3. mine operation

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III. MINE OPERATION

UNIT OPERATION

WASTE

ORE

Prepare Drill Bench- Level bench with bulldozer - Inspect highwall for potentialrockfalls and scale as necessary- Survey and lay out drill holes

Drill Blastholes

Blast- Load explosives intoboreholes- Connect detonators so as togive desired firing order andtimes

- Fire when safe to do so

Load Fragmented Material- soft material will be fragmentedby the cutting action of theloading machine(Belt Conveyor or LHD)

H aul Material- Ore and waste- can be local, as with rubber-tiredvehicles used in a gathering mode,or long distance-Haulage can be cyclical or continuous.i. Cyclical: trucks or load-and-carryvehicles.ii. Continuous: conveyor belts or pipelines.

Beneficiationplant

TAILINGS


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EQUIPMENTS

BLASTING:

1. Explosives- Used to fragm en t mat e rial s.

e. g. ANFO( ammo n ium n itrat e fue l oil)

2. Truck mounted drill

LOADING:

1. Power Shovel- is a buck e t-eq uipp ed machi ne, usually e lectrically pow e red, used for d igging and loa d ing earth or

fragm en ted rock a nd for mi ne ral ex tractio n.


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2. Conveyor (Belt Conveyor)

- cons ists of two or mor e pull eys, with a co n tinuou s loop of mat e rial - th e conve yor b e lt - thatrotat es about th e m . One or both of th e pull eys ar e pow e red, mo ving th e be lt a nd th e mat e rial o n th e be lt forwar d. The pow e red pull ey is called th e drive pull ey whil e th e unpow e red pulley is called th e id le r.

3. Backhoe

- also call ed a r ear actor or back actor , is a pi ece of ex cavati ng eq uipm en t or d igge r co ns isting of ad igging buck e t o n th e end of a two-part articulat ed arm . They ar e typically mou n ted on th e backof a tractor or fro n t loa de r. The se ctio n of th e arm clo ses t to th e ve hicle is know n as th e boom ,

and th e se ctio n which carri es th e buck e t is know n as th e d ipp e r or d ipp e r stick (th e te rm s "boom" a nd "d ipp e r" ha ving been used pr ev iou sly on ste am sho ve ls). The boom i s attach ed toth e ve hicle through a pi vot k now n as th e kingpo st , which allow s th e arm to slew le ft a nd right , usually through a total of arou nd 200 de grees. Mo de rn backho es ar e pow e red by hy draulic s.


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H AULING:

1. Dump truck

- is a truck u sed for tra ns porti ng loo se mat e rial (such a s sand, gra ve l, or d irt) for co ns tructio n. Atypical dump truck i s eq uipp ed with a hy draulically op e rat ed op en -bo x bed hinged at th e re ar , th e fro n t of which ca n be lifted up to allow th e con ten ts to b e de po sited on th e grou nd be hind

th e truck at th e site of de live ry.

2. Conveyor

-thi s can also b e used to tra ns port or haul fragm en ted rock s de pend ing upo n th e d ista nce of tra ns port .

H AZARDS

1. Explosives:

-lack of bla st ar e a se curity-flyrock


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-pr e matur e bla st-mi sfire

2. Truck Mounted Drill:- struck a noth e r p e rson. - fire

3. Loading

-Ove rtur ns cau sed by tur n ing uphill o n a stee p slop e. Hitti ng a n obj e ct such a s a d itch , stump , or hol e whil e mo ving ca n cau se an ove rtur n or cau se th e op e rator or a n ex tra ri de r to fall off a nd be ru nove r. -Load falls to a noth e r p e rson. -Foot brak e linkag e fails. - fire -falling on to e lev at ed surfac es, taili ngs e tc .

4. H auling equipment

- ove rtur n - hit a noth e r work e r or p e rson. - falling from b en ch or to e lev at ed plac es w/ cliff lik e som e roa dway s. - se rvice brak e fails. -fire

5. Other hazards- C ollap se of u ns tabl e highwall s - Falling from b en ch/l ed ge cut .

3. mine operation

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