2ms3 m oscow m oons of p lanets o ctober 10-14 2011 gap/gc the g as c hromatograph of gap, (g as a...

2MS3 Moscow Moons of Planets October 10-14 2011

GAP/GC

the Gas Chromatograph of GAP, (Gas Analytical Package) aboard Phobos-Grunt mission

for the in-situ analysis of Phobos surface Michel Cabane LATMOS/Univ-of-Paris

2MC3-Moscow, October 2011

M. Cabane (Univ. Paris): GAP/GC the Gas Chromatograph of GAP

The GAP/GC team :

France Russia

M. Cabane LATMOS Paris M.V. GerasimovD. Coscia LATMOS A.V. KaluzhnyyC. Szopa LATMOS Y.V. LebedevP. Coll LISA A.V. StepanovJ.P. Goutail LATMOS A.V. TitovJ.J. Correia LATMOS A.G. SapgirA. Galic BTS P. Zapf LISA C. Montaron LATMOS and many othersC. Philippon LISA

A. Gaboriaud CNES





Other GC developed at LATMOS (previously SA) / LISA :

for COSAC (ROSETTA-ESA) with MPS (Germany) SAM (MSL2011-NASA) with GSFC (USA)

for MOMA (Exomars-ESA)

INJECTIONTRAP

IT

CHROMATOGRAPHICCOLUMN

CC

THERM. COND. DETECTOR

TCD

FROMOVEN

TOMS

Gases from sample heating

pushed by Helium

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY



… an example (no relation with Phobos )



GC :Classical analyticallaboratory apparatus

injection

(not retained by CC coating)



INJECTION TRAPS :

In a metallic cylinder : few tens cubic millimeters of :• Carbosieve (light gases)• Tenax (‘heavy’ organic gases)

Cooled (Peltier element) down to -60°C max below ambient (trapping)Heated (Th.coax) up to 250 °C max (10secs max) (injection to CC)

COLUMNS :

30 m metallic capillary columns (outer diameter .25mm)• Carbobond (light gases)• MXT5 (‘heavy’ organic gases)

IsothermalRamped from ambient up to 150 °C (Carbobond)

250 °C (MXT5)



DETECTORS :

Thermal conductivity detectors (TCD)

Thermal conductivity of He : 10 to 20 times t.c. of other gases

• Gaz mixture (He + xx + YY) goes from CC through TCD capillaries, and flows around micro-resistors … R varies when xx show up, id° when YY.

then

He + gas mixture

time of elution is recorded for xx, for YY (xx, YY …. identified from calib.)

Conductivity Resistance

Wheatstone bridge



GAP

(refer to Mikhail Gerasimov paper)

1 = ‘light’ gases

2 = ‘heavy’ organic gases



CC2 TCD2 IT2

IT1

CC1

TCD1

IKI



GAP QM @ IKI



GAP-GC-CA FM-02 in LATMOS-Paris integration clean room, before delivery to IKI (Feb 09)



1 = ‘light’ gases

2 = ‘heavy’ organic gases



Injection from an oven to traps IT1 (‘light’ gases) and IT2 (heavy organic gases)

Mode 1 : Tank 1 + PO1 + TDLAS + IT1 + IT2



Analysis of gases trapped in IT1 (’light’ gases) using CC1 and TCD1

Mode 2 : Tank 1 + IT1 + (CC1 + TCD1) + MS




Analysis of gases trapped in IT2 (heavy organic gases) using CC2 and TCD2



Helium +

1000 ppmof

Butane

Pentane

Hexane

Benzene

•

•

••

2nd heating of the IT

Not retained Not retained

Chromatographic peaks from the HCmix

from

TC

D 2

(a

rbitr

ary

units

)

Time (Arb. Units) 100 seconds

Mixture of Hydrocarbons trapped in IT2, analysis using CC2 and TCD2

on FM

1st heating of the IT



100 seconds

(arb

. un.

)

Time (arb. un.)

Not retained

Pentane C5H12

Hexane C6H14

BenzeneC6H6

Butane C4H10

8 nano mols of each gas / IT2

Chromatographic peaks for the Hcmix (using CC2 and TCD2)



(A) 8 nanomols of each gas

(B) 0.6 nanomol of each gas

3 105

2 105

105

- 105

C6H6

C6H14

100 seconds

0

0

Chromatographicpeaks for the

HCmix

Variation of the quantity of HydroCarbons injected in IT2



LINEARITY : Case of C6H14 and C6H6

HEXANE

BENZENE

Injection :

(a)0,6 nmol(b)1,2 nmol(c) 4 nmol(d) 8 nmol

Linear responseInjected quantity

Am

plitu

de o

f the

pea

k (a

.u.)

(a) (b) (c) (d)



LIMIT OF DETECTION

0

105 -

100 seconds

Noise

0

105

0

102

0.1 second

electronicNoise ≈ 200 au

For 0.6 nmol : Signal = 13000 au

Then S/N = 65

LOD : Down to 20 pmol

if S/N = 2 is needed

Example : C6H6



Analysis of gases trapped in IT1 (‘light’ gases) using CC1 and TCD1




‘Light’ gases trapped in IT1, analysis using CC1 and TCD1

Trapping of Xenon in IT1

Xe

Impurity (H2O ?)

notretained

I

injection

on FM



‘Light’ gases trapped in IT1, analysis using CC1 and TCD1

Trapping CH4 in IT1 on laboratory model



The Gas Chromatograph has been tested by elements (IT, CC, TCD)integrated into GAPtested into GAP models

Its capabilities are fully compatible with what we want to do on Phobos with GAP

It remains to continue calibrations at IKI ( on GAP test bed)and in France, at LATMOS-LISA (CC, TCD, IT)

To conclude :



Thanks for your attention



Recents results and ongoing calibrations :

Mixture : Kr CO2 CH4 C2H2 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14

CH4

Kr

C2H2

Sulfur compounds

etc.

Add H2O

2ms3 m oscow m oons of p lanets o ctober 10-14 2011 gap/gc the g as c hromatograph of gap, (g as a...

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