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Unharvestedby Robert Frost

A Scent of ripeness from over a wall, And come to leave the routine road And look for what had made me stall, There sure enough was an apple tree That had eased itself of its summer load,

And of all but its trivial foliage free, Now breathed as light as a ladys fan, For there there had been an apple fall As complete as the apple had given man. The ground was one circle of solid red.

May something go always unharvested! May much stay out of our stated plan, Apples or something forgotten and left, So smelling their sweetness would be no theft.

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Toxicodendron rydbergiiFamily: Anacardiaceae

Poison-ivy

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Conium maculatumL.Family: Apiaceae

Poison Hemlock

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Solanum dulcamaraL.Family: Solanaceae

Climbing Nightshade

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LamiaceaeSub-class: Asteridae

LAMIACEAE (formerly LABIATAE) - TheMint Family This is a large plant familyof mostly shrubs and herbs, distributed all

over the world. It includes many well-known herbs (Mint, Sage, Thyme, Basil),ornamental plants (Coleus, Leonotis) and

weeds (Henbit, Ground Ivy, Self-Heal).

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Characteristics of this Plant Family: Leaves, Stem & Roots ~ The stems of this family are

very often square. The leaves are simple and notdivided, in pairs up the stem, each pair at right angles tothe last, and they are frequently hairy or with scentglands.

Flowers ~ It is the flowers which give this plant familyits original name of Labiatae. They have two lips, onemore protruding than the other (labia is the Latin for'lip'). Generally, the upper lip has two lobes and forms a

hood over the lower lip, and the lower lip consists ofthree lobes which form a landing platform for pollinatinginsects. The flowers occur in whorls or circles round thestem, and each flower protrudes from a pointed calyx.

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Characteristics of this Plant Family: The international panel of botanists who rule on

these things decided that all plant families oughtto have the same ending (-aceae), and be

named after a plant typical of the family, so thefamily is now called Lamiaceae, after the typeplant, Lamium(Dead Nettle).

Seeds ~ Each single flower can produce four

seeds. They form at the base of the flower anddevelop inside the calyx. There is no seed pod.When the seeds are ripe, they simply roll out ofthe calyx.

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Members of this Family usually have:

Square stems

Leaves in pairs up the stem

Flowers in circles round the stem

Flowers with hood at the top and lip at thebottom

Aromatic foliage but are not trees

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The Lamiaceae Family includes the following genera:

Agastache, Ajuga, Colquhounia, Lamium, Lavandula,Leonotis, Mentha, Micromeria, Monarda, Nepeta,Ocimum, Origanum, Perilla, Phlomis, Plectranthus,

Rosmarinus, Salvia, Scutellaria, Solenostemon, Stachys,Teucrium, Thymus.

The flowers are usually in separate whorls around thestem, but the whorls can also be so close together as toform a terminal spike. The seeds, called nutlets, are heldon a pad at the bottom of the calyx, and simply roll outwhen they are ripe.

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Some examples ofseedpods of plants inthis Family are:

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In Montana, the family Lamiaceae includesthe following genera:

Agastache, Dracocephalum, Galeopsis,Glecoma, Hedeoma, Hyssopus, Lamium,Leonurus, Lycopus, Marrubium, Mentha,Monarda, Nepeta, Physostegia, Prunella,

Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Stachys,Teucrium, Thymus


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Agastache urticifolia(Benth.) Kuntze

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Monarda fistulosaL.

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Salvia nemorosaL.

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Nepeta catariaL.

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Stachys palustrisL.

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ScrophulariaceaeSub-class: Asteridae

The Figwort Family This is a large plant family, with around 3000species in around 200 genera, mainly found in the northerntemperate regions of the world. Most of them are herbaceous, witha few shrubs and climbers, with one genus of trees (Paulownia).Some of them are semi-parasitic (Hay Rattle, Lousewort).

Many of the plants in this Family are popular garden plants - fromtiny alpines like Erinus, through Snapdragons (Antirrhinum) andFoxglove (Digitalis) to the Mulleins (Verbascum), and several arewell-known weeds - the Speedwells (Veronica), Eyebright(Euphrasia) and the Toadflaxes (Linaria). Other plants in this familygrown for ornament include Mimulus, Penstemon, Hebe, and

Calceolaria. One or two are grown for the production of drugs,notably Digitalis(Foxglove) for digitalin.

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Characteristics of this Plant Family: Leaves, Stem & Roots ~ Generally, the leaves are opposite or

alternate, without stipules, and may be evergreen. Sometimes, theyare lobed or cut.

Flowers ~ The calyx under the flowers has five lobes, and the

flowers are usually borne in spikes. There are two main flowershapes. Some species (e.g. Veronica), have four petals, but manyhave irregular shaped flowers with five petals, often joined to forma bell or tube, sometimes with two lips. In some species (e.g.Linaria), there is a long hollow spur with nectar to attractpollinators. There are two long and two short stamens attached tothe petals.

Seeds ~ The seed capsule in this Family is inside the flower(superior), and has two parts, each with many small seeds.

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Opposite or alternate leaves

Flowers in spikes Irregular flowers with four or five petals

and are mostly short herbs

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The Scrophulariaceae Family includes thefollowing genera:

Antirrhinum, Asarina, Calceolaria, Capraria,

Castilleja, Centranthera, Collinsia, Cymbalaria,Digitalis, Erinus, Euphrasia, Hebe, Linaria,Melampyrum, Mimulus, Neirembergia, Nemesia,Odontites, Paulownia, Pedicularis, Penstemon,

Rhinanthus, Scrophularia, Sibthorpia, Stemotria,Striga, Torenia, Verbascum, Veronica, Wulfenia.

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In most members of this Family, the seedpod isa dry capsule, formed from a superior ovary.

The seed capsule is usually dehiscent, containing

many small seeds, which may be smooth orpatterned. The capsule is rarely indehiscent,when it can be dry or succulent. In many cases,the seedpod is pointed and opens like a beak.

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Some examples ofseedpods of plants inthis Family are:

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In Montana, the family is represented bythe following genera: Bacopa, Besseya,Castilleja, Chionophila, Collinsia,

Cordylanthus, Digitalis, Euphrasia,Gratiola, Limosella, Linaria, Melampyrum,Mimulus, Orthocarpus, Pedicularis,

Penstemon, Rhinanthus, Scrohularia,Synthyris, Verbascum, Veronica

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Castilleja crista-galliRydb .

Mountainside Paintbrush

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CampanulaceaeSub-class: Asteridae

Linaria dalmatica(L.) Miller

Dalmatian Toadflax(Noxious Weed)

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Mimulus lewisiiPursh

Purple Monkey Flower

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Penstemon nitidusDougl. Ex Benth.

Wax-leaved Penstemon

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Veronica americanaSchwein. Ex Benth

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The Bellflower Family

This plant family contains mostly perennialplants, although some are annual or biennial,but hardly any shrubs. Plants of this family arefound in most parts of the world except Africa,although the majority are found in thetemperate regions. The flowers are most usuallyblue. The family includes Campanula,Symphyandra, Edraianthus, and almost all aregrown for ornament. They may be several feettall, or only a few inches.

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Characteristics of this Plant Family:

Leaves, Stem & Roots ~ There is a variety of leaf shapes in this family, althoughthey are undivided. They may be kidney-shaped, oval, round, or like a nettle. Thestem varies with the size and type of the plant - it may be woody, wiry or brittle. Theroot is often a tuber or at least fleshy.

Flowers ~ It is the flowers which give this plant family its name. Campanula is Latinfor bell, and the majority of the flowers are bell-shaped to some degree. They maybe long tubular bells, or open starry shapes. In some members of the family, thelikeness to a bell is not apparent - in Jasioneor Phyteuma, for instance, where thereare many flowers together forming a single 'flower-head'. The flower parts are infives - this is most noticeable in the five points at the end of the bell, and the fivepoints to the sepals (calyx). Flowers occur in all shades of blue, and in mauves,purples, white, and rarely pink or cream.

Seeds ~ Each single flower can produce thousands of seeds. They form in threechambers in the seed capsule, and are usually tiny.

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Blue (or white) bell-shaped flowers

Lots of small seeds

C l

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The Campanulaceae Family includes thefollowing genera:

Adenophora, Asyneuma, Campanula,

Campanumoea, Canarina, Cephalostigma,Codonopsis, Cyananthus, Edraianthus, Githopsis,Isotoma, Jasione, Legousia, Lightfootia,Merciera, Michauxia, Ostrowskia, Peracarpa,

Phyteuma, Platycodon, Roella, Symphyandra,Trachelium, Wahlenbergia.

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In most members of this Family, the seedpod is acapsule, containing many small seeds.

Sometimes, the ovary is inferior and sometimes it issuperior. The capsule is usually dehiscent (opens when it

is mature). In a few cases, it is indehiscent, and in twogenera (Campanumoeaand Canarina), the fruit(seedpod) is a berry.

In the genus Campanula, one of the most populargenera grown by gardeners, the seedpod is a bell or

lantern-shaped, downward-facing capsule, which openswith three 'windows' on the top, and the seeds are palebeige almost flat ovals.

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In Montana, the family is represented bythe following genera: Campanula,Downingia, Howellia, Lebelia, Triodanis

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Campanula rotundifoliaL.

Common Harebell

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Campanula scabrellaEngelm.

Rough harebell

22 october 2008

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