 104,464 304,485


Table 5-18 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Northland Substation

Circuit ID Season Day of Week kWh Savings





Both Seasons

Weekday 91,070 37,718 20,464 149,251 Weekend 47,018 20,203 10,943 78,164





Both Seasons

Weekday 84,323 34,582 19,086 137,991 Weekend 42,573 18,032 10,079 70,685


Northland Substation, 4933423 Circuit Heating

Weekday 87,614 36,674 20,227 144,515 Weekend 43,379 18,367 10,266 72,012





Both Seasons

Weekday 87,614 36,674 20,227 144,515 Weekend 43,379 18,367 10,266 72,012





Both Seasons

Weekday 96,892 44,689 23,031 164,612 Weekend 35,350 15,565 7,843 58,758





Both Seasons

Weekday 96,499 44,486 22,922 163,907 Weekend 35,119 15,464 7,770 58,353





Both Seasons

Weekday 96,239 44,420 22,901 163,560 Weekend 35,053 15,436 7,759 58,248


Northland Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 552,637 242,569 128,631 923,837 Weekend 238,493 103,067 54,660 396,220


Table 5-19 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Osolo Substation







Both Seasons

Weekday 257,129 285,734 279,817 822,680 Weekend 94,459 99,317 89,879 283,654





Both Seasons

Weekday 127,662 133,887 163,500 425,049 Weekend 41,334 42,163 51,941 135,439





Both Seasons

Weekday 150,162 167,016 162,067 479,245 Weekend 44,067 48,333 45,588 137,988





Both Seasons

Weekday 185,567 166,729 133,547 485,843 Weekend 71,108 61,639 54,913 187,660





Both Seasons

Weekday 95,655 107,786 92,600 296,042 Weekend 35,267 39,420 38,421 113,108




Cooling Weekday -9,416 -9,123 -8,060 -26,600 Weekend -2,339 -2,033 -2,221 -6,593




Both Seasons

Weekday 35,032 33,754 31,384 100,171 Weekend 11,019 9,922 10,268 31,209


Osolo Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 851,207 894,906 862,916 2,609,030 Weekend 297,253 300,795 291,010 889,058


Table 5-20 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: South Bend Substation



South Bend Substation, 4050321

Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 60,600 65,850 127,198 253,648 Weekend 25,861 27,419 54,191 107,470



Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 59,414 64,323 123,530 247,267 Weekend 26,281 28,380 54,880 109,540



Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 61,910 67,666 128,622 258,198 Weekend 26,753 28,945 55,876 111,574


South Bend Substation-Total Heating

Weekday 181,923 197,839 379,351 759,113 Weekend 78,894 84,744 164,947 328,585





Both Seasons

Weekday 181,923 197,839 379,351 759,113 Weekend 78,894 84,744 164,947 328,585


Table 5-21 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: South Side Substation



South Side Substation, 4099921

Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 240,548 356,143 272,765 869,456 Weekend 97,080 143,845 110,063 350,988



Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 405,412 428,541 421,295 1,255,248 Weekend 156,298 163,924 159,831 480,052



Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 216,673 283,240 271,934 771,847 Weekend 74,990 101,306 98,467 274,763


South Side Substation-Total

Heating Weekday 862,634 1,067,924 965,993 2,896,551 Weekend 328,367 409,075 368,361 1,105,803

Cooling Weekday 0 0 0 0 Weekend 0 0 0 0 Weekday 862,634 1,067,924 965,993 2,896,551


Both Seasons Weekend 328,367 409,075 368,361 1,105,803


Table 5-22 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: Spy Run Substation






Both Seasons

Weekday 45,438 218,862 197,820 462,119 Weekend 19,401 89,071 80,628 189,099



Heating Weekday 0 19,093 482,274 501,368 Weekend 0 7,777 198,855 206,632


Both Seasons

Weekday 24,268 142,650 631,585 798,503 Weekend 9,721 56,358 258,467 324,546


Spy Run Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 69,706 361,512 829,404 1,260,622 Weekend 29,121 145,429 339,095 513,646

Total kWh Savings 98,827 506,941 1,168,499 1,774,268

Table 5-23 Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Had VVO Always Been On by Season, and Day of Week: State Street Substation



State Street Substation,

4928721 Circuit









4928722 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 178,654 182,308 177,197 538,160 Weekend 79,141 81,899 77,688 238,727



4928723 Circuit



Both Seasons

Weekday 118,344 121,101 118,110 357,556 Weekend 52,032 53,716 51,315 157,063


State Street Substation-Total



Both Seasons

Weekday 355,765 363,716 354,040 1,073,521 Weekend 156,943 162,487 154,575 474,005


Table 5-24 Summary of Counterfactual PY2018 kWh Savings Has VVO Always Been On by Substation and Circuit

Substation Circuit ID

Annual kWh

Savings

East Side

4093121 376,454

4093122 1,025,138

4093123 1,004,340

4093124 1,006,874

4093125 941,379

4093126 853,592

Total 5,207,778

Elcona 4938121 159,413

4938122 645,484



Annual kWh

Savings 4938123 1,052,740

Total 1,857,637

Grabill

4935221 0

4935222 0

4935223 0

Total 0

Hacienda

4933521 70,272

4933523 342,228

4933524 58,592

4933525 561,417

4933526 420,962

4933527 497,444

Total 1,950,915

Harper 4928821 484,728

4928822 586,072

Total 1,070,799

Lincoln

4051821 434,108

4051822 399,881

4051824 345,457

Total 1,179,446

Northland

4933421 227,416

4933422 208,676

4933423 216,527

4933424 223,370

4933425 222,260

4933426 221,808

Total 1,320,057

Osolo

4058021 1,106,335

4058022 560,488

4058023 617,233

4058024 673,503

4058025 409,150

4058026 131,380

Total 3,498,088

South Bend

4050321 361,118

4050322 356,808

4050323 369,772

Total 1,087,698

4099921 1,220,444



Annual kWh

Savings

South Side

4099922 1,735,301

4099923 1,046,609

Total 4,002,354

Spy Run 4923321 651,218

4923322 1,123,049

Total 1,774,268

State Street

4928721 256,021

4928722 776,887

4928723 514,619

Total 1,547,526 Grand Total 24,496,566


6. Peak Reduction This chapter presents the results of the analysis of demand reduction occurring during I&M 5CP hours. Demand reductions are presented Table 6-1, accounting for those circuits that were “on” during the events.

Table 6-1. kW Reduction during PY2018 I&M 5CP


5/29/2018 6/18/2018 7/10/2018 8/28/2018 9/4/2018 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM

2:00 PM - 3:00 PM

12:00 PM - 1:00 PM

3:00 PM - 4:00 PM

4:00 PM - 5:00 PM

East Side

4093121 49.10 0.00 49.75 16.50 36.94 4093122 171.06 0.00 141.46 47.47 135.65 4093123 187.62 0.00 137.42 47.20 148.68 4093124 209.89 0.00 107.10 107.93 250.40 4093125 182.40 0.00 114.59 113.42 219.19 4093126 152.78 0.00 65.45 73.42 181.73

Total 952.86 0.00 615.77 405.93 972.59

Elcona

4938121 19.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4938122 80.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4938123 166.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 265.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Grabill

4935221 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4935222 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4935223 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Hacienda

4933521 0.00 0.00 7.08 9.59 14.92 4933523 0.00 0.00 6.22 9.26 78.22 4933524 0.00 0.00 5.33 7.86 14.07 4933525 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933526 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933527 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 18.62 26.71 107.22

Harper 4928821 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4928822 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lincoln

4051821 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4051822 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4051824 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Northland

4933421 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933422 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933423 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933424 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933425 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4933426 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Osolo

4058021 0.00 0.00 0.00 92.41 199.37 4058022 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.16 114.91 4058023 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.51 127.55 4058024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.27 4058025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67.32 4058026 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 51.02



5/29/2018 6/18/2018 7/10/2018 8/28/2018 9/4/2018 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM

2:00 PM - 3:00 PM

12:00 PM - 1:00 PM

3:00 PM - 4:00 PM

4:00 PM - 5:00 PM

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 252.09 653.45

South Bend

4050321 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4050322 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4050323 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

South Side

4099921 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4099922 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4099923 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Spy Run 4923321 89.24 93.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 4923322 65.02 206.37 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 154.26 300.06 0.00 0.00 0.00

State Street

4928721 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4928722 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4928723 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Grand Total 1,372.80 300.06 634.39 684.73 1,733.26

The summarized results for each during I&M 5CP event are presented in Table 6-2 below.

Table 6-2. Summary of kW Reductions during I&M 5CP Events

Date Hour Start Hour End kW Reduction

5/29/2018 1,372.80 1,372.80 1,372.80 6/18/2018 300.06 300.06 300.06 7/10/2018 634.39 634.39 634.39 8/28/2018 684.73 684.73 684.73 9/4/2018 1,733.26 1,733.26 1,733.26

Maximum Peak kW Reduction 1,733.26 Average Peak kW Reduction 945.05


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