2.2 An English Settlement at Jamestown

Objective:

• Learn the reasons for English Settlement at Jamestown

• Understand how Jamestown survived and the sources of conflict with Native Americans

HW: 2.3

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Jamestown• Disastrous start

– Disease, starvation and thoughts of gold

– Investors wanted quick return

– Only 38 of 150 survived

• John Smith– Took control of the settlement

• Work or get out

– Help of the Powhatan – Turned colony around

• Accident

• More Colonists sent to Jamestown– Reaction of the Powhatan

Starving time?

National Geographic, Published May 1, 2013

Archaeologists have discovered the first physical evidence of cannibalism by desperate English colonists driven by hunger during the Starving Time of 1609-1610 at Jamestown, Virginia (map)—the first permanent English settlement in the New World.

The announcement was made by a team of researchers from the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Historic Jamestowne, and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation at a press conference May 1 in Washington, D.C.There are five historical accounts written by or about Jamestown colonists that reference cannibalism, but this is the first time it’s been proven, said William Kelso, director of archeology at Historic Jamestown.“This is a very rare find,” said James Horn, vice president of research for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. “It is the only artifactual evidence of cannibalism by Europeans at any European colony—Spanish, French, English, or Dutch—throughout the colonial period from about 1500 to 1800.”Portions of the butchered skull and shinbone of a 14-year-old girl from England, dubbed “Jane” by researchers, were unearthed by Jamestown archaeologists last year. They found the remains about 2.5 feet (0.8 meters) down in a 17th century trash deposit in the cellar of a building built in 1608 inside the James Fort site.

Fate of Jamestown• After starving time, colonists wanted to leave

– They were convinced to stay and work• Forced, beaten and hung

– Grew into a profitable company, why?

• Tobacco, AKA “Brown Gold”• Headright system

– Need for labor, anyone who came to the colonies got 50 acres

• Indentured servants– Exchange labor, 4-7 years, for a trip to the North America

• African laborers – Arrived in 1619

• Initially treated as Indentured servants

– Price and resistance to disease

List some of the problems encountered by the English colonists

at Roanoke and Jamestown:1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Map: Early Chesapeake Settlement

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Q: How was the English pattern of conquest different from that of the

Spanish?

A: Both used conquest, but the English did not intermarry with the Native

Americans, did not attempt to convert them, and were not successful in making

them into slaves.

Anglo-Powhatan Wars in VA

• De Warr uses “Irish tactics”– (Delaware is named after him.)

• 1614 Peace- Pocahontas & John Rolfe marry• 1622, 347 settlers killed, incl. John Rolfe• 1644, Powhatan defeated• 1685, Powhatan extinct

Disease, Disorganization, Disposability

Nathaniel Bacon

Nathaniel Bacon came to Virginia as a gentleman in the 1670s, but his resentment of the economic and political domination of the colony by a small group of planters transformed him into a

backwoods rebel. In 1676, Bacon led an army of discontented farmers, servants, and slaves against the powerful coastal planters--and almost won. In this stained glass window, discovered and restored in the twentieth century, Bacon's social class and his commanding presence are both evident.

(The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities at Bacon's Castle, Library of Virginia)

Nathaniel Bacon

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Compare and ContrastHeadright System, Indentured Servants,

and African SlavesPAGES 46-47

Headright Servants Slaves

CAUSE AND EFFECT Factors that led early settlers to shift from

the Headright system to Slavery:

1. Headright system gives way as “free” land becomes scarcer and as colonies adopt cash-crops for trade.

2. Indentured servants become necessary as more land is cultivated for profit (rather than subsistence, i.e. cash-crops), and as more colonists succumb to “seasoning” = death from malaria and diseases.

2. Slaves are adopted as profit-motive requires makes it economical to use chattel slavery instead of servants. Slaves’ higher cost is off-set by their resistance to disease and their life-long labor, as well as their children’s. Bacon’s Rebellion and the Great London Fire also make Indentured Servants more expensive and risky.

Drills

Identify characteristics of Spanish Colonies

Identify characteristics of English Colonies

COMPARE/CONTRAST

SPAIN ENGLAND

•Govt. supports colony

•Gold & God

•Plantations

•Conquer

• (Conquistadors/

Mestizos)

•Private Corporations

•Settlements

•Colonies

•Punitive Conflict

•No mixing/

separation.destruction

NOTE:We will complete column on French exploration in next part of chapter

1. Settlers received 50 acres of land under the __________.

2. In exchange for passage to the New World, immigrants agreed to ________________.

3. When joint-stock companies failed to live up to the king’s expectations, they were changed to _______ colonies.

4. The most powerful tribe in the vicinity of Jamestown were the ___________.

5. Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion of which groups in colonial society?