2nd quarter 2014 lesson 1 laws in christ's day powerpointshow
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Adult Bible Study Guide
Apr • May • Jun 2014
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Christ and His Law The Law and Love
FROM THE very beginning of the great controversy in heaven it has been
Satan’s purpose to overthrow the law of God”—The Great Controversy 582.
The law, as the foundation of God’s government, expresses the moral
integrity of the cosmos,
Christ and His Law The Law and Love
and to overthrow that law would be to overthrow the moral order of the
creation itself.
Morality means the ability to choose right or wrong, good or evil—and the
only way for the universe to be moral, would be for it to have a law
that defines right or wrong.
Christ and His Law The Law and Love
God created humans as creatures who can love. Love, though, can’t exist without freedom, moral freedom. And moral freedom can’t exist without law, moral law. Love rests on freedom, and freedom rests on law. Hence, the core of God’s government,—a government of love—has to be His law.
Christ and His Law Contents
1 Laws in Christ’s Day 2 Christ and the Law of Moses 3 Christ and Religious Tradition 4 Christ and the Law in the Sermon on the Mount 5 Christ and the Sabbath 6 Christ’s Death and the Law 7 Christ, the End of the Law 8 The Law of God and the Law of Christ 9 Christ, the Law and the Gospel 10 Christ, the Law and the Covenants 11 The Apostles and the Law 12 Christ’s Church and the Law 13 Christ’s Kingdom and the Law
Christ and His Law Our Goal
WE WILL study the law, especially the question of why so many
Christians—misunderstanding the relationship between law and
grace—have fallen into the trap of denying the continued validity of
the Ten Commandments, thus unwittingly helping the
attempt to “overthrow” God’s law.
Christ and His Law Lesson 1, April 5
Laws in Christ’s Day
Laws in Christ’s Day Key Text
Romans 2:14 NASB
“FOR WHEN Gentiles who do not have the Law do instinctively the
things of the Law, these, not having the Law, are a law to
themselves.”
Laws in Christ’s Day Initial Words
IN NEW Testament times, when a person used the common word for “law” (nomos in Greek, lex in Latin, and Torah in Hebrew), he or she could have been referring to any one of a number of laws. We study these laws to set a foundation for the study of the Ten Commandments.
Laws in Christ’s Day Quick Look
1. Roman Law (Luke 2:1-5)
2. Mosaic Law (Acts 18:14, 15)
3. Moral Law (James 2:8-12)
Laws in Christ’s Day 1. Roman Law
Luke 2:1-5 NKJV
“A DECREE went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be
registered. … Joseph also went…to…Bethlehem, because he
was of the house and lineage of David,
to be registered with Mary…who was with child.”
1. Roman Law Civil Law
SINCE THE time of the early republic, the Romans recognized how
important written laws were for the governance of society.
In fact, the system of constitutional law established by the Romans
remains a foundation of the legal systems found in many of today’s
democratic societies.
1. Roman Law Civil Law
Roman law was concerned with order in society. It not only
addressed issues of government but also legislated behavior in the
domestic arena. Many of the social codes are similar
to the ones found in the Old Testament and other societies.
1. Roman Law Civil Law
Rome allowed vassal kingdoms to maintain their own customs, but all
subjects were expected to obey imperial and senatorial laws.
Despite the obvious hand of the Lord in Mary’s pregnancy, they still
obeyed, which required them to leave their home, even when Mary
was quite far along in her pregnancy.
Laws in Christ’s Day 2. Mosaic Law
Acts 18:14, 15 NKJV “GALLIO SAID to the Jews, ‘If it were a
matter of wrong doing or wicked crimes, O Jews, there would be
reason why I should bear with you. But if it is a question of words and
names and your law, look it up yourselves; for I do not
want to be a judge in such matters.’ ”
2. Mosaic Law Civic
ALTHOUGH THE Jews were under
Roman rule, they were granted
authority over those issues that
were unique to their customs
and religion.
The legislative body responsible
for administering Jewish law was
called the Sanhedrin.
2. Mosaic Law Civic
Sometimes referred to as the council, the Sanhedrin con- sisted of
71 men selected from among the priests, elders, and rabbis and was presided over by the high priest.
It served as a type of Supreme Court that dealt with Jewish customs,
traditions, and laws.
2. Mosaic Law Civic
Jewish societal law was founded upon the civil codes revealed in the five books of Moses, the laws are referred to as the law of Moses. 1. Temple tax, Exod 30:13 2. Divorces, Deut 24:1-4 3. Levirate marriage, Deut 25:5 4. Circumcision, Lev 12:3 5. Stoning, Deut 22:23, 24
2. Mosaic Law Ceremonial
THE “CEREMONIAL law” centered around the sanctuary and its
services, all of which, were designed to teach the children of Israel the
plan of salvation and point them to the coming Messiah.
2. Mosaic Law Ceremonial
The ceremonial system was to function as a type, a symbol of the coming of Jesus and His death and
High Priestly ministry.
Once He completed His work on earth, this old system—along with its sacrifices and rituals and feasts—no
longer was needed.
2. Mosaic Law Rabbinic
The Jews were also familiar with the law of the rabbis, the scholastic arm of the Pharisees, who took the responsibility of ensuring that the Mosaic law remained relevant to the people. They used these laws as the basis for their legislation; supple-mented them with an oral law—the interpretations of leading rabbis.
2. Mosaic Law Rabbinic
Oral law is known as halakah, which means “to walk.”
The rabbinic halakoth were collated and recorded in book form.
Some of the interpretations from Jesus’ day survive in commentaries known as Midrash, while others are
recorded in a legal collection called Mishnah.
Laws in Christ’s Day 3. Moral Law
James 2:8-12 NKJV
“IF YOU really fulfill the royal law…you do well…. For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet
stumble in one point, he is guilty of all. …
So speak and do as those who will be judged by the law of liberty.”
3. Moral Law The Ten Commandments
HOWEVER MUCH Roman law, Mosaic law, and rabbinic law impacted the
lives of Jews, many people who followed the religion of Israel lived
outside of Palestine and beyond the borders of the Roman Empire.
Many of these laws would not have played a big role in their lives. They would have adhered to the Ten Commandments.
3. Moral Law The Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments surpassed any system of law known to Jews in
the first century.
Even the Pharisees, who had meticulously memorized the 613
Mosaic laws, recognized the importance of the Ten
Commandments.
3. Moral Law The Ten Commandments
The division of the Mishnah called Tamid (5:1) contains a rabbinic
command to recite the Ten Commandments daily.
It was believed that all the other laws were contained in the Ten
Commandments.
Laws in Christ’s Day Final Words
“THE KNOWLEDGE of God’s law, and the plan of salvation were imparted to Adam and Eve by Christ Himself.
They carefully treasured the important lesson, and transmitted it by word of mouth, to their children,
and children’s children. Thus the knowledge of God’s law was
preserved.”–Selected Messages 1:230.