planer-machine by sherwin opeda
DESCRIPTION
planer machineTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLANER MACHINES
A Brief Discussion About Fabrication And Machining Processes
Presented By:SHERWIN D. OPEDAFRANK ROLAND RINBSME II-A
![Page 2: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a planer ?
A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that is some what similar to a shaper, but larger, and with the entire workpiece moving beneath the cutter, instead of the cutter moving above a stationary workpiece. The work table is moved back and forth on the bed beneath the cutting head either by mechanical means, such as a rack and pinion gear, or by a hydraulic cylinder.
Planers and shapers were used generally for two types of work: generating accurate flat surfaces and cutting slots.
![Page 3: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rack and Pinion gear
![Page 4: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Contd……..
![Page 5: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Uses Of a Modern Planer Modern planers are used by smaller tool and die shops within larger production facilities to maintain and repair large stamping dies and plastic injection moulds. Additional uses include any other task where an abnormally large (usually in the range of 4'×8' or more) block of metal must be squared when a horizontal grinder or floor mill is unavailable, too expensive, or impractical to use. While not as precise as grinding, a planer can remove a tremendous amount of material in one pass with high accuracy.
![Page 6: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Contd……..
There are two types of planers for metal: double-housing and open-side. The double-housing variety has vertical supports on both sides of its long bed; the open-side variety has a vertical support on only one side, allowing the workpiece to extend beyond the bed. Metal planers can vary in size from a table size of 30"×72" to 20'×62', and in weight from around 20,000 lbs to over 1,000,000 lbs
![Page 7: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Classification of Planer
Planers are generalley divided into 5 types:
Double Housing Planer Open Side Planer Edge Type Planer Divide Table Planer Pit Type Planer
![Page 8: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Double Housing Planer
It is the most common type of planer. It consists of mainly a massive bed on which the worktable reciprocates, and two vertical columns or housing, one on each side of the bed. Each column carries a tool head that can be slide up and down on the column. A cross rail fitted between the two columns may carry one or two tool heads that can slide horizontally on the cross rail. All the tool heads can be clamped in position, and can be used collectively or individually depending on the requirements.
![Page 9: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Open Side Planer
Open side planer consists of only one vertical column or housing on which the cross rail is mounted. The column and the cross rail carry single and double tool heads respectively. This type of machine permits machining of wide work pieces.
![Page 10: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Edge Type Planer
This type of machine is used for machining the edges of heavy workpieces. The workpiece is clamped on the bed and the side mounted carriage supporting the cutting tool is reciprocated along the edge of the workpiece. Cutting can take place during both directions of carriage travel.
![Page 11: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Divide Type Planer
It is also called tandem planer and consists of two worktables, which may be reciprocated together or separately. It is quite well known that, mounting and setting of workpieces on the worktable consumes more time thereby restricting the machine for continuous mass production applications. In such cases, divided table planer can be used, where in, one worktable can be used for setting up a new workpiece, while the second worktable carrying workpiece is being machined. The two tables can be joined together to hold large workpieces.
![Page 12: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pit Type Planer A pit type planer differs from other planer in the
sense that, the table and the work piece resting on it remain stationary and the tool reciprocates across the work surface. This type of machine is preferred for very large work, where the weight of the work piece and the tool required table would make reciprocating movement difficult. The job is either mounted on a stationary table, or on the floor inside a pit, and hence the name pit type planer. One or two tool heads can be mounted on the cross rail and two side tool posts the housings, if required. The entire unit travels along the horizontal ways and fro and, thus the tool moves past the work surface during operation.
![Page 13: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PLANING MACHINE PARTSThe principle parts of the planer are: Bed Table Column Cross rail Tool head
![Page 14: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BED
The bed of a planer is large in size and heavy in weight
It supports the column and all other moving parts of the machine
It is made slightly longer than twice the length of the table so that the full length of the table may be moved on it
![Page 15: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TABLE
The table supports the work and reciprocates along the ways of the bed
Table is made from good quality cast iron
The top face of the table is accurately finished in order to locate the work correctly
T-slots are provided on the entire length of the table so that the work and work holding devices may be bolted upon it
![Page 16: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
COLUMN
These are rigid box-like vertical structures placed on each side of the bed and are fastened to the sides of the bed
They are heavily ribbed to trace up severe forces due to cutting
The cross rail may be made to slide up and down for accommodating different heights of work
![Page 17: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CROSSRAIL
It is a rigid box-like casting connecting the two columns
It may be raised or lowered on the face of the housing and can be clamped at a desired position by manual or electrical clamping devices
It should remain absolutely parallel to the top surface of the table
It is necessary to generate a flat horizontal surface on a work piece because the tool follows the part on the cross rail during cross feed
![Page 18: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TOOLHEAD
Tool heads are mounted on the cross rail by a saddle
The saddle may be made to move transversely on the cross rail to give cross feed
The swivel base is pivoted on the saddle and is graduated on each side to 60 degrees
the clapper block is hinged at hinge pins to the clapper block and it holds the tool post in which the tool is clamped by straps
![Page 19: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tool and Applications
![Page 20: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Magnetic base dial test indicator
![Page 21: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PLANER OPERATIONSWhat all can be done……?
![Page 22: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Introduction
Operations performed in a planer are similar to that of a shaper. The only difference is that a planer is specially designed for planning large work, whereas a shaper can machine only small work. The common types of work machined in a planer are: the bases and tables of all kinds of machine tools, large structures, frames of different engines and identical pieces of work which may be small in size but large in number.
![Page 23: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The common operations performed in a planer are:
Planning flat horizontal surfaces. Planning vertical surfaces. Planning at an angle and machining
dovetails. Planning curved srfaces. Planning slots and grooves.
![Page 24: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Planning horizontal surfaces:-
While machining horizontal surface, the work is given a reciprocating movement along with the table and the tool is fed crosswise to complete the cut. Both the railheads may be used for simultaneous removal of the metal from two cutting edges.
![Page 25: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Planning vertical surface:- The vertical surface of a work is
planed by adjusting the saddle horizontally along the cross rail until the tool is in a position to give the required depth of cut. The vertical slide is adjusted perpendicular to the planer table and the apron is swiveled in a direction so that the tool will swing clear out of the machined surface during the return stroke.
![Page 26: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Planning angular surface:- For dovetail work , cutting v –grooves
etc. the tool head is swiveled to the required angle and the apron is then further swiveled away from the work to give relief to the tool cutting edges during the return stroke.
![Page 27: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Planning curved surface:- This illustrates simple method of
planning a concave surface with the aid of a special fixture consisting of a radius arm 3 and a bracket 2. the bracket is connected to the cross member attached to the two housings. One end of the radius arm 3 is pivoted on the bracket and the other end to the vertical slide 4 of the tool head. The down feed screw of the tool head is removed.
![Page 28: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Planning slots or grooves:- Slots or grooves are cut by using
slotting tools. The operations is similar to that of a shaper.
![Page 29: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PLANNER TOOLS
![Page 30: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The cutting tools used on planers are all single point cutting tools.
They are in general similar in shapes and tool angles to those used on a lathe and shaping machine.
As a planer tool has to take up heavy cut and coarse feed during a long cutting stroke , the tools are made heavier and larger in cross section.
![Page 31: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Planner tools may be solid , forged type or bit type.
Bits are made of high speed steel, stellite or cemented carbide and they may be brazed , welded or clamped on a mild steel shank.
Cemented carbide tipped tools are used for production work.
A planer tool may also be classified as right hand or left hand and roughing or finishing .
![Page 32: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The typical tools used in a planer are:- Right hand round nosed roughing tool for cast iron.
![Page 33: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Right hand round nosed roughing tool for steel.
![Page 34: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Square nosed side facing roughing tool for cast iron.
![Page 35: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Gooseneck finishing tool for cast iron and steel.
![Page 36: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Left hand dovetail end cutting roughing tool for cast iron.
![Page 37: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Cutting Speed ,Feed And Depth Of Cut. Cutting speed. Feed. Depth of cut.
![Page 38: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CUTTING SPEED:
The cutting speed of a planner is the rate at the metal is removed during the forward cutting stroke.
![Page 39: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
FEED:-
The feed in planning machine is the distance the tool head travels at the beginning of each cutting stroke expressed in mm per double stroke.
![Page 40: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DEPTH OF CUT.
It is the thickness of metal removed in one cut and is measured by the perpendicular distance between the machined and no machined surface expressed in mm.
![Page 41: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
MACHINING TIME.
The cutting speed , feed , length of cutting stroke , breadth of the job and number of double strokes per minute for a planer operation are known , the machining time required for one complete cut may be calculated .
![Page 42: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SHAPER VERSUS PLANER
Shaper and planer are both reciprocating machine tools and both of them are primarily intended to produce flat surface , but they differ very much in construction , operation and use.
![Page 43: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
SAFTEY ON THE PLANNER.
Protect the machine from burrs and irregularities of the work pieces . Leveling of machine tables should of the maintained properly.
Use of crane in fixing the work piece should be done carefully. The operator must attach a clamps and a sling before the part is picked up by the crane.
![Page 44: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
For the surfacing work the tool head is set vertically . Appropriate tests should be carried out for the same.
The depth of the cu and the feed rate are always dependent on materials of tool and work piece . It should not be set at a high value just because the planner is a powerful machine tool.
Safety clutch must be provide for feed and power rapid traverse , to prevent breakage in the event the table should run against an obstruction.
![Page 45: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Use of vertical power rapid traverse for feeding the table should never be allowed.
![Page 46: planer-machine by sherwin opeda](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070319/557c57bbd8b42a0b4b8b49d0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
THANK YOUADD ME UP IN FACEBOOK @ [email protected]