3-2 parametric modeling with solidworks - unc abruce/fall07/179/csgexercise.pdf3-2 parametric...

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3-2 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks Introduction In the 1980s, one of the main advancements in solid modeling was the development of the Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) method. CSG describes the solid model as combinations of basic three-dimensional shapes (pdmitive solids). The basic primitive solid set typically includes: Rectangular-prism (Block), Cylinder, Cone, Sphere, and Torus (Tube). Two solid objects can be combined into one object in various ways using operations known as Boolean operations. There are three basic Boolean operations: JOIN (Union), CUT (Difference), and INTERSECT. The JOIN operation combines the two volumes included in the different solids into a single solid. The CUT operation subtracts the volume of one solid object from the other solid object. The INTERSECT operation keeps only the volume common to both solid objects. The CSG method is also known as the Machinist's Approach, as the metho9 is parallel to machine shop practices. ) Primitive Solids I INTERSECT I

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Page 1: 3-2 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks - UNC Abruce/Fall07/179/CSGExercise.pdf3-2 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks Introduction In the 1980s, one ofthe main advancements in solid

3-2 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

Introduction

In the 1980s, one of the main advancements in solid modeling was the development ofthe Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) method. CSG describes the solid model ascombinations of basic three-dimensional shapes (pdmitive solids). The basic primitivesolid set typically includes: Rectangular-prism (Block), Cylinder, Cone, Sphere, andTorus (Tube). Two solid objects can be combined into one object in various ways usingoperations known as Boolean operations. There are three basic Boolean operations:JOIN (Union), CUT (Difference), and INTERSECT. The JOIN operation combines thetwo volumes included in the different solids into a single solid. The CUT operationsubtracts the volume of one solid object from the other solid object. The INTERSECToperation keeps only the volume common to both solid objects. The CSG method is alsoknown as the Machinist's Approach, as the metho9 is parallel to machine shoppractices.

) Primitive Solids ~

~ I INTERSECT I

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Terminal branches

Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-3

Union

The CSG is also referred to as the method used to store a solid model in the database. Theresulting solid can be easily represented by what is called a binary tree. In a binary tree,the terminal branches (leaves) are the various primitives that are linked together to makethe final solid object (the root). The binary tree is an effective way to keep track of thehistOl:v of the resulting solid. By keeping track of the history, the solid model can be re­built by re-linking through the binary tree. This provides a convenient way to modify themodel. We can make modifications at the appropriate links in the binary tree and re-linkthe rest of the history tree without building a new model.

Binary Tree

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3-4 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

The Locator Design

The CSG concept is one of the important building blocks for feature-based modeling. InSolidTflorks, the CSG concept can be used as a planning tool to determine the number offeatures that are needed to construct the model. It is also a good practice to create featuresthat are parallel to the manufacturing process required for the design. With parametricmodeling, we are no longer limited to using only the predefined basic solid shapes. Infact, any solid features we create in SolidWorks are used as primitive solids; parametricmodeling allows us to maintain full control of the design variables that are used todescribe the features. In this lesson, a more in-depth look at the parametric modelingprocedure is presented. The equivalent CSG operation for each feature is also illustrated.

),.- Before going through the tutorial, on your own, make a sketch of a CSG binary treeof the Locator design using only two basic types of primitive solids: cylinder andrectangular prism. In your sketch, how many Boolean operations will be required tocreate the model? What is your choice of the first primitive solid to use, and why?Take a few minutes to consider these questions and do the preliminary planning bysketching on a piece of paper. Compare the sketch you make to the CSG binary treesteps shown on page 3-5. Note that there are many different possibilities in combiningthe basic primitive solids to form the solid model. Even for the simplest design, it ispossible to take several different approaches to creating the same solid model.

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Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-5

Modeling Strategy - eSG Binary Tree

I

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3-6 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

Starting SolidWorks

I. Select the SolidWorks option on the Start menu or select the SolidWorks iconon the desktop to start SolidWorks. The SolidWorks main window will appear onthe screen.

2. Select the New icon with a single click of the left-mouse­button on the Standard toolbar.

%~__.p.~.!

a 3D representation of

3. Select the Part icon with a single click of the le.ft­mouse-button in the New SolidWorks Documentdialog box.

4. Select OK in the New SolidWorks Documentdialog box to open a new part document.

.:. Every object we construct in a CAD system is measured in units. We shoulddetermine the value of the units within the CAD system before creating the firstgeometric entities. For example, in one model, a unit might equal one millimeterof the real-world object; in another model, a unit might equal an inch. In mostCAD systems, setting the model units does not always set units for dimensions.We generally set model units and dimension units to the same type and precision.

5. Select the Options icon from the Standard toolbar toopen the Options dialog box.

6. Select the Document Properties tab.

7. Select ANSI in the pull-down selection window under the Dimensioning standardpanel as shown.

Notes

Balloons

Arrows

Virtual Sharps

Dimensioning standard

[~;.;.

D~;~:;JiJ~~;;~nsdisplay

o On top 0 On the rightC) On bottom 0 On the leFt

Extension lines

Gap:

Datum Features

8. Click Units as shown below. We will use the default MMGS (millimeter,gram, second) unit system.

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Constructive Solid GeometJ)' Concepts 3-7

Det.31ling

Dimensions

Notes

Balloons

Vwtual 5h.9rps

Annotations [lispl.:.',,,,

Annotations Font

Unit system

o r'lw::, (meter! hlogram.1second)

() CGS (centimeter, gr.9m, second)o ~·1r·I'G::, {rnilhHleter, gram, 5econd~1

() IP'3 (Inch, pound, second:1

OCustc,m

9. Enter 3 in the Decimal places box under the LenRth units options to define thedegree of accuracy with which the units will be displayed.

GRID and SNAP Intervals Setup

1. Click Grid/Snap as shown below. We will use the default MMGS (millimeter,gram, second) unit system.

,----==--==------------------------

! Document Properties - GridlSnap

Go To S\'stem Snaps

~'linor-lines pet' major:

Snap points per minor:

~1aJ()r gnd spacing:

1. Grid/Snap

Arrows

Virtual Sharps

Annotations Displa'/

Annotations Font

"S'Units

Colors

Material Properties

Image Qualit~...

Plane Display

1~~~~;~~~.3:.che::}.Dimensions ~DI~play grid 3. UncheckNotes 0 Dash"Balloons

~ Automatic scaling

2. Check the Display grid checkbox under the Grid options.

3. Uncheck the Dash checkbox under the Grid options.

4. Set the Major grid spacing to 50 mm under the Grid options.

5. Set the Minor-lines per major to 5 under the Grid options.

6. Click OK in the Options dialog box to accept the selected settings.

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3-8 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

Y Note that the above settings set the grid spacing in SolidWorks. Although the Snapto grid c;Jtion is also available in SolidWorks, its usage in parametric modeling is notrecommended.

Base Feature

In parametric modeling, the first solid feature is called the base feature, which usually isthe primary shape of the model. Depending upon the design intent, additional features areadded to the base feature.

Some of the considerations involved in selecting the base feature are:

• Design intent - Determine the functionality of the design; identify the feature that iscentral to the design.

• Order of features - Choose the feature that is the logical base in terms of the orderoffeatures in the design.

• Ease of making modifications - Select a base feature that is more stable and is lesslikely to be changed.

)..- A rectangular block will be created first as the base feature of the Locator design.

~ Eile ~dit I':iew ~nsert I

D rrd~~ ~[........

~ ()Sketch r., Smart

tr.\~ Dimension

I. Select the Sketch icon in the control area by clicking oncewith the left-mouse-button to display the Sketch toolbar inthe CommandManager.

2. Select the Sketch button on the Sketch toolbar to create a newsketch.

./

3. Move the cursor over the edgeof the Top Plane in thegraphics area. When the TopPlane is highlighted, click oncewith the Ieft-mouse-button toselect the Top Plane (XZPlane) as the sketch plane forthe new sketch.

Froflt Plcme

-------------Top Plor;E>---~£

./: ----------...... , ----- -----------.......

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Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-9

o 4. Select the Rectangle command by clicking once with the left-mouse­button on the icon in the Sketch toolbar.

I .

-1"c~=t~_c=Jj=-

5. Create a rectangle ofarbitrary size by selectingtwo locations on thescreen as shown below.

Sketch Entities

" Lineo Circle

•~ Centerpoint Arc

6. Inside the graphics window, click once with theright-mouse-button to bring up the option menu.

7. Select Select to end the Rectangle command.

I) [,Smat'l "f

Diroension .

8. Select the Smart Dimension command by clicking once with the left­mouse-button on the icon in the Sketch tool bar.

9. The message "Select one or two ed..c;es/vertices and then a text location" is displayedin the Status Bar area at the bottom of the SolidWorks window. Select the bottomhorizontal line by left.,.c1icking once on the line.

6. Select the horizontalline as the geometryto dimension.

7. Pick a location belowthe line to place thedimension.

10. Move the graphics cursor below the selected line and left-click to place thedimension. (Note that the value displayed on your screen might be different than whatis shown in the figure above.)

II. Enter 75 in the Mod?!v dialog box.

12. Click OK in the Mod?fjl dialog box.

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Select the dimension that is to theright side of the sketch by double­clicking with the left-mouse-buttonon the dimension text.

3-10 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

13. On your own, create the vertical sizedimension of the sketched rectangle asshown.

14. Click the OK icon in the Proper(vManager, or hit the [Esc] key once, to end theSmart Dimension command.

Modifying the Dimensions of the Sketch

1 It1 1.I

I 1 [trjt~>------~ 'I ···········1

nj I I. Seled~ft the dimensionto mo I y.

p

2. In the Modifi! window, the current length of the line isdisplayed. Enter 50 to reset the length of the line.

3. Click on the OK icon to accept the entered value.

Repositioning Dimensions

I. Move the cursor near the vertical dimension; note that thedimension is highlighted. Move the cursor slowly until asmall marker appears next to the cursor, as shown in thefigure.

2. Drag with the left-mouse-button to reposition the selecteddimension.

3. Repeat the above steps to reposition the horizontaldimension.

4. Click once with the left-mouse-button on the Exit Sketch iconon the Sketch toolbar to end the Sketch option.

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Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-11

Completing the Base Solid Feature

1i

0.1~

• Sketch •I. Select the Features icon in the control area by clicking

once with the left-mouse-button; this will display theFeatures tool bar in the CommandManager.

2. In the Features toolbar, select the Extruded Boss/Base command byclicking once with the left-mouse-button on the icon. The ExtrudeProper~vManager is displayed in the left panel.

3. In the Extrude PropertyManager panel, enter 15 as the extrusion distance. Noticethat the sketch region is automatically selected as the extrusion profile.

4. Click on the OK button to proceed with creating the 3D part.

5. Use the Viewing options to view the created part. Select the Isometric icon in theStandard Views pull-down menu to reset the display to the isometric view beforegoing to the next section.

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3-12 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

Creating the Next Solid Feature

~ Eile l;dit ILiew Insert I

E': (>5kekh" 5matt

t·...:t Dimension

1. Select the Sketch icon in the control area by clicking oncewith the left-mouse-button to display the Sketch tool bar inthe CommandManager.

2. Select the Sketch button on the Sketch tool bar to create a newsketch.

3. In the Edit Sketch Proper~vManager panel, trye message "Select a plane on whichto create a sketch for the enWv" is displayed. SolidWorks expects us to identify aplanar surface where the 20 sketch of the next feature is to be created. Move thegraphics cursor on the 3D part and notice that SolidWorks will automaticallyhighlight feasible planes and surfaces as the cursor is on top of the differentsurfaces.

4. Rotate the view using the up arrow key to display the bottom face of the solidmodel as shown below.

5. Pick the bottom faceof the solid model.

5. Pick the bottom face of the 3D model as the sketching plane.

)r Note that the sketching plane is aligned to the selected face .

Circle 1'-... Centerpoint,,{ Arc

oRedar,gle

o .~.. ' 6. Select the Circle command by clicking once with theleft-mouse-button on the icon in the Sketch tooIbar.

Page 12: 3-2 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks - UNC Abruce/Fall07/179/CSGExercise.pdf3-2 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks Introduction In the 1980s, one ofthe main advancements in solid

13. In the Features toolbar, select the Extruded Boss/Basecommand by clicking once with the left-mouse-button onthe icon. The Extrude PropertyManager is displayed inthe left panel. Notice that the sketch region isautomatically selected as the extrusion profile.

12. Select the Features icon in the control area by clickingonce with the left-mouse-button; this will display theFeatures toolbar in the CommandManager.

10. Click once with the left-mouse-button on the Exit Sketchicon on the Sketch tool bar to end the Sketch option.

d;)Revo'ivedBoss/Base

------...-..-_-~- .--c-----

y We will align the center of thecircle to the midpoint of the basefeature.

Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-13

'""- -----

7. Move the cursor along the shorteredge of the base feature and pickthe midpoint of the edge when themidpoint is displayed with a REDcolor.

I I. Select the Isometric icon in the Standard Views pull-down menu to reset thedisplay to the isometric view.

8. Select the corner of the base feature to create a circle, as shown below.

9. Press the lEse] key once to end the Circle command.

~E•. t.'.Ud.d....~Boss/B~se b.S

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3-14 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

14. In the Extrude Proper~\'Manager panel, enter 40 as the extrusion distance asshown below. Confirm the Merge result checkbox is checked.

/

-//--

~/-~..

-/.--"

?/./.r-

.~.-'

15. Click the Reverse Direction button in the PropertyManager as shown. Theextrude preview should appear as shown above.

16. Click on the OK button to proceed with creating the extruded feature.

• The two features are joined together into one solid part; the CSG-Unionoperation was performed. This is the effect of the Merge result option.

eSG Union

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Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-15

Creating an Extruded Cut Feature

• We will create a circular cut as the next solid feature of the design. We will alignthe sketch plane to the top of the last cylinder feature.

1. Select the Sketch icon in the control area by clicking once with the left-mouse­button to display the Sketch toolbar in the CommandManager.

~ ()Ske~ch t",.,. Sm·~t"~

\~ Dimension

2. Select the Sketch button on the Sketch toolbar to create a newsketch.

3. Pick the top face of the cylinder asshown.

3. Pick the top face toalign the sketch.

Circle I.... Centerpointh~ ,6.rc

oReclangle

o .~.. '4. Select the Circle command by clicking once with the

left-mouse-button on the icon in the Sketch tool bar.

5. Move the cursor over thecircular edge of the topface as shown. (Do notclick.) Notice the centerand quadrant marks appearon the circle.

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3-16 Parametri<: Modeling with SolidWorks

Sketch Entities

OW" Line

o Circle

.~ Centerpoint Arc

.... ", .. ,~.,. " ,--".

·~·~i

t~

7. Sketch a circle of arbitrary sizeinside the top face of the cylinderas shown.

6. Select the Center point of thetop face of the 3D model by leH­clicking once on the icon asshown.

8. Use the right-mouse-button todisplay the option menu andselect Select in the popup menuto end the Circle command.

Smart Dimension

rJ Spline

~ Trim Entities

¢. rvlore Dimensions '\:,

9. Inside the graphics window, click once with theright-mouse-button to display the option menu.Select the Smart Dimension option in the popupmenu.

10. Create a dimension todescribe the size of thecircle and set it to 30mm.

....•.... ...

~·~l•...........~~ ..

w. ~ketchEntities l

11. Inside the graphics window, click once with theright-mouse-button to display the option menu.Select Select in the popup menu to end the SmartDimension command.

~"I I>: Exit Sket~h i Smart;".,,,,,_.. ,,-1';:., I Dimension

12. Click once with the left-mouse-button on the Exit Sketchicon on the Sketch toolbar to end the Sketch option.

............-----------------u..-....

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Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-17

13. Select the Features icon in the control area by clickingonce with the left-mouse-button; this will display theFeatures toolbar in the CommandManager.

QiExtrud.dBo::/8.:.

~ 4JE:-:trude:d Revolv~d

Cu~ I:"';::.. 80$:/B.:.:;e"',

14. In the Features toolbar, select the Extruded Cutcommand by clicking once with the left-mouse-button onthe icon. The Clft-Extrude Proper(vManager is displayedin the left panel. Notice that the sketch region (the circle)is automatically selected as the extrusion profile.

I CSG Cut

15. In the Cut-Extrude PropertyManager panel, click the arrow to reveal the pull­down options for the End Condition (the default end condition is 'Blind") andselect Through All as shown.

+._.~ Parti

16. Click the OK button (green check mark) in the Cut-Extrude Proper(vManagerpanel.

• The circular volume is removedfrom the solid model; the CSG-Cutoperation resulted in a single solid.

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Hol~ 5pec;fic~tiorr . ...

3-18 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

3. Notice the Sketch toolbar isdisplayed in theCommandManager and the Pointbutton is selected. The Pointcommand allows you to insert apoint to serve as the center for thehole.

4. Pick a location inside thehorizontal surface of the basefeature as shown.

2. In the Hole Spec~fication Proper(vManager, select thePositions panel by clicking once with the left­mouse-button on the Positions tab as shown. ThePositions tab allows you to locate the hole on aplanar or non-planar face.

I. In the Features toolbar, select the Hole Wizard command byclicking once with the left-mouse-button on the icon as shown. TheHole Specification PropertyManager is displayed in the left panel.

[PJ Type" Positions ~'"\..-\~~

~"Hoi. ,""IZard

t"

• The last cut feature we created is a sketchedfeatul'e, where we created a rough sketchand performed an extrusion operation. We can also create a hole using the SolidWorksHole Wizard. With the Hole Wizard, the hole feature does not need a sketch and canbe created automatically. Holes, fillets, chamfers, and shells are all examples offeatures that do not require a sketch.

Creating a Hole with the Hole Wizard

5. Select the Smart Dimension command by clicking once with the left­mouse-button on the icon in the Sketch toolbar.

--------------------------~

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Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-19

6. Pick the center point by clicking once with theleft-mouse-button as shown.

7. Pick the right-edge of the top face of the basefeature by clicking once with the left-mouse­button as shown.

8. Select a location for the dimension byclicking once with the left-mouse-button asshown.

'''".,~'''',..,.,...,.,...,.." ,""¥v'*"...... ",.._w,

Modify CJ 9. Enter 30 in the ModifiJ dialog box, and select OK.

10. On your own, enter the additionaldimension as shown (the dimension is25 mm).

11. Press the [Esc] key once to end theSmart Dimension command.

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3-20 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

o Near side countersink

o Far side countersink

12. In Hole PropertyManager, select the Type panelby clicking once with the left-mouse-button on theType tab as shown.

12. Select the Type tab.

13. Select the Hole icon under the Hole Spec[ficationoption. (This is the default setting and is probablyalready selected.)

13. Select Hole button.

14. Select Ansi Metric in the Standard optionwindow.

14. Select Ansi Metric.

]5. Set the Size option to a diameter of 20 mm.

15. Set to 20 mm.

16. Set the End Condition option to Through All.

16. Select Through All.

17. Click the OK button (green check mark) in the Hole PropertyManager to proceedwith the Hole feature.

• The circular volume is removed from the solid model; the CSG-Cut operationresulted in a single solid.

ICSG Cut I

--------------------~

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Constructiv~ Solid G~OIl1~try Conc~pts 3-2\

Creating a Rectangular Extruded Cut Feature

• Next create a rectangular cut as the last solid feature of the Locator.

6. Click once with the left-mouse-button on the Exit Sketchicon on the Sketch toolbar to end the Sketch option.

3. Select the Rectangle command hy clicking once with the left-mouse­hutton on the icon in the Sketch toolbar.

4. Create a rectangle that is aligned to the topand hottom edges of the base feature asshown.

5. On your own, create and modify the twodimensions as shown. The dimensions are 15mm and 20 mm.

2. Pick the right face of the base feature as shown.

I. In the Standard too Ibar, select the Sketch commandhy left-clicking once on the icon. (Note: For previoussketches we executed the command from theCommandManager.)

"'e ~I!I ~.~

>i; (jjJ (~

=~'e,;;le$ .'..'l r)~'I':-.' ske:d:. !x edit;:; an:=,:'··i:Ji':IJ ·;h:·t'~~1

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I""""

3-22 Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks

7. Notice the sketch is selected (it appears green).

8. Press the Esc key once to unselect the sketch.Notice the color of the sketch changes to grey.

9. Select the Features icon in the control area by clickingonce with the left-mouse-button to display the Featurestoolbar in the Commc:ndManager.

Qi%£xtrud~d

BQss/Base

6foR~volv~d

Bo<s/Bas~

10. In the Features toolbar, select the Extruded Cutcommand by clicking once with the left-mouse-buttonon the icon.

Select:1) a plane, a planar face or anedge on which to sketch thefeature cross-section

or

~ in' •• 11%· . »~ch3

Eb lAl Annotations

I+i~ Design Binder

it! :j] Solid Bodies(l)

1::: Material <not specified>

+; l6J Lights and Cameras

Front Plane

Top Plane

':$~ Right Plane

1.-. Origin

it! !Wi Extrude1

i'F{li Extrude2

i+i ~ Cut-Extrudel

l#d;'t 020.0 (20) Diameter Holel

"~~,t

II. Notice that in the Proper(vManager and on theStatus Bar you are prompted to select a plane, face,etc. This is because no plane or sketch was pre­selected when the Extrude-Cut command wasexecuted.

12. Click once with the left-mouse-button on theCancel icon (red X) in the PropertyManager, orpress the Esc key once, to cancel the Extrude-Cutcommand.

13. In the Feature Manager Design Tree, move the cursorover the Sketch icon at the bottom of the tree asshown. Notice the sketch of the rectangle ishighlighted in the graphics area. Click once with theleft-mouse-button to select the sketch.

14. Notice the sketch again appears green in the graphicsarea, and the icon for the sketch is highlighted inFeatureManager Design Tree, indicating it isselected.

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f!2E,t,ud.dBossJB.~:;;e

~ 4)Extrudt2d Revolved

Cut [>. 80"fB·".

Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 3-23

15. In the Features toolbar, select the Extruded Cutcommand by clicking once with the left-mouse-button onthe icon. Notice that the sketch region (the rectangle) isautomatically selected as the extrusion profile.

16. In the Cut-Extrude Proper~vManager panel, click the arrow to reveal the pull­down options for the End Condition (the default end condition is Blind) and selectUp To Next as shown.

17. Click the OK button (green check mark) in the Cut-Extrude PropertyManagerpanel.

18. Save the model with the name Locator.

~r-\~)

CSG Cut