20th c art
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The Twentieth Century
Da da daaaaaaaaa!!!
1933 Hitler becomes the German Chancellor
1937 The Japanese invasion of China
1939 The outbreak of World War II
1942 Nuclear chain reaction produced in Chicago by Enrico Fermi
1944 The production of the first digital computer
1945 End of World War II
1947 India and Pakistan become independent republics
1956 Soviet forces crush the uprising in Hungary
1957 The Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community
1966 The Cultural Revolution begins in China
Chronology
Leading Characteristics of 20th c.● Greatest revolution in the history of Western painting● Artists broke away from the traditional and set unprecedented
aims Representing the subconscious Metaphysical Speed Violent emotions
● Development of Abstract Art form, line and colour used independent of a subject
● A lot of experimental work● Movements were formed – disbanded and reformed in rapid
succession● Much interchange of ideas as artists moved from group to
group● Manifestos were often written
Some popular movements included
• Modernism
• Fauvism
• Symbolism
• Cubism
• Futurism
• Dadism
• Neo-Plasticism
• Expressionism
• Surrealism Abstract art
• Abstract-Expressionism
• Op Art
• Pop Art
Art Nouveau1895 – 1920’s
Archibald Knox
Claret jug, 1900–1901
Alphonse Mucha
Gustav Klimt The Kiss, 1907
France
● Still the top city in the art world● Opens with Fauvists led by Henri Matisse● Cubists led by Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque● School of Paris
Henri RousseauThe Merry Jesters, 1906
School of Paris• 1900- 1940
• Conventional subjects:– portraiture– figure studies– landscapes– Cityscapes– still lifes
• French Artists at the time included:– Henri Matisse– André Derain– Pierre Bonnard– Jean Dubuffet– Henri Rousseau
• Picasso leading figure• Huge wave if international
artists including:– Giorgio de Chirico – Joan Miró – Amedeo Modigliani – Constantin Brancusi– Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall The Betrothed, 1911
The Marketplace, Vitebsk, 1917
Amedeo ModiglianiBeatrice Hastings Assise,
1915
Constantin Brancusi,
Madamoiselle
Amedeo Modigliani Reclining Nude, 1917
ExpressionismLate 19th C
‘ Expressionism, to my way of thinking, does not consist of the passion mirrored upon a human face or betrayed by a violent gesture. The whole arrangement of my picture is expressive. The place occupied by the figures or objects, the empty spaces around them, the proportions – everything plays a part’
Matisse
"An Expressionist wishes, above all, to express himself....[An Expressionist rejects] immediate perception and builds on more complex psychic structures....Impressions and mental images that pass through mental peoples soul as through a filter which rids them of all substantial accretions to produce their clear essence [...and] are assimilated and condense into more general forms, into types, which he transcribes through simple short-hand formulae and symbols." (Gordon, 1987)
Antonin Matijcek
Expressionism
• Main artists– Emil Nolde– Max Beckmann– Carl Hofer– August Macke– Edvard Munch – Egon Schiele– Wassily Kandinsky
• Characteristics of their work:– representational– Distorted figures and objects to
express the emotion – Employment of black outlines– Sharp angular form– Clashing colours– Paint application expressive
• Characteristics of their movement– Only acceptable aim of art is to
represent emotions and feelings– All elements of a painting pushed
to this purpose
Edvard MunchThe Scream, 1893
Edvard MunchMadonna, 1893
Wassily KandinskyCouple Riding a Horse 1907
Frank Lloyd Wright
Side chair, ca. 1904
Pavel Janák
Coffeepot, ca. 1912
Theo Van DoesburgVetrata Konpositie V in Lood,
1918
De Stijl
Bauhaus1919
Walter Gropius Mies van der Rohe
Paul KleeWassily Kandinsky
Josef Albers
Wassily Kandinsky
Ship and Red Sun, 1925
Paul Klee
Moonshine, 1919
Josef Albers
Yellow Climate, Homage to the Square
SurrealismLate 1910’s
Main Artists• Max Ernst • André Masson • Joan Miró • Man Ray• Giorgio de Chirico • Pablo Picasso• Marcel Duchamp• Rene Magritte• Salvador Dali
Characteristics of their work:– Realistic objects out of context – Fantasy, dreamlike worlds
Characteristics of their movement• Began as literary movement
with French poets experimenting with automatic writing (Breton)
• Influenced by Sigmund Freud's Theories and dream studies
• Karl Marx political idea• Look at subconscious for
inspiration
Marcel Duchamp
Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) (1915–23
Joan Miró
The Potato, 1928
Pablo Picasso
Nude Standing
by the Sea, 1929
Giorgio de ChiricoThe Song of Love, 1914
Rene MargritteUntitled, 1926
Salvador DaliAn Average Atmospherocephalic, 1933
The Enigma of Desire, 1929
Egon SchieleLiegender Halbakt mit Rolem, 1910
New York School
Mark Rothko
Tamara De Lempicka
La Dormeuse c. 1928
Norman Rockwell
“It is not the function of art to wallow in dirt for dirt’s sake, never its task to paint the state of decomposition, to
draw cretins as the symbol of motherhood, to picture hunchbacked
idiots as representatives of manly strength.”
Ziegler, The Elements,1936.
Oil on canvas.
Emile NoldeThe Last Supper
Nolde, Oriental Poppies, date unknown.
Watercolor, 13 1/4 by 18 1/2 inches.
Max Beckman
The Night 1918
John Couteu
Lowery 1948
Jackson Pollock (American, 1912–1956)
War, 1947