20640503 planer machine ppt
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how planer machine worksplaner machinebasic concept of planer machineparts of planer machineuses of planer machinetypes of planer machineTRANSCRIPT
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PLANER MACHINES
Presented By:
Josell L. Caipang
Richard E. Lagata
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What is a planer ?
A planer is a type of metalworking machine
tool that is some what similar to a shaper, !t
larger, and with the entire workpiece mo"ing
eneath the c!tter, instead of the c!tter mo"ingao"e a stationary workpiece. #he work tale is
mo"ed ack and forth on the ed eneath the
c!tting head either y mechanical means, s!ch as
a rack and pinion gear, or y a hydra!lic cylinder.
Planers and shapers were !sed generally for two
types of work: generating acc!rate flat s!rfaces
and c!tting slots.
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Rack and Pinion gear
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Rack and Pinion gear
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#here are two types of planers for metal: do!le0
ho!sing and open0side. #he do!le0ho!sing
"ariety has "ertical s!pports on oth sides of its
long ed1 the open0side "ariety has a "erticals!pport on only one side, allowing the workpiece
to etend eyond the ed. $etal planers can
"ary in si-e from a tale si-e of 234)564 to63()76(, and in weight from aro!nd 63,333 ls to
o"er 8,333,333 ls
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CLASSIFICATIO OFPLA!R
Planer are generally di"ided into 9 types
o!le ho!sing planer
;pens side planer
Edge type planer
i"ide tale planer
Pit type planer
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"OU#L! $OUSI%PLA!R $assi"e ed on which worktale
reciprocates
#wo "ertical col!mns on which two tool
head slides
Cross rail fitted etween two col!mns
and carries one or two heads slides
hori-ontally. All the tools works according to
re!irement.
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OP! SI"! PLA!R
<t consist of one "ertical col!mn may
e mo!nted on the cross rail
col!mn and cross rail consist of single
and do!le tool head =sed for the machining of wide work
pieces
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!"%! T&P! PLA!R
=sed for the machining on the edges of
hea"y work pieces
/ork piece is clamped on the ed
Carriage is mo!nted on the side.
C!tting tool reciprocates on the edges of
work piece
C!tting takes place on oth direction ofcarriage tra"el.
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!"%! T&P!
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"I'I"! T&P!PLA!R it also called tandem planer.
Consist of two worktale.
=sed for contin!o!s mass prod!ction.
;n one tale the work piece is eing
machined and on the other tale work
piece is on standy.
#wo tale are also %oin together whenneeded.
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"I'I"! T&P! PLA!R
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PIT T&P! PLA!R
;n this type work piece and tool are
stationary and tale reciprocates.
=sed for the machining of hea"y !lky
work piece ;ne or two tool heads can e mo!nted
on the cross rail. #wo side tool post are
mo!nted if needed.
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PLANING MACHINEPARTS
#he principle parts of the planer are:
Bed
#ale
Col!mn
Cross rail #ool head
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#!"
#he ed of a planer is
large in si-e and hea"y in
weight
<t s!pports the col!mn
and all other mo"ing parts
of the machine
<t is made slightly longer
than twice the length of
the tale so that the f!lllength of the tale may
e mo"ed on it
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TA#L!
#he tale s!pports the work
and reciprocates along the
ways of the ed
#ale is made from good
!ality cast iron #he top face of the tale is
acc!rately finished in order to
locate the work correctly
#0slots are pro"ided on the
entire length of the tale sothat the work and work
holding de"ices may e
olted !pon it
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COLUM
#hese are rigid o0like
"ertical str!ct!res placed on
each side of the ed and are
fastened to the sides of the
ed #hey are hea"ily ried to
trace !p se"ere forces d!e
to c!tting
#he cross rail may e madeto slide !p and down for
accommodating different
heights of work
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CROSSRAIL
<t is a rigid o0like casting
connecting the two col!mns
<t may e raised or lowered on
the face of the ho!sing and can
e clamped at a desired position
y man!al or electrical clampingde"ices
<t sho!ld remain asol!tely
parallel to the top s!rface of the
tale
<t is necessary to generate a flathori-ontal s!rface on a work
piece eca!se the tool follows the
part on the cross rail d!ring cross
feed
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TOOL$!A"
#ool heads are mo!nted on
the cross rail y a saddle
#he saddle may e made to
mo"e trans"ersely on the
cross rail to gi"e cross feed #he swi"el ase is pi"oted on
the saddle and is grad!ated
on each side to 73 degrees
the clapper lock is hinged at
hinge pins to the clapperlock and it holds the tool
post in which the tool is
clamped y straps
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Tool and Applications
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Magnetic base dial testindicator
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PLANEROPERATIONS
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Introd(ction
;perations performed in a planer are similar
to that of a shaper. #he only difference is that
a planer is specially designed for planning
large work, whereas a shaper can machineonly small work. #he common types of work
machined in a planer are: the ases and
tales of all kinds of machine tools, large
str!ct!res, frames of different engines andidentical pieces of work which may e small
in si-e !t large in n!mer.
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The co))on operationsperfor)ed in a planer are*
Planning flat hori-ontal s!rfaces.
Planning "ertical s!rfaces.
Planning at an angle and machining
do"etails.
Planning c!r"ed s!rfaces.
Planning slots and groo"es.
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Planning hori+ontal s(rfaces*,
/hile machining hori-ontal s!rface, the
work is gi"en a reciprocating mo"ement
along with the tale and the tool is fed
crosswise to complete the c!t. Both therailheads may e !sed for sim!ltaneo!s
remo"al of the metal from two c!tting
edges.
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Planning -erticals(rface*, #he "ertical s!rface of a work is planed
y ad%!sting the saddle hori-ontally along
the cross rail !ntil the tool is in a position
to gi"e the re!ired depth of c!t. #he"ertical slide is ad%!sted perpendic!lar to
the planer tale and the apron is
swi"eled in a direction so that the tool will
swing clear o!t of the machined s!rface
d!ring the ret!rn stroke.
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Planning ang(lars(rface*, >or do"etail work , c!tting " ?groo"es
etc. the tool head is swi"eled to the
re!ired angle and the apron is then
f!rther swi"eled away from the work togi"e relief to the tool c!tting edges
d!ring the ret!rn stroke.
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Planning c(r-eds(rface*, #his ill!strates simple method of planning
a conca"e s!rface with the aid of a
special fit!re consisting of a radi!s arm 2
and a racket 6. the racket is connectedto the cross memer attached to the two
ho!sings. ;ne end of the radi!s arm 2 is
pi"oted on the racket and the other end
to the "ertical slide ' of the tool head. #hedown feed screw of the tool head is
remo"ed.
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Planning slots orgroo-es*, @lots or groo"es are c!t y !sing slotting
tools. #he operations is similar to that of
a shaper.
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PLANNER TOOLS
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#he c!tting tools !sed on planers are
all single point c!tting tools.
#hey are in general similar in shapes
and tool angles to those !sed on a
lathe and shaping machine.
As a planer tool has to take !p hea"y
c!t and coarse feed d!ring a long
c!tting stroke , the tools are madehea"ier and larger in cross section.
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Planer tools may e solid , forged type or
it type.
Bits are made of high speed steel, stelliteor cemented caride and they may e
ra-ed , welded or clamped on a mild
steel shank. Cemented caride tipped tools are !sed
for prod!ction work.
A planer tool may also e classified asright hand or left hand and ro!ghing or
finishing .
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planer are*, Right hand ro(ndnosed ro(ghing tool for cast
iron/
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Right hand ro(nd nosed ro(ghingtool for steel/
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S0(are nosed side facingro(ghing tool for cast iron/
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%ooseneck 1nishing tool for castiron and steel/
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Left hand do-etail end c(ttingro(ghing tool for cast iron/
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Cutting Speed ,eed And!ept" O# Cut$
C!tting speed.
>eed.
epth of c!t.
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CUTTI% SP!!"*
#he c!tting speed of a planner is the
rate at the metal is remo"ed d!ring
the forward c!tting stroke.
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F!!"*,
#he feed in planning machine is the
distance the tool head tra"els at the
eginning of each c!tting stroke
epressed in mm per do!le stroke.
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"!PT$ OF CUT/
<t is the thickness of metal remo"ed in
one c!t and is meas!red y the
perpendic!lar distance etween the
machined and no machined s!rfaceepressed in mm.
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MAC$II% TIM!/
#he c!tting speed , feed , length of
c!tting stroke , readth of the %o and
n!mer of do!le strokes per min!te for
a planer operation are known , themachining time re!ired for one
complete c!t may e calc!lated .
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SAF!T& O T$! PLA!R/
Protect the machine from !rrs and
irreg!larities of the work pieces .
Le"eling of machine tales sho!ld of
the maintained properly. =se of crane in fiing the work piece
sho!ld e done caref!lly. #he operator
m!st attach a clamp and a sling eforethe part is picked !p y the crane.
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>or the s!rfacing work the tool head is set
"ertically . Appropriate tests sho!ld e
carried o!t for the same. #he depth of the c!t and the feed rate are
always dependent on materials of tool and
work piece . <t sho!ld not e set at a high
"al!e %!st eca!se the planner is a powerf!l
machine tool.
@afety cl!tch m!st e pro"ide for feed and
power rapid tra"erse , to pre"ent reakage inthe e"ent the tale sho!ld r!n against an
ostr!ction.
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