3. f2014 education and early humanism
DESCRIPTION
The influence of humanism on learning in early Tudor England. Erasmus and the instructors of the royal children, Arthur and Henry The New Learning and the scrutiny of Greek texts.TRANSCRIPT
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Education and Humanists
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Priority: Survival of the Household
• Subsistence (80%): market (20%) of agriculture• Risk of bad harvests• Disease• Life expectancy from birth = 33
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Priority: Future of the Household
• Work positions for families with many children; acquiring workers for those with few children
• Learning skills through apprenticeships• Arranging marriages
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Education of Elizabeth of York
• Literate in French– Historical romances
• Dancing, musical instruments• Hunting• Table games• Sewing, needlework
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Raising the Children
• Prince Arthur - own household• Other children at Eltham Palace
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Arthur (1486-1502)
• 1488 Dame Elizabeth Darcy, governess• 1489 Knight of Bath; 1491 Knight of the Garter• 1490 Warden of the Scottish Marches• 1492 Keeper of England; King's Lieutenant• 1501 Sent to Wales
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Education of Elizabeth of York
• Literate in French– Historical romances
• Dancing, musical instruments• Hunting• Table games• Sewing, needlework
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Arthur (1486-1502)
• 1488 Dame Elizabeth Darcy, governess• 1489 Knight of Bath; 1491 Knight of the Garter• 1490 Warden of the Scottish Marches• 1492 Keeper of England; King's Lieutenant• 1501 Sent to Wales
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Education of a Prince (Arthur)
• Tutor: poet, John Skelton• Humanist exposure – Erasmus• Languages, science • Hunting and military training
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Marriage of Arthur
1501
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Marriage of Arthur
• Discussed as early as 1487• Treaty of Medina del Campo (12/1490)• Proxy marriage (1497)
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The New Learning
Classical works• Italian scholarship had brought back many
Greek and Roman works• Latin translations from the Greek were made• Printing made these more available
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Catherine of Aragon?
Juan
de
Flan
des
c. 1
500
Michel Sitt
ow c. 1505
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Education: Catherine of Aragon
• Isabella – self taught in Latin• Catherine taught Latin by
Beatriz Galindo• Learned Italian• Sewing, needlework,
music and dancing• Asked to learn French for role in England
Beatriz GalindoLa Latina
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Royal Tutors chosen by Henry VII
• John Rede (d. 1521): Professional teacher– Tutor of Arthur to 1496
• Bernard André (1450-1522) Poet; historian– Official historian of Henry VII– Poet and orator– Tutor of Arthur from 1496-1500
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Royal Tutors
• John Skelton (1460-1529) Poet– Tutor of Henry VIII from 1488-1502-3– Pedagogic writings for Henry
• Latin humanists: – William Hone
Tutor of Henry and later Princess Mary Tudor– John Holt (d. 1504)
Lac puerorum, subtitled Mylke for ChyldrenGrammar tutor of Henry VIII
• Giles Duwes: French (Arthur, Margaret, Henry, Mary)
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DuwesFrench text
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Arthur’s Reading List
• Grammar: Guarino,Perotti, Leto, Sulpizio,Aulus Gellius,and Valla;
• Poetry: Homer, Virgil, Lucan, Ovid, Silius Italicus, Plautus, and Terence
• Oratory: Cicero (De officius, Letters, Paradoxa stoicorum), Quintilian;
• History: Thucydides, Livy, Caesar's Commentaries, Suetonius, Tacitus, Pliny, Valerius Maximus, Sallust and Eusebius
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Thomas Linacre (1460-1524)
• Studied Greek in Italy• 1496 Medical degree from
Padua• 1499 In charge of
education of Arthur; 1523 Involved in education of Mary
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Linacre
• 1509 royal physician• Translated Galen from Greek to Latin• 1518 Creation of a college of physicians in
London• Left money to establish medical lectureships
at Oxford and Cambridge
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John Colet (1467-1519)
• 1498 Began translation of New Testament from Greek to English
• Assisted in production of Greek grammar
• Opposed– Importance given to confession– Pilgrimage; relics; cult of
images
• 1512 Reform of St. Paul’s School
• Chaplain to Henry VIII
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Desiderius Erasmus (1467-1536)
• Resident in England 1499-1506; 1509-14
• 1509 Praise of Folly• 1526 On Christian
Matrimony
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Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540)
• In England 1523-1528• 1523 De Institutione
Foeminae Christianae – Addresses education of
Princess Mary
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Thomas Elyot (1490-1546)
• 1523 Senior clerk to Henry VIII’s council
• 1531 The Boke Named the Governour– An education for the
governing class
• 1538 Latin-English dictionary
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Thomas More (1478-1535)
• 1496 admitted to the bar
• ~1501 Became friends with Erasmus
• Utopia advances– Learning Latin after
learning the vernacular– Education of girls
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Utopia (1516) Thomas More Epigrams (1520)
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Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542)
1526 Ambassador to France 1527 Ambassador to the Pope1528 Translation of Petrarch for Catherine of Aragon1532 Accompanied Henry and Anne Boleyn to Calais1540 Imprisoned for supposed anti-Henry speech but released through intercession of Catherine Howard
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Petrachian Sonnet (On execution of Cromwell?)
The piller pearisht is whearto I Lentthe strongest staye of myne vnquyet mvndeThe lyke of it no man agayne can fyndeffrom East to west still seking thoughe he wentTo myne vnhappe for happe away hath rentOf all my ioye the vearye bark and ryndeAnd I (alas) by chaunce am thus assyndeDearlye to moorne till death do it relent
But syns that thus it is by destenyeWhat can I more but have a wofull hartMy penne in playnt, my voyce in wofull cryeMy mynde in woe, my bodye ful of smartAnd I my self, my self alwayes to hateTill dreadfull death, do cease my dolefull state
abbaabba
cdcdee
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Oxford, Corpus Christi
• 1517 Foundation by Richard Fox • Study of Scripture to be underpinned by
instruction in Latin and Greek, and by the study of patristic texts– may have been the only college in Oxford to have
Greek books in its library before 1535 • Required the Reader of Humanity to "manfully
root out barbarity from our garden."
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Corpus Christi
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Medical Education
• 1422 (9 Hen. V), – "No one shall use the mysterie of fysyk, unless he
hath studied it in some University, and is at least a bachelor in the science.”
– “any woman who shall practice physick shall incur the same penalty” [as those who are not qualified as above].
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Medicine
• King Henry VIII (C. 11, 1511) “Except for those graduating in medicine at Oxford and Cambridge, all desiring to practice medicine or surgery in London and seven miles around must be approved, after examination, by the Bishop of London, or the Dean of St. Paul's with, in the case of physicians, the assistance of four doctors in physick, and, in the case of surgeons, of other expert persons of that faculty."