2020-2021 - tsbie.cgg.gov.in

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2020-21

Coordinating Committee

Sri Syed Omer Jaleel, IAS

Commissioner, Intermediate Education &

Secretary, Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education

Hyderabad

Dr. Md. Abdul Khaliq

Controller of Examination

Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education

Md. Abdul Rawoof

Special Officer Urdu

Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education

Educational Research and Training Wing

Ramana Rao Vudithyala

Reader

Vasundhara Devi Kanjerla

Assistant Professor

T. Mahendar Kumar

Assistant Professor

Learning Material Contributors

URDU VERSION

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KHAJA AZEMUDDIN

Principal (Rtd),

Govt. Jr. College Kalher, SANGAREDDY

ENGLISH VERSION

Thatiparti Srinivas Rao

J.L. in Botany,

GJC, Ibrahimpatnam, R.R. Dist.

Pogula Laxmaiah

J.L. in Botany,

GJC, Hayathnagar, R.R. Dist.

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GENETICS ðððð]]]]PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE

AND VARIATION 9

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III

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INHERITANCE

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ÐgZ‚c*aYD�t¿¬xîg tRNA Åñ�ŠÏ~u¤/xƒ™ZyÆZÝ ATP Z�F,˜ �Z[:ÅegkBB@*ìX tRNAÐ

ZZZZ��áááágggg{{{{»»»»HHHH÷÷÷÷ƒƒƒƒ@@@@****ìììì???? AUG .12

Å»g~ÆnÑz¬CZ�ág{ƒ@*ìZzg m R N A Z�ág{Šz÷ZxŠêìXt A U G �Z[:$4-�ð GG2ÆnÌZ�ág{ƒ@*ìX Methioninet

ÅÅÅÅ°°°°pppp<<<<XXXXZZZZ��áááágggg{{{{ssssXXXX Stop codon ÈÈÈÈZZZZ��áááágggg{{{{ .13

��6,z”Å@*;»Z!x™D�ÈZ�ág{BD�XtËÌZ�F,˜ Codon Z,Z�ág{ �Z[:UGA, UAG, UAA ÆnZ�ág{7™D‰:

ZZZZ��áááágggg{{{{ŠŠŠŠJJJJ§§§§ÆÆÆÆŠŠŠŠggggxxxxyyyyHHHH&&&&ÛÛÛÛttttƒƒƒƒ@@@@****ìììì???? Coding ‚‚‚‚ççççŠŠŠŠJJJJ§§§§ZZZZzzzzgggg (Template) ÆÆÆÆ‚‚‚‚ãããã~~~~ DNA .14

ŠJ§Zzg (Template) Å@*;Æne~Z+Z}»zZuŠJ§��gÝƒ@*ìX‚ç mRNA �Z[:ŠJ§B@*ìXaè**>zÂZ‚k Coding Z#�e~Z+Z}»ŠzuZŠJ§�F,)ãc*Z�ág{7™@*

Ðx/ƒCìX RNA ÅF,KM


ÆÆÆÆŠŠŠŠggggxxxxyyyyÃÃÃÃððððŠŠŠŠzzzz&&&&ÛÛÛÛtttteeee��XXXX RNA ZZZZzzzzgggg DNA .15

RNA DNA

ƒ@*ìX Ribose ~]»‚? RNA (1

0*c*Y@*ìX Uracil Zk~ (2

ƒ@*ìX Deoxyribose ~]»‚? DNA (1

0*c*Y@*ì (Thymine) Zk~Š} (2

ƒƒƒƒ@@@@****ììììXXXXŠŠŠŠ¤¤¤¤////********>>>>zzzzÂÂÂÂZZZZ‚‚‚‚kkkk 30% »»»»ÚÚÚÚƒƒƒƒ********>>>>zzzzÂÂÂÂZZZZ‚‚‚‚kkkk»»»» Thymine ÆÆÆÆ‚‚‚‚????~~~~ DNA ZZZZqqqq----uuuu .16

ÆÆÆÆÚÚÚÚƒƒƒƒÃÃÃÃ¥¥¥¥xxxx<<<<XXXXAdenine = 30% �Z[:Guanine = 20%

Cytocine = 20%

óóóó30% Guanine óóóó18% Adenine ŠŠŠŠØØØØ‰‰‰‰EEEEààààððððFFFF,,,,˜~~~~EEEEèèèèNNNN****àààà»»»»ÚÚÚÚƒƒƒƒZZZZkkkk§§§§bbbbìììì:::: �� .17

XXXXZZZZkkkkEEEEààààððððFFFF,,,,˜»»»»********xxxxZZZZzzzzggggZZZZkkkk~~~~ŠŠŠŠJJJJÍÍÍÍVVVVÅÅÅÅ®®®®ZZZZŠŠŠŠÃÃÃÃeeee��XXXX 10% Uracil ZZZZzzzzgggg Cytosine42%

ìX RNAt �Z[:Zk~zZuŠJ§ƒ@*ìX 4

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nÆÙc*Ãaì~ŠZ4HXaìÅñ]zZµƒðX S Zkä (i)

nÆÙc*Ãaì~ŠZ4Ha;i0+{g;X R Zkä (ii)

nÆÙc*ÃwZg]Ð»™Æaì~ŠZ4Ha;»7ƒZi0+{g;X S Zkä (iii)

nÆÙc*Æ‚B5™ R nÙc*TÃwZg]Ð»HŠHåZkÃ S Z[Zkä (iv)

aì~ŠZ4HŠHXZk~%*Fg~ªCÙƒðZzgaì%‰XnÆÙc*~ŠZ4ƒZZknaìÆŸÐ R DNA nÆÙc*»',^ S Zkäec*�

n(qÝƒñªz{$Ùc*~psƒŠHX S øÈÙc*)Ã�gQCâŠ{JwHŠHX DNA ˆ~»c*$+àÆZßwÆ_.

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ÆÆÆÆŠŠŠŠ////~~~~¸gggg~~~~********>>>>zzzzXXXX6666++++CCCCéééé XXXXEEEEÅÅÅÅZZZZÌÌÌÌ6666,,,,cccc<<<<XXXX Stahl ZZZZzzzzgggg Meselson .2

ÃtÅYõ (Semiconservative) ÅŠCÙZ+MÆ4+B©ŠöGEE

DNAäStahl Zzg Meselson � �Z[:~ÅX 1958

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»Zq-ŠJ§/ÚŠzu}ŠJ§Æ¸g~ƒ@*ìX DNA e{ƒ@*ìZzgÙc*Æ DNA

Semi ¸g~ŠJ§Z-ŠJ§ÅúÒÏ™@*ìZzg−ŠJ§*@*;”{ƒ@*ìX�

nB@*ìX conservative

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9999ìììì????ZZZZLLLL��ZZZZ[[[[ÃÃÃÃŠŠŠŠ????ÐÐÐÐŒŒŒŒ��XXXX7tÒy97ìX �Z[:

ÆZq-Z‚kÅp~ÐÌpwaZƒ@*ìTÃpwë�X DNA

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ƒD�: RNA Polymerase 3Æ%œ/}~ÁZiÁ&nÆ �Z[:(28S, 18S, 5.8S) Å0*g\ò™D�X r RNA :� I- 0*Ê-,çGm, RNA (1

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(RNA )gLâZC �Xóóóó H.G. Khoranaóóóó George Gamow »»»»ÜÜÜÜ<<<<™™™™ääää~~~~ (Genetic code) ��ZZZZ��áááágggg{{{{ .5

ÆÆÆÆHHHH}}}}....ââââ]]]]��???? Marshall Nirenberg

Z�F,ØVÃ 20 Zkä&wzsÆZ�ág{ÆZk**]ÅY+$ÂzŠÑðª ::::George Gamow �Z[:™äÆnCÙZ�ág{&**>zÂZ‚k6,Œƒ**e’XZkä?m,Š~�gŠz$+wZzg Code

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Z�ág{ÃK~æŠBXÅÅÅÅUUUU****ââââ~~~~‚‚‚‚||||####ÃÃÃÃŠŠŠŠ3333cccc****ŠŠŠŠHHHHììììXXXXffffssss~~~~ŠŠŠŠØØØØ‰‰‰‰””””VVVVÆÆÆÆ££££xxxxÃÃÃÃ********''''××××ŠŠŠŠ<<<<XXXX tRNAnnnn .6

(3' end) uZ 3 (e) (5' end) uZ 5 (d) Stem{ ¡Z�ág (c) Stem Jwà{ (b) ¡Z�ág{ (a)

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stem ¡Z�ágC¡Z�ág{

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�Z[:�

ÆÆÆÆŠŠŠŠggggxxxxyyyyHHHH&&&&ÛÛÛÛttttììììssss???? RNA ZZZZzzzzgggg DNA .8

�Z[:DNA RNA

�âŠ{7ƒ@*)ÎZñPzZ],kÆ( RNA .1

tic*Š{F,3ât~0*c*Y@*ìXÜs¼lZg .2

%œ/{~ƒCìXtZ7~)zZu(iî~ƒ@*ìX .3

ƒCìX Ribose Zk~ñ�Š] .4

óAdenine ZkÆeg**>zÂZ‚k .5

ƒD�X Cytosine Zzg UracilóGuanine

Zzg Purine Zk~)z~®ZŠ~7ƒDX .6

~Ãð{mÚ7ƒCX Pyramidine

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Y@*ìXŠzCÙ~iî~ƒ@*ìX .3

ƒCìX Deoxyribose Zk~ñ�Š] .4

Thymine ZkÆeg**>zÂZ‚k .5

ƒD Cytosine Zzg Guanine óAdenine

�X1:1 ÆZ‚k)z~ Pyramidine Zzg Purine .6

Ú~ƒD�XÅÅÅÅZZZZëëëëSSSS::::]]]]ssssXXXX (Genetic Code) QQQQCCCCZZZZ��áááágggg{{{{ .9

Z�ág{¯D�X 61 ƒ@*ì�Z�F,ØVÆn] (Triplet) QCZ�ág{„~ (1 �[:


ƒD�X Stop codon 7™D®Zt Code Zy~&Z�ág{ËÌZ�F,˜Æn (2

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ƒD�X Code ƒ@*ìªPZ�F,Zq-Ðic*Š{Z�ágzVÐ Degenerate Z�ág{ (4

7ƒDX (Punctuation) Z�ág{ÚƒD�Zy~ÃðgñiZz‡] (5

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Ænƒ@*ìX Phenylalanine

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»Ì»x™@*ìX (Initiator) Z�ág{ÆÆÆÆ!!!!****gggg}}}}~~~~¿¿¿¿UUUUssssXXXX (Nucleosome) EEEEèèèèiiiizzzzxxxx .10

¹Y@*ìX Histone Octomer WJ‚@Z»ÇV~±ƒD�XÃ (Histone)4h4ð XHy �Z[:

(2xH2A, 2xH2B, 2xH3, 2xH4)

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B@*ìX Linker DNA »z�ŠzEèizxÃ�h@*ì DNA �

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4h4ð XHyZ²-,çH

c*‚? Cone 4h4ð XHy‚?»Z0+gzã

(Nucleosome) EEEEèèèèiiiizzzzxxxx

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TÃÛzãe~Z+Z}ÆŸÅäqÝ™äÆnZEwHY@*ì (Vector) Z,qï �Z[:¹Y@*ìX Cloning Vector

}:ö\.5åGHóÙc*ðW²Zzg»\.5åGHeeee~~~~ZZZZ++++ZZZZ}}}}HHHHìììì???? (Recombinent) ((((ggggZZZZââââZZZZYYYY .6

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"MALAYALAM" 5' GAATTC 3'

3' CTTAAG 5'

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HHHHìììì????tttt§§§§CCCC))))ßßßßYYYY~~~~¾¾¾¾§§§§bbbbææææŠŠŠŠÇÇÇÇggggƒƒƒƒ@@@@****ìììì???? (Full form) ÅÅÅÅ====ôôôô PCR .8

ìX Polymerase Chain Reaction Zk»È (1 �Z[:ZzgŠgxã»yÆ®tÜFg~ÅøáÆn»gWæƒCìX TBóAidst (2

Æfg= Thermocycler Zk§iÃZEw™ÆåÅäqÝÅYC��ÛR,á (3

ZxŠc*Y@*ìXHHHHìììì???? Down Stream Processing .9

§C@*c]ÅŠÆ@*dõ&]ÃâgÈÐIZyÅŸzZg$ZzgeÏ¢zg~ (1 �Z[:¹Y@*ìX Down Stream Processing ƒCìTÃù¦îg6,

tÛzãåÅå@*;ÆZkÅeÏZzg$™ä»Zq-§iìX (2

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ÃúVÅñ�ŠÏ UV Ðgôm,~Æˆ Ethedium Bromide e{”{e~Z+Z}Æ•zVÃ �Z[:~Š¬YYìX

~~~~WWWW\\\\¾¾¾¾§§§§bbbb¸&&&&™™™™,,,,ÐÐÐÐ???? Endonuclease ZZZZzzzzgggg Exonuclease .11

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ÆA Zzg G e~Z+Z}Æºm£xÅÙ|#™Æ EcoR1 ËŠg?Ø™»3�X}Šgxy»ÒìX

5' GAATTC 3'

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**ï**ò‚bŠZVä Nathan h+~{%zVÃÙc*ÐZ~.HY@*ìZkÃƒÐ¬ �

Šgc*ÄHX

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Æ(gZâZY‚?Å»g~~ZEwHY@*ì� DNA h+~{%zVÃQCZb8-~ �

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{%{ZEwHY@*ìX DNA Polymerase ÆÃLZzg Primers

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) : Each cycle has three steps::::(i) Denaturation; (ii) Primer annealing; and (iii) Extension of primers

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HUMAN WELFARE

VIPlants, Microbes andHuman Welfare

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Howard Florey .3


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