3 european conference on neutron scattering · 2003-09-26 · michel alba, ecole ecns2003 3rd...

Michel ALBA, Ecole ECNS2003Michel ALBA, Ecole ECNS2003

3rd European Conferenceon Neutron Scattering

Introductory Course at the French neutron centreL.L.B., Saclay, 1-2 September 2003

Organised byUniversity Montpellier 2

Laboratoire Léon Brillouin

Montpellier, 3-6 September 2003

In collaboration withEuropean Neutron Scattering AssociationSociété Française de la NeutroniqueInstitut Laue Langevin

ECNS 2003

UM2

MONTPELLIER

Univeristé de Montpellier 2

European Neutron Scattering Association

Michel ALBA, Ecole ECNS2003Michel ALBA, Ecole ECNS2003

Neutrons, Neutrons, Neutrons, …

I The Existence of a Neutron By J. Chadwick, F.R.S.Proc. Roy. Soc., A, 136, p. 692-708 (Received May 10, 1932)

Michel ALBA,Michel ALBA, Ecole Ecole ECNS2003 ECNS2003

Neutron Sources Now and in the FuturePierre Monceau / Michel Alba

LLB UMR12 CEA-CNRS

Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Saclay


Neutron Sources …

I The Sources, Past and Presentu Reactorsu Spallation Sources

I Access to Neutron Facilitiesu Service vs collaborationsu National vs Europe

I The Futureu New Spallation Sources

F in the USA (SNS)and Japan (J-PARC)

u ESS … 2015?

EL2-EL3, Saclay, 1957 (before Orphée-LLB)

ESS … 2015


Neutron sources Now

I Research Reactorsu ILL as THE European Sourceu National sources: LLB, FRMII, HMI, …

I Spallation Sources in Europeu ISIS in Great Britainu SINQ in Switzerland ISIS Map

ILL


Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble

The ILL Reactor


Max Von LAUE and Paul LANGEVIN

I Max Von Laue (1879-1960)u Nobel prize in 1914

I Paul Langevin (1872-1946)u Magnetism, Stochastic processes


ILL: Past, Present and Future

I Proposal in 1964 and laboratory funded in 1967u France and Germany - L. Néel and H. Maier-Leibnitz

I Reactor First critical in 1971u Operational for research in 1972 at “58” MW

I Three main associates (owners)u France and Germany + Great Britain in 1973

I Scientific partners mainly in Europeu Spain (1987) , Switzerland (1988)u Austria (1990), Russia (1996), Italy (1997), Czech Rep. (1999)

I European agreement in 2002 for ten years (-> 2013)


ILL :THE Source

58 MW reactorCycles of 50 days

Two Cold SourcesOne Hot SourceTwo Guide HallsCold guidesThermal guides

Normal schedule4.5 cycles / year

2003-20053 cycles / year

The ILL Reactor Core

Cerenkov Radiation


Map of the ILL instrument suite

Cold neutrons

Coldneutrons

Thermal

Hot


ILL instruments

I The Yellow BookI Twenty-five (25) instrumentsI Nine (9) CRG instruments

u CRG-A running ILL instrumentsu CRG-B building/running complementary instu CRG-C special instruments

I Seven (7) test beamsu Device and/or Detector testsu Sample alignment

I Twleve (12) diffractometersI Twelve (12) spectrometersI Six (6) Nuclear Physics

InstrumentsI Ten (10) special Instruments

D20Diffractometer

IN143-Axis

IN11Spin-Echo


IN14: a typical ILLSpectrometer

I Triple-Axis Spectrometer on thehorizontal cold source: start in 1989

I 6.1 Å > λ > 2.3 ÅI 1.03 Å-1 < Ki < 2.67 Å-1

I 2.2 meV < Ei < 14.8 meVI High Flux ( up to 4*107 n/cm2/s)I Polarisation analysis modeI Inelastic and quasielastic studies on

single crystals or disordered systemsI Spin Waves, Phonons, …I Diffusive processes, … -0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Ki (Å-1)

IN14 Flux and contamination

1 1.5

Φ(107n/cm2/s)

2 2.5 3

Φ(λ)

Φ(λ/2)

Φ(λ/3)

IN14 Flux in 1990(better now !)


Numbers of Experiments at the ILL


Nationality of ILL Users

F 23%

GB 20%

AUT 2%CH 4%

CZ 1%

D 19%

E 5%

RUS 6%

I 5%

OTHERS 15%

Probably the best neutron source in the world …


National Sources in EUROPE:LLB, FRMII, ISIS, …

I Needs for National Sourcesu Experiments not limited by a lower fluxu Prepare experiments to be done at the ILLu Develop novel neutron techniques or complex sample environmentu Privileged access for hot topics, thesis students, …u Train new users and attract new science to neutron scattering

I National Sources in Europeu France: LLB at the Orphée Reactoru Great-Britain: ISIS (spallation source)u Germany : BENSC (HMI, Berlin), FRJ2 (Julich), FRM2 (Munich)u Smaller reactors: …


I A modern and versatile reactoru Medium power (15 MW) but optimal

neutron flux (compact core)u Very good reliabilityu Two cold sources and one “hot” source

I A recent and upgradeable reactoru Started in 1981 ( 22 years ago)u Fuel for the next 10 yearsu Size increase on the 2T tube in 1999u Reactor core vessel changed in 1997u Cold sources upgraded in 1995

Availability (%)

Operating days (JEPP)

Year

103,3

186

2001

102,7

183

200220001999199819971996

101,496,899,495,498,2

213205218188245

The Orphée Reactor

8F

9F


Map of the LLB instrument suite


LLB: fondamental research, user facility and industry

I Joint CNRS/CEA Research Unitu 110 people, 20 M€/yearu 26 thesis defended during the past 4 years

I A large installation and user facility forneutron scattering

u 4200 days (300 experiments),600 visitors per year (200 foreigners)

I European Installationu Access program to large Infrastructures :

LLB Since 1992

I Industrial use of neutrons

Research at LLB :

Utilisation du LLB en 2001 (en jours de faisceau)

FRANCE66%

CEE22%

PECO6%

RUSSIE-CEI3%

DIVERS3%

FRANCE

CEEPECORUSSIE-CEIDIVERS

Utilisation 2001 du LLB ( temps de faisceau)

Physico-chimie/bio

20.4%

Structures17.2%

Magnétisme37.9%

matériaux24.6%

Physico-chimie/bio

StructuresMagnétisme

matériaux


Orphée-LLB Schedule

I CEA-CNRS rule in 2001-2003 :u 180 JEPP (Full power equivalent days)u In practice : two cycles of 100 days, one per semester

I First semester 2003:u Reactor start .... 5 février 2003u Half-cycle stop .... 6 avril 2003 (3 weeks for Easter holydays)u Restart .... 30 avril 2003u End of cycle … 9 juin 2003u Summer stop (Repairs of 8F and 9F) ==> 15 weeks

I Second semester 2003:u Reactor Start … 13 october 2003

I CEA-CNRS rule in 2004 :u 114 JEPP in six (6) mini-cycles of 19 days


LLB Summer 2003 work on 8F and 9F guides


FRM2 inMünchen, D

I A new high flux reactor inGermany Due to start in 2004

I 20 MW, highly enriched U, D2OI Five (5) Cycles of 52 days / yearI Ten (10) instruments in the

Reactor HallI Seven (7) instruments in the

Guide HallI Access to the FRM1 hall


ISIS, Spallation sourceOxford, GB

I 0.8Gev SynchrotronI 200 µA, 0.25 MWI Twenty-two (22) instrumentsI Time of flight techniqueI Ideal to map large regions of

reciprocal spaceI Needs of numerous detectors


Example of a Spallation Spectrometer

GEM , ISIS, GB• 1 sec - 90° only (14 modules)• 9 pulses (80 modules)• 1.5 pulses GEM at 7m Diffraction during one pulse

neutron pulse ≈ 300 µs


KHCO3, a quantum crystal

Structure of KHCO3 (14 K, 5C2, LLB)

Reciprocal space map of KHCO3 (up) and KDCO3 (down) in the (a*,c*) plane up to 22 Å-1 on SXD, ISIS

F. Fillaux, A. Cousson and D. Keen,Phys.Rev. B 67, 054301 (2003)

The (HCO3-)2 quantum dynamics along the (3 0 -1) ridge

Peaks from quantum interferences (position and nuclear spin)Broad hump from incoherent scattering

KHCO3

KDCO3

Fermions

Bosons


ISIS-2: a second targetstation in 2004

I Major upgrade of ISISI Budget of £1bn for the targetI Ten(10) proposed instrumentsI More flux, more resolutionI New types of instruments

u Spin-echou Ultra-Small Angle, …

I Techinal developments to prepare ESS


Access to Neutron Facilities in Europe

I National vs European Sourcesu Medium or long term projects: Collaborations with national sourcesu Short term or « hot » projects: European sources more on a service basis

I The Proposal Procedureu Proposal to describe experiment and techniqueu Ask for european fundings for travel and expensesu Selection panel (peer reviewing): Overload ratio 1.7-2.2u Invitation to perform the experimentu Experimental report writing

I Time Scheduleu Twice a year: March/April and September/October


Normal projectsFast access

procedure (for short experiment

or test)

Long term project(3 years projects)

2 submission sessions per year : - the spring session (deadline 1st April)

- the autumn session (deadline 1st October)

Submission during all theyear and reserved to french

teams

Procedure for the submission of the research proposals

Research proposals examined by the LLB Direction

Research proposals examined by the Users Selection Panel

Classification of the proposals

- A priority : application successfull- B : on a complementary list- C : rejected

Classification of the proposals

- Accepted for 1 day of beam time- or rejected


The LLB proposal classification scheme

Theme BSTRUCTURAL STUDIES,

PHASE TRANSITIONS

B.01 Mineral crystalline structures :ceramics, zeolites, hydrides, alloys....

B.02 Molecular systems

B.03 Structural studies of phasetransitions

B.04 Dynamical and structuralproperties of quasiperiodic systems

B.05 Lattice dynamics

B.06 Dynamical properties ofphase transitions

B.07 Other ...

Theme CMAGNETISM,

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

C.01 Superconductor materials andrelated compounds (Structuralstudies included)

C.02 4 f Lanthanide systems (heavyfermions)

C.03 5 f Actinide systems (heavyfermions)

C.04 3 d Transition systems

C.05 Low dimensional magnetism

C.06 Magnetic multi-layers

C.07 Frustration and magneticdisorder. Small magnetic particles

C.08 Molecular magnetism

C.09 Other ...

Theme ACHEMICAL PHYSICS,

BIOLOGY

A.01 Polymers, liquid crystals

A.02 Water, aqueous solutions,polyelectrolytes

A.03 Biology

A.04 Colloids, surfactants

A.05 Gels, composite materials

A.06 Other ...

Theme DDISORDERED

SYSTEMS, MATERIALS

D.01 Local order in alloys

D.02 Liquid and amorphousstructures

D.03 Dynamics of disorderedsystems

D.04 Glass transition

D.05 Thin film materials

D.06 Materials : textures

D.07 Materials : stresses

D.08 Materials : clusters, cavities

D.09 Neutron radiography

D.10 Other ...


Neutron Sources in the Future

I New spallation sourcesu SNS in the USA

F Dedicated facility, only neutronsF in construction, start in 2006

u J-PARC in JapanF Multipurpose facility, neutrons, nuclear physics, transmutation, …F in construction, start in 2006

I ESS … 2015?u European Spallation Source project


Spallation: the Future of Neutrons

I Spallationu More fluxu New techniquesu Safety

I High EnergyPhysics

u Acceleratorsu Synchrotronu Detectors ?


SNS: the americanspallation source

I Start in 2005-2006I Spallation: neutron onlyI 1 GeV, 2 MW(1-3 MW),

60 Hz, 2 mA synchrotronfor the neutron source

I Ten (10) instrumentsplanned already at the start

I Two European instrumentsI Second target possible

Startof construction

1999

Target08/03


J-PARC: the Japanese

Source

I Start in 2006-2007I MultipurposeI 3GeV, 1MW,

25 Hz and 333 µAsynchrotron for theneutron source

I Eigtheen (18)instruments plannedalready

Startof construction

June 2002

Linac06/03


Neutron Landscape in Europe

I Many Sources ofany size and use

I But …I Only Seven-Eight

sources operationalafter 2010


ESS ProjectI Needs for EUROPE to prepare The FutureI 1992-1999 and 1999-2002: design phaseI ESS project in competition with other Big InstrumentsI Public Meeting in Bonn , May 2002I Close-down of ESS project, July 2003I More initiative needed to convince Brussels

Project Power Operational BudgetISIS-2 0.25 MW 2004 0.12 G¤

SNS 2 MW > 2006 1.4 G¤JHF/NSP 1 MW > 2006 ?

ESS 5 MW > 2015 >1.5 G¤


ESS: the project

I Start in 2105-2016 at the bestI Spallation: neutron onlyI 1 GeV, 5 MW synchrotron for the

neutron sourceI Two target designI Short pulse station 5MW

u 50 Hz, 14 µsu 22 instruments possible

I Long pulse station 5MWu 16 2/3 Hz, 2 msu 22 instruments possible

I www.ess-europe.de


References on the WEB

I Laboratoire Léon Brillouin: www-llb.cea.frI Institut Laue-Langevin: www.ill.frI ISIS, Didcot, GB: www.isis.rl.ac.ukI FRMII, Munich, D: www.frm2.tu-muenchen.deI BENSC, Berlin, D: www.hmi.de/bensc/I ESS: www.ess-europe.deI Neutron Scattering: www.neutron.anl.gov

3 european conference on neutron scattering · 2003-09-26 · michel alba, ecole ecns2003 3rd...

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