25aer200apr26nav7 vor adf
DESCRIPTION
vorTRANSCRIPT
NAV 7
VOR and ADF
VOR
TO/FROM indicator or sense indicator
Course Deviation Indicator or left/right needle or Track Bar Indicator
Omni Bearing selector
or Course selector
VOR Head
C172 INSTRUMENT PANEL
VHF Receiver
INSTRUMENT PANEL
VOT
COVERAGE- IF AT MRA, 50 NM
- RECEPTION DISTANCE IS 1.23 x √ ALTITUDE
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Operation of the VOR is based on a phase difference between two signals – a reference phase and a variable phase. The reference phase, which is omni directional, radiates from the station in a circular pattern, the phase being constant throughout 360 degrees. The variable phase rotates uniformly at 1800 rpm causing its phase to vary at a constant rate.
Magnetic North is the reference datum for measuring the phase difference between the two signals. At Magnetic North, the two signals are exactly in phase. At other points around the compass, the phase difference varies accordingly. The aircraft equipment resolves the phase difference and displays it primarily in the form of angular displacement from Magnetic North as measured from the VOR station.
TRACK BAR DEFLECTIONS
VOR EQUIPMENT CHECKS
TRACKING AWAY FROM A STATION
TRACKING TO A STATION
At the VOR facility, a monitoring system and two transmitters insure continuous reliable service. If the VOR signal is interrupted or the phasing is changed, the monitor system turns off defective equipment, turns on the stand-by transmitter, and excites an alarm at the remote control station. When a VOR is “on the air” while servicing is taking place, the station identification is removed.
VOR RELIABILITY
FREQUENCY RANGES
ADF – Automatic Direction Finder
ADF – Automatic Direction Finder
Receiver tune and identifyLF/MF 2 or 3 letter Morse code
ILS locator 1 letter Morse code
Signal also powers bearing indicator
Antennae Loop senses direction of station
Sense provides info if bearing to or from station
Bearing indicatorPoints to station relative to nose or axis
Fixed card 0o is nose and 180o is tail
ADF
FUNCTIONSAIRWAYS
AIR ROUTES
ILS LOCATORS – MARKER BEACONS
MARINE BEACONS
NDB APPROACHES
COMMERCIAL BROADCAST
ADF
ADF
LIMITATIONSTWILIGHT EFFECT
• JUST BEFORE/AFTER SUNSET/SUNRISE - fly high• GREATER AT GREAT DISTANCE – use less than 350 khz
TERRAIN or MOUNTAIN EFFECT
SHORELINE – signals crossing at less than 30o
ELECTRICAL STORMS
BANK ERROR – ALL TURNS• LOOP ANTENNAE ROTATES TO SENSE DIRECTION OF
INCOMING SIGNAL AND IS MOUNTED PARALLEL TO NORMAL AXIS
ADF
ADVANTAGES
LOW COST INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
NOT LINE OF LINE OF SIGHT SO GIVES GREATER RECEPTION AT LOWER ALTITUDES THAN VOR
PRIMARY NAVIGATION OVER LONG DISTANCE IN REMOTE AREAS
TRACKING TO THE STATION
1. PARALLEL TRACK
2. DESIRED TO HEADDETERMINES THE TURN
3. LEFT TURN DESIRED TRACK – INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING
4. RIGHT TURN DESIRED TRACK + INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING
TRACKING FROM THE STATION
1. PARALLEL TRACK
2. TAIL TO DESIREDDETERMINES THE TURN
3. LEFT TURN DESIRED TRACK – INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING
4. RIGHT TURN DESIRED TRACK + INTERCEPT ANGLE = INTERCEPT HEADING
SOME RULES 1. WHEN INTERCEPTING A TRACK TO OR FROM A
STATION, BEARING INDICATOR ALWAYS AWAY FROM 0 OR TOWARDS 180
2. WHEN TURNING, IF HEADING INDICATOR INCREASES, THEN ADF BEARINGINDICATOR (VALUE) DECREASES
HI LESS, ADF MORE
3. WHEN TRACKING, NEEDLE RIGHT? YES, THEN WIND IS FROM THE RIGHT SO TURN RIGHT, ETC.
4. MAGNETIC HEADING + RELATIVE BEARING = MAGNETIC BEARING TO THE STATION
MH + RB = MB TO THE STATIONMH = MB – RBRB = MB - MH