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Defensive behaviors :- Reactive andprotective behaviors to avoid action, blame or

change.

1. Avoiding actionPlaying dumb :- Avoiding an unwanted task by falsely

pleading ignorance or inability.

Stretching :- Prolonging a task so that one appears to beoccupied for example, turning a two week task into a for-month job.

Stalling :- Appearing to be more or less supportivepublicly while doing little or nothing privately.

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2.Avoiding Blame Buffing:- It describes the practice of rigorously

documenting activity to project an image of competenceand thoroughness

Playing Safe :- Evading situations that may reflectunfavorably.

Justifying :- Developing explanations that lessen onesresponsibility for a negative outcome.

Scapegoating:- Placing the blame for a negativeoutcome on external factors that are not entirelyblameworthy.

Misrepresenting :- Manipulation of information bydistortion

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3.Avoiding Change Prevention :- Trying to prevent a threatening change

from occurring.

Self-Protection :- Acting in ways to protect ones selfinterest during change by guarding information or otherresources.

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Impression management The process by which individuals attempt to control

the impression others form of them.

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Is Everyone concerned withimpression management? No! Lowself-monitors tend to present images of themselvesthat are consistent with their personalities,regardless of the beneficial or detrimental effects

for them. In contrast, high self-monitors are goodat reading situations and molding theirappearances and behavior to fit each situation.

Given that you want to control the impression

others form of you, what techniques could you use.

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Impression Management (IM)

Techniques Conformity :- Agreeing with someone elses opinion

in order to gain his or her approval.

Excuses :- Explanations of predicament-creating

event aimed at minimizing the apparent severity of thepredicament.

E.g. :- Sales manager to boss, we failed to get the ad inthe paper on time, but no one responds to those ads

anyway. Apologies :- Admitting responsibility for an

undesirable event and simultaneously seeking to get apardon for the action.

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Self-promotion :- Highlighting ones bestqualities, downplaying one deficits, and callingattention to ones achievements.

Flattery :- Complimenting others about theirvirtues in an effort to make oneself appearperceptive and likable.

Favours :- Doing something nice for someone togain that persons approval.

Association :- Enhancing or protecting onesimage by managing information about people andthings with which one is associated.