261224059 مذكرة شرح علوم الصف الرابع الابتدائي لغات 2015 science...

8/20/2019 …Science for Primary 4 Second Term 2015 Prim 4secondTER مذكرة شرح علوم الصف الرابع االبتدائي لغات 2015 261224059

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1Science

4th primLesson

☻All living organism's characteristic by Feeding, transport, respiration,

Excretion, motion, sensation, reproduction ¼ etc.

The structure of the living organism body:-A living organism body is consists of a set (group) of systems.

Human Body Systems

- The System - Its Function1The digestive system- Digests and absorbs food.2The respiratory system- Carry out the process of breathing.3The circulatory system- transport the digested food andoxygen all over the body cells.4The urinary system

- help the body to get rid of harmfulsubstances.5The nervous system- To feel, hear, see, smell, and taste.6The reproductive system- Make us give birth for newindividuals who will look like us.

- The human body consist of :-

Which each cell has its own function and it's the building unit of the livingorganisms .

Unit one


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The digestive system

1Cells TissuesOrgans Systems Living organism

2Science

4th primDigestive systemDigestive canal(mouth ± pharynx ± esophagus ± stomach ±small intestine ± large intestine )Digestive canal associated(Accessory glands)LiverPancreas Salivary glandsThe human Digestive System

- The digestion Process:--Changing the food from a complex form into a simple one to let the bod

y Get benefited.

The digestive System Structure:-1- Digestive system in a human made up of a set of organs.2- There are a long pipe knows as the digestive canal with length of 9-10 mthis canal starts with the mouth and ends in the anus.3- There are three types of glands are connected with this canal:A- The salivary glands.B- The liver gland.C- The pancreas gland.

3Science

4th primThe digestive canal consists of:-

(1) Mouth☻The mouth is a cavity consists of:-

A- Teeth:-


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- The teeth number in an adult are 32.- Each jaw has 16 teeth.- Each jaw divided into

(4 incisors, 2 canines and 10 molars).- Incisors and canines cut and tear food into small pieces.- Molars grind the food to be easy to swallow.

B- Tongue:-- move the food inside the mouth cavity and mixes it up with sali

va tohelp in swallowing and tasting the food.

C- Salivary glands:-- They are three pairs of glands secrete a liquid known as the sal

iva.- The saliva contains digestive substances called enzymes.- The enzymes (saliva) digest starches, and change it into simple

substanceCalled (sugar).

Give reasons:-(1)After chewing a piece of bread in the mouth, we feel a sweetly taste.

(2)Digestion of food is started at the mouth.

Because mouth have saliva which converts starch into sugar.(3)Food should be chewed well in the mouth.

To be easy to swallow.

To convert (change) starch into simple sugar by saliva.(2) Pharynx☻Is a common cavity leads to the esophagus and trachea.

Its function:-- It permits food to pass from the mouth to the esophagus.

(3) Esophagus

☻ It's a muscular tube connecting to the stomach.

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4th prim

Its function:-It allows food to pass from the pharynx to the stomach.

(4) Stomach☻A muscular sac mix Food up by juices.☻Digest protein partially by gastric juice☻Then the food travels to the small intestine.

(5) Small intestine

☻Its length is about (7 meters)☻It coils inside the abdominal cavity.☻It starts with a part known as

Duodenum where the bile juice(Secreted by liver) and pancreatic juice(Produced by pancreas is poured in.

☻Duodenum is followed by a part ofThe small intestine known as ileum.


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What is the function of the small intestine? To complete food digestion.

Absorption process:-- Is the transfer the food from small intestine to blood.

Bile Juice FunctionExperiment Observation Conclusion1) Put some drops of food

oil into some water inTest tube.

Oil separated from water

Bile juicebreaks down oilinto smallparticles whichdissolves inwater.2) Add some drops of bile

juice to the test tube andShake it well.

Oil and water are mixedtogether to form emulsion.

Small intestine5

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4th prim Bile juice:- Helps to digest fats where it changes fats into soluble substance.

(6) Large Intestine☻Starts from the end of small intestine

And end by anus.☻The anus is located at the end of

The rectum.

☻The wastes are get outside the bodyThrough the anus.

It stores the indigested food till get outside the body throughAnus .

Rectum:-

- Absorbs water from the indigested food.- How to keep the digestive system healthy?1- Chew the food well.2- Don't eat much food that contains large fats such as fast meals.3- Don't eat food contain additive compounds.4- Don't eat from street peddlers.

The Gland Its placeItssecretions


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Place ofsecretionFunctionSalivaryglandsIn the mouth Saliva mouthDigest starch to sugar

The liverRight side ofthe abdomenBile juiceSmallintestineDigests fats and oilsThepancreasLeft side ofabdomen belowthe stomachPancreaticjuiceSmallintestine

Complete food digestionRectumAnusAnus

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4th prim

DictionaryWord Meaning Word Meaning

Digestive system Nervous system Circulatory system Respiratory system Living organism Structure Function / Get ride of System Organ Tissue Building unit Digestion process Break down Complicated food Benefit Digestive canal Digestive canalassociated Accessory gland Salivary gland Liver Pancreas

Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine )( Large intestine Anus Types Consist of Main parts Absorb Jaw Incisor Canine Molars Tear Grind Swallow Saliva Easy Enzyme


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Convert (change) Chewed Starch Muscular tube Muscular sac Gastric juice Abdominal cavity Duodenum Bile juice Ileum Fats Mixed Soluble substance Pancreatic juice Keep Healthy

Fast meals Additive compound

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4

th primLesson

The respiration Process:-It is the process in where the air rich in oxygen enters the lungs and the air richin carbon dioxide released( comes out) from the lungs.

- What is the importance of respiration process ?1) Give us energy to do vital activities (Example , Motion ¼etc.2) Take oxygen gas and get rid of harmful products (Carbon dioxide andwatervapour.)The structure of respiratory system:-

- The respiratory system consists of:-


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(1) Nose

Mucous layer:- Moist the air before entering the lungs.

Hair:- Filter air from dust and microbes .Blood capillaries:- Warm the air before entering

the lungs.

Lesson 2The respiratory system

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Science

4th prim(2) Pharynx☻A common cavity leads to the esophagus and trachea.

Its function:-Allows air to pass from the nose to the larynx.

(3) Trachea Larynx

☻Trachea is a tube Trachea - supported with cartilaginous rings that make

it permanently open (Open all the time)- Lined with cilia to eject up the strange objects.

Two bronchi

☻At the top of trachea are the larynx (voice box) and epiglottis whichCloses off the opening trachea during swallowing, this don't allo

w foodTo enter the trachea.

☻At the bottom of the trachea branchesinto two narrow tubes called bronchi enter the lungs.

(4) Lungs

☻Bronchus is divided into bronchiolesInside each lung ending in alveoli.

☻The lungs contain the air sacs thatCalled Alveoli.

☻The alveoli are surrounded byNetworks of capillaries in where gas

Exchange occurs.

☻The two lungs in the chest cavity and theySurrounded by the ribs.

☻Diaphragm separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

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th primGive reasons:-(1) The alveoli surrounded by a network of blood capillaries.

To allow gas exchange between the air sacs and the blood.

1Activity: - (To show times of respiration ) :

experiment Observation Conclusion1)Find how many times of

respiration of studentsduring a minute byUsing a stop watch in eachof the following cases :

A- While sitting.B- While walking.C- During running.2) Record how many times

they respire per a minutein each case.

The motion of chest :-

1) Decrease during sitting.

2) Increase during walking.

3) More increasing duringrunning.

When we makemore active,

our respirationtimes increases.

Activity:- ( To show the mechanism of respiration ) :

Experiment observation1- Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle andreplace it by a piece of rubber.2- Close the opening of the bottle by stoppermade of rubber or cork through which aplastic tube is passed and a small balloon isfixed at its end inside the bottle.

3- Pull the rubber sheet membrane downwards.The inner balloonexpands4- Let the rubber sheet to be free.The inner balloonshrinks.


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4th prim

Mechanism of respiration

During inhalation During exhalation

1- The diaphragm muscle contractsand moves down.

2- Chest cavity volume increase.3- Air rich with oxygen enter lungthrough the nasal passage.

1- The diaphragm muscle relaxesand moves up.

2- Chest cavity volume decrease.3- Air rich with carbon dioxide and

water vapour moves outside thelungs through the nasal passage.

Exchange of gases

☻Exchange of gases occurs between the air existed in alveoli and the blood

flows in the capillaries .☻The blood leaves carbon dioxide and carries the oxygen and distributes it all

over the body cells.11

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4th


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primComponents of exhaled air Activity:- ( To detect carbon dioxide in exhaled air ) :

Experiment observation Conclusion1- Put some clear lime waterin a test tube.2- Blow by your mouthexhaled air through a tube.The clear limewaterbecomesmilky.The exhaled air containscarbon dioxide gas.

Activity:- ( To detect water vapor in exhaled air ) :

Experiment observation ConclusionBring a mirror or aglass sheet and place itin front of your mouththen exhale on itssurface.

Water droplets areformed on the glasssheetExhaled air contains watervapour.

How to keep The respiratory system healthy?1- Don't being in crowded places .2- Smoking destroys the respiratory system.3- Keeping off the severe cold.4- Breathe by nose not by mouth.5- Having fruits rich in vitamin (C) such as oranges, guava to protect us

from diseases.

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4

th prim

DictionaryWord Meaning Word MeaningRespiration process Rich in Lungs Importance Vital activities Harmful products Nasal cavity Trachea Bronchus Alveoli Or Air sac Diaphragm Chest cavity


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Abdominal cavity Exist Moisten Hair Filter Dust and microbes Blood capillary Warm Larynx Cilia ) ( Eject up Strange object Voice box Epiglottis Gas exchange Ribs Separate Contract Relax Expand Shrink Inhalation Exhalation Enlarge A muscle Lime water Crowded places Smoking Sever cold Disease

13Science

4th prim

- Lesson

The Cell: - "It is the building unit of the living organism""The unit of structure in the living organisms"

Cells can be seen only by a microscope not by the naked eye.

So, we have plant cell and animal cellPlant cell: - The building unit in the plant.Animal cell: - The building unit in the animal.

1- The plant cell

- We use compound microscope to examine the plant cell (G.R)Because the plant cell very tiny so we can

t see by naked eye- Examining the plant cell1- Remove the thin membrane from the inner base of the onion leave2- Put the epidermal layer on a clean slide then put a drop of water (G.R)

to prevent the formation of air bubbles3- Examine the slide under the microscope you get thisFigure.

-Important Note


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-The plant body is made of systems (Shoot system and root system) .- These system are made of organs as (roots, stem and leaves) .

2- The animal Cell- Examine the animal cell.When we examine a prepared slide of the membrane of theman

s cheek under microscope we get the opposite figure.Living organisms classified intoAnimals PlantsThe Cell3

14Science

4th primComparison between the animal and the plant cellsplasma membrane

Plasma memebraneCytoplasm

Cytoplasm`

Nucleus

Cell wall Nucleus Green plasties(Chloroplast)

Similarities between the plant and the animal cells

The organelle DescriptionIn plantcell

Inanimalcell1- The nucleusIt organisne the processand make cell divsion( Ö ) ( Ö )2- CytoplasmIt's the fluid that alloperation occurs in it .( Ö ) ( Ö )3- Plasmamembrane

Surrounds the cytoplasmand control the substncethat enter or leave thecell .( Ö ) ( Ö )

Differences between the plant and the animal cells

The organelle DescriptionIn animal


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cellIn pantcell1- Cell Wall

Support the plant cell andgive it a definite shape( × ) ( Ö )2- Green PlastidsIt make food byphotosynthesis process( × ) ( Ö )

15Science

4th prim Give reson :-- plant cell has a definit shape .

Because it has a cell wall .

The structural order of the living organisms

The tissue :- A group of cells which has the same shape, structure and function.The organ :- A group of different tissues which work togetther.The system:- A group of different organs which work together.The human body :- A group of different system which work together

- Unicellular Organisms:-- They has the ability to do the all the biological function ." They cannot be seen by the naked eye such as bacteria and yeast "

- Yeast fungus :-- It is a unicellular living organisms that made up of nucleus ,

cytoplasm and a wall (Give reason ) .Because it has the ability to do all its biological functions .

- Economic importance of the yeast fungus:-- Used in industries of: -1- Making bread.

2- Making alcohol.Vacuole

Nucleus Cell wall Cytoplasm


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(Structure of yeast fungus)Cells TissuesOrgans Systems Living organismUnicellular organisms

16Science

4th prim

- Lesson

- Human and animals depends on plants to get their food to get the requiredenergy for surfival .

- Plants absorb light energy from the sun , water and salts from the so

il , andcarbon dioxide from the air This is called " photosynthesis process "

So we conclude from this that .

- Plant needs :- 1- Chloroplasts ( The green coloure ) 2- Light energy

3- Water and salts 4-Carbon dioxideTo make their own food.

So ,Photosynthesis process :-

- It's the process which the plants make their own food .

Producer organisms :-- Are the living organisms that can make their own food by themselves through photosynthesis .For example,- Green plants ± algae ± types of bacteria

The importance of sunlight to living organisms4How plants make their own food ?

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Science

4th primGive reason:-- Plants are called autotrophic living organisms?Because, it make their own food by photosynthesis process.

Activity (1)- To test the presence of starch in the green leaves .Procedure:-1- Get a plant leave after exposing to sun for several hours.2- Put the plant leave in a boiling water (G.R) to kill the cell.3- Put the plant leave in alcohol (G.R) to remove the green coloure.4- Wash the leave with water and add iodine solution to test the presence of starch.Observation :-- The leaves turn into blue.Conclusion :-- Plants make starch through the photosynthesis process .

Activity (2)

- To prove the importance of sunlight for green plants .Producer:-1- Get two potted plant and cove one of them by a paper sack with ahole to air comes in .2- Leave the two flower pots for two days and watering them .Observation:-

- The covered plant becomes yellowish and weak this is due to theabsence of sun light.

Conclusion:-- Light energy is necessary for plants to make their own food .

- Activity (3) :-

- To prove that oxygen released from photosynthesisprocess.Procedure:-1- Bring water tank contain dissolved sodium bicarbonate.2- Bring an aquatic plant (elodea) with a funnel on it.3- Expose the apparatus to sunlight for a few hours.

Observation:-18

Science

4th

prim- Gas bubble evolved and gas collected above the test tube When we tes

tit with a splint it glows more so, its oxygen.Conclusion:-- Oxygen is released during the process of photosynthesis.

1- Consumers: -


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- They are the living organisms depending on producers to get theirfood directly or directly.Examples:-- Cows, sheep and chicken they feed on producers.- Lions, snake, and hawk they feed on consumers that

feds on producers.

2- Decomposers:-

- They are living organisms cannot make their food by themselves theydon't have chloroplasts are not existed in their cells.- Decomposer get their food through decomposing the organic wastes suchas dead bodies.Examples of decomposers :-1- Some types of bacteria.2- Some fungi such as bread fungus.

19Science

4th primTypes of living things according totheir feeding

Importance of decomposers :-1- Help us to get rid of dead living organisms and the plant remains.2- Increase the soil fertility.3- Used in a lot of industries.

Example:--

Oxygen Carbon dioxide

Sunlight

Water and mineralsSugars and starches


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Green plantsProducers

- Green plantsConsumers

- Animals

Decomposers

- Some fungi20

Science

4th primLesson

- The animals are classified according the way of feeding into :-1- Producer 2- Consumer 3- Decomposer1- Producers: - They are the living organisms that can make their own food by

Photosynthesis process Examples, Green plant , Green algae2- Consumers: - They are the living organisms that feeds on producers or

Consumer Examples, Animals and Human3- Decomposer: - They are the living organisms that feeds by decomposing

theDead organisms Examples, Bacteria and yeast f

ungus.Food chain :-

- It is the path of energy that transmit in the form of food livingorganism to another one .Food web :-

- It's a group of food chain represent the flow of energythrough


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living organisms .- Food chain start with producer and end with Decomposer .- In photosynthesis process :-

- The solar energy changes into chemicalenergy .

Energy paths throughLiving organisms

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Science

4th primLesson

The force :- It is an effect that changes the state of the object.

Force measuring unit :- Newton. Related the scientist " Isaac Newton "- There are two state of object :-1- Rest state 2- Motion stateExamples:1- Motion of a car toy and its rest.

2- Motion of a bicycle and its rest.

3- pulling of the rope game.

4- Balloon and rocket.


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5- Moving of heavy objects and their rising.[

☻What is the effect of force on an object ?Force causes the motion of objects and their rising.

The motion of the car and hand pushing force.its stopping needs hand stopping forceThe motion of the bicycle need leg pushing forceand its stopping needs an brakes stopping force .Balloon moves upwards by the effect of air pushing force .Ancient Egyptians depending on the effect of force in transferringheavy stones from south of Egypt (Aswan) to Giza and rising ofthem for building pyramids although there were no moderntechnology as these days.

Force and its effect

1 22Science

4th primLever:-- Is a simple method that rise an object by the effect of force .Pulleys:-- That makes the motion easy.

Gears:-- That transfers the motion.

Technological applications

For example :-1- Car , Crane , Trains , pulleys , Mixer and electric fan .


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23Science

4th primLesson

Energy :-- It's the ability to do work

Forms of energy :-1- Potential energy . 6- Chemical energy2- Kinetic energy . 7- Heat energy .3- Sound energy . 4- Light energy .5- Electric energyEquipment UsedEnergyProducedEnergyEquipment UsedEnergyProducedEnergy

ElectricfanElectric Kinetic Electric motor Electric KineticElectriclampElectric Light Violin Kinetic SoundElectricheaterElectric Heat Solar cell Light ElectricRadio Electric Sound Solar heater Light HeatDynamo Kinetic Electric Battery (Drycell )Chemical Electric

When youstretch thespring oftoy carKinetic Potential When you letthe string oftoy carPotential KineticWhen yourubbing


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Such as Such as

1- Renewable resources of energy

They are the sources that continually renew themselves :

☻It is used in rotating windmills for generating electricity.

☻The rotation of the moon ebb and tide which is used to generated

Electric energy.

☻ Falling the water from the water fall generate energy that moves turbine

For getting electric energy.Sources of energyRenewable Non- RenewableWindRisingand ebbtides

WaterfallsCoal Petroleum Naturalgas1- Wind2- Rising and ebb tides3- Water falls energy:-

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2- Non - renewable resources of energy

They are the sources that don't renew themselves like :1- Coal. 2- Petroleum. 3- Natural gas.

Machines and non- renewable resources of energy :

- A lot of machines and means of transport depends on the non- renew


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ableResources of energy:-

1- Cars that work by benzene or natural gas.2- Aero planes that work by benzene.3- Irrigation machine that work by kerosene.

- Natural gas is the cleanest forms of energy that help in decreasing

The air pollution.

N.B27

Science

4th primLesson (4)The electricityStatic electricity:

☻ It is the formation of electric charge that remain on an object (doesn't Flow in wires).

Some phenomena related to static electricity such as :

(lightning): the vision of light in the sky. Standing of your hair when you combing it by a plastic comb. Hearing a sound when you putting off your clothes in some days or vis

iona flash .

- Is formation of electric charges (static electricity ).

The reason ofThese phenomena

28Science

4th prim

Balloon and generation of electricity :

Blow a balloon and tie its opening by a thread. Rub the balloon by the piece of wool.


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Close the balloon to sugar.

Observation and explanation :- On rubbing a balloon by a piece of wool ,electric charges are form

ed on itssurface and attract sugar to them.

Small bits of paper and the charged ruler :

Close the ruler to the small bits of paper. Notice the movement of the bits of paper. Rub the ruler by your hair several times. Close the ruler to the small bits of paper.

Observation and explanation:- Before rubbing the ruler there no electric charge on the ruler, whi

le afterThe rubbing electric charges are formed on ruler that attracted

the smallBits of paper to them.

Static electricity generation

Activity (1)

Activity (2)Rubbing of objects generates static electricity

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4th prim

Current electricity :It is the electric charges that follow through connecting wires.

Formation of an electric circuit:- Set up an electric circuit as shown in the figure

1- The battery: It is the source of electric current.2- The switch: It is used to close and open the electric circuit.3- The wires: They are used to transfer electric current from battery t

o

lamp.4- The electric circuit: It is the path of electric current.

Current electricity

261224059 مذكرة شرح علوم الصف الرابع الابتدائي لغات 2015 science...

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