3 regional forum on sustainable agricultural … · tractors tractor 18900 35714 157310 252861...

3rd Regional Forum on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Asia and the Pacific

3rd ASEAN Conference on Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Co-located with the 12th Engineering Research and Development for Technology in Agriculture

9-11 December 2015, Manila, the Philippines

Slide #2 CSAM Slide #2

Human Resource Development for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Pakistan



Agriculture accounts for 20.9% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

It is source of livelihood of 43.5% of rural population

More than 1.5 million people are directly engaged in agricultural mechanization



Largest food crop is wheat with annual production of about 25.0 million tons

Second largest food crop is rice with annual production of 6.8 million metric tons

Annual production of cotton is about 14.0 million bales, and sugarcane production is 62.7 million tons.



Machinery 1968 1975 1984 1994 2004 % of

Tractors

Tractor 18900 35714 157310 252861 401663 100

Cultivator 14338 31619 146863 236272 369866 92

MB Plow 2335 2734 7319 28413 40050 10

Disc Plow 2513 2938 6355 20372 29218 7

Blade 3925 4200 69004 164489 233126 58

Chisel Plow - - 712 6535 8514 2

Rotavator - - 2101 5594 47919 12

Bar/Disc Harrow 2007 2373 8140 13233 23764 6



Machinery 1968 1975 1984 1994 2004 % of

Tractors

Ridger - 120 4711 10984 71338 18

Grain Drill 563 1174 11251 64126 70810 18

Sprayer - 473 - 20778 21756 5

Trailer - 18074 98787 176412 242655 60

Thresher - 5635 78377 112707 137270 34

Reaper - - - 8073 5341 1

Combine Harvester - - - 395 1524

Laser Leveler - - - - 2785 1



TRACTORS MODEL – HORSE

POWER (HP)

PRICE / UNIT

INCLUDING GST (RS.)

PRODUCTION

(IN NOS.)

(July-March 2014-15)

M/s Al-Ghazi Tractors

NH 480-S (55HP) 706,200 3,630

NH 480-S with power (55HP) 717,200 1,285

Ghazi (65 HP) 785,400 5,641

NH 640 (75HP) 998,800 1,182

NH 640 WBD (75HP) 1,009,800 67

NH 640-S (85HP) 1,098,000 34

NH 640-S (WBD) (85 HP) 1,115,400 31

NH 55-56 (55HP) 756,800 3

NH 60-56 (60HP) 841,500 -

NH 70-56 (85hp) 1,424,500 45



TRACTORS MODEL – HORSE

POWER (HP)

PRICE / UNIT

INCLUDING GST

(RS.)

PRODUCTION (IN

NOS.)

(July-March 2014-15)

M/s Millat Tractors Ltd

MF-240 (50 HP) 715,000 8,668

MF-350 plus (50 HP) 761,200 50

MF-260 (60 HP) 794,000 4,104

MF-360 (60 HP) 819,500 920

MF-375-S (75 HP) 1,039,500 2,892

MF-385 (85 HP) 1,160,500 920

MF-385 4WD (85 HP) 1,760,000 171

Total: 31,963



o More then 500 manufacturers are engaged in manufacturing of following machines: • Tillage equipments (primary & Secondary) • Seed bed preparation equipment • Planting and inter-culture equipment • Harvesting & threshing equipment • Crop protection and haulage equipment



o So far agricultural mechanization research proves to be worth in Pakistan

o Following machines were adapted in Pakistan.

• Reaper – wind rower

• Zero-tillage drill

• Groundnut digger & thresher

• Throw-in type paddy thresher

• Pneumatic row crop planter

• Wheat Straw chopper



o Following machines were developed in the country.

• Solar-cum-gas fired date dryer

• Fertilizer band placement drill

• Mobile seed processing unit

• Mobile flat bed dryer

• Seeder for combine harvested paddy fields



• Precision agriculture

• Alternative energy technologies

• Environmental engineering

• Post Harvest Mechanization

• Livestock Mechanization



i. Employment Status in Universities:

Sr.

No University Faculty/Department

Pro

fess

ors

Ass

ocia

te

Pro

fess

ors

Ass

ista

nt

Pro

fess

ors

Lectu

rers

Ass

ista

nt

Execu

tive

En

gin

eers

Tech

nic

ian

/ L

ab

Ass

tt.

1 University of

Agriculture, Faisalabad

Faculty of Agricultural

Engineering and

Technology

6 4 9 30 16 18

2 PMAS - University of

Arid Agriculture,

Rawalpindi


Engineering and

Technology 2 1 1 4 1 5

3 Bahauddin Zakariya

University College of

Agriculture, Multan

Department of Agricultural

Engineering 0 1 5 5 2 5



4 Sindh Agriculture

University, Tandojam

Faculty of Agricultural Engineering

4 2 13 9 0 10

5 Khairpur College of

Agricultural

Engineering and

Technology.

Affiliated with Sindh Agriculture


1 0 1 6 0 2

6 University of

Engineering and

Technology, Peshawar

Department of Agricultural

Engineering 4 1 4 5 0 8

Total: 17 9 33 59 19 48

Employment Status in Universities:



ii. Employment in PARCs:

Sr.

No. Organization Division/Institute

Ch

ief

Scie

nti

st-I

I

Prin

cip

al E

ng

ineer

Sen

ior

Scie

nti

fic

Off

icer

Scie

nti

fic O

ffic

er

Tec

hn

icia

n

1 Pakistan Agricultural

Research Council

Agricultural Engineering

Division 1 2 0 0 0

2 National Agricultural

Research Centre

Agricultural and Biological

Engineering Institute 0 5 2 15 20

Total: 1 7 2 15 20



Province Organization Directorates

Dir

ecto

r

Ag

ri.

En

gg

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l

En

gin

eer

Ass

tt. A

gri.

En

gin

eer

Tech

nic

ian

s

Punjab Directorate of

General

Agriculture

(Field)

Directorates of

Agricultural

Engineering, Multan,

Lahore, Faisalabad,

Rawalpindi

05 22 107 2348

Sindh Field Director

General

Agriculture

Directorate General

Agricultural

Engineering and Water

Management 01 05 22 500



Province Organization Directorates

Dir

ecto

r

Ag

ri.

En

gg

Ag

ric

ult

ura

l

En

gin

eer

Ass

tt. A

gri.

En

gin

eer

Tech

nic

ian

s

Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa

Field Director

General

Agriculture

Directorate

of

Agricultural

Engineering

1 3 11 240

Baluchistan Field Director

General

Agriculture

Directorate

of

Agricultural

Engineering

1 1 3 50

Total: 8 31 143 3188



o Agricultural machinery industry is engaged in manufacturing of tractors, agri. Implements, threshers, and planting machinery. The industry employed about:

Managers 675

Secretarial staff 623

Foreman / Supervisor 595

Engineers 245

Technicians / Helpers 8775

Total: 10,913



o About 527,195 tractors are in the country

o About 2500 tractor repairing workshops are in the country

o About 10,54,540 persons are employed as tractor operators, helpers and skilled laborers in tractor repairing workshops.



o Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) is responsible for registering the Engineers in Pakistan including the agricultural engineers.

o About 3737 registered agricultural engineers are in Pakistan.

o PEC also conducts exam to provide the certificate of professional engineers.



o Technicians are trained in different technical and vocational training schools.

o Tractor operators are trained in agricultural machinery training schools and in technical training centers.

o But majority of tractor operators and technicians are self couched by attaching themselves with the experienced one.



o University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

o University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar

o PMAS – University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi

o Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam

o Bahauddin Zakariya University College of Agriculture, Multan.

o College of Agricultural Engineering, Khairpur, Sindh



Sr. # University Faculty /

Department

Degree Programs

B.Sc.

Agricultural

Engineering

M.Sc. (Hons.)

Agricultural

Engineering

PhD

Agricultural

Engineering

1 University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad

Faculty of

Agricultural

Engineering and

Technology

217 70 12

2 PMAS - University of

Arid Agriculture,

Rawalpindi

Faculty of

Agricultural

Engineering and

Technology

51 12 7

3 Bahauddin Zakariya

University College of

Agriculture, Multan

Department of

Agricultural

Engineering 63 18 -



Sr. # University Faculty / Department

Degree Programs

B.Sc.

Agricultural

Engineering

M.Sc.

(Hons.)

Agricultural

Engineering

PhD

Agricultural

Engineering

4 Sindh Agriculture



Engineering 198 50 10

5 Khairpur College of

Agricultural Engineering

and Technology.

Affiliated with Sindh

Agriculture University,

Tandojam 60 - -

6 University of Engineering

and Technology, Peshawar

Department of

Agricultural

Engineering

36 15 5

Total: 625 165 34



Technical Education and Vocational Training Authorities

o Punjab Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) was formed through an ordinance (No xxiv of 1999) promulgated by Governor of the Punjab which has now been replaced by TEVTA Act x of 2010. Forty-six TEVTA Centers offered courses in Auto and Farm Machinery.




o Under the administrative control of TEVTA Punjab, a Center for Agricultural Machinery Industries is operational at Mian Channu. This center was established with technical and financial assistance of the Royal Netherland Government in 1992. It offered technical courses in different trades, and provide services related to common manufacturing facilities to agricultural machinery industry in the area.




Persons trained in TEVTA (Punjab) Centers from 2009 to 2015

COURSE 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total

Auto and Farm DAE

(36 M) 63 83 118 170 119 94 58 705

Auto and Farm (G-II)

(24M) 69 21 91 95 115 138 25 554

Auto and Farm

Machinery (G-III)

(24M) 67 105 103 125 80 85 9 574




o Sindh Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority were established to undertake and manage TEVTA institutions in the province

o There are 250 training centers being managed by Sindh TEVTA, but only one center at Khairpur is offering training courses in Auto and Farm Machinery with annual enrolment of 25 students.




o Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Technical Education and Vocational Training Agency (TEVTA) was established under the TEVTA ordinance XXXVIII of 2002. There are 100 training centers / technology colleges are being managed by this agency, but not even a single center is offering course related to Auto and Farm Machinery /Tractor Operators.



Sr. No. Area of Specialization Level of Training

Number to be Trained

1 Agricultural Engineering with specialization in precision Agriculture

PhD 10

2 Agricultural/Energy system engineering with specialization in wind, solar and biomass energy

PhD 15



Sr. No. Area of Specialization Level of Training

Number to be Trained

3 Agricultural/Food Engineering with specialization in post harvest processing and food Engineering

PhD 15

4 Agricultural Engineering with specialized in livestock Mechanization

PhD 5



Sr.No. Trade for Training Number to be Trained

1 Machinist 2000

2 Welder 2000

3 Welder (gas& other types) 1000

4 Fitter 1000

5 Jigs and Fixture designer 500

6 AutoCAD 100

7 Agricultural Machinery Operators 50,000



Country-wide schools does not exist for training of agricultural machinery operators. However, where schools exist, the resource poor people do not send their off springs for training because of limited resources in hand.

Untrained manpower is the major cause of the inefficient use of farm machines. Most operators of tractors, threshers, drills, and sprayers are self coached. Their knowledge about the use of these machines is very poor. There is legislation that tractor operator must get the driving license, but in rural areas this legislation is not being implemented.



Because of economic reasons, the resource poor people do not send their off springs in training centers, rather they prefer to attach them with any agricultural machinery manufacturing industry for training.

As there is no legislation to ensure quality of locally produced machines, therefore, agricultural machinery manufacturers do not bother to hire Professional Engineers and trained technicians at their premises.



There is no scholarship program for university graduates for higher education in agricultural mechanization in technological advanced countries.

There are no visit exchange programs for academicians, researchers, and agricultural machinery manufacturers even in the regional countries.



Scholarships may be provided to the students of various centers of technical education and vocational training authorities, who are engaged in providing training related to operation and maintenance of agricultural machinery.

A project can be initiated to train PhDs from agricultural research institutions in various disciplines of agricultural mechanization from the institutions of technologically advanced countries.

The man power of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering of various Universities may be trained from technologically advanced countries in the area of Precision agriculture, renewable energy, post-harvest processing and Food Engineering.



Training schools for agricultural machinery operators may be established at District level and scholarships may be provided to students of these schools during their training program. In addition, the existing schools may be strengthened.

Centers for Agricultural Machinery Industries may be established at District level (similar to already been established in Mian Channu) for:

o Training man power in different technical trades.

o Assisting local agricultural machinery industry in manufacturing critical parts of agricultural machinery and in providing heat treatment and other facilities.



Small scale on-farm value addition units in production catchments may be established for training of rural masses in various value added technologies.

Regional industrial visit programs may be arranged in order to enhance the knowhow of the small scale manufacturers of agricultural machinery industry.



Regional visit exchange programs may be arranged for academicians and researchers in regional countries in order to initiate cooperation in different fields of agricultural mechanization.

There is need to develop linkage among the universities, R&D institutions, and local manufacturing industry, in order to improve the quality of graduate engineers.

There is need for legislation to enforce local agricultural machinery manufacturers to hire qualified engineers and technicians.



There is need to train human resource in agricultural mechanization in fields such as precision agriculture, post harvest processing, on-farm value addition, and renewable energy resources.

There is need to review the performance of technical / schools and centers and necessary measures should be taken to increase their enrolment and quality of trainings.

There is need that an integrated approach may be adopted involving all stakeholders both at national and regional levels to improve the education at universities, technical and vocational colleges and training schools related to agricultural mechanization.



I am thankful to Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization for providing me opportunity to make this presentation at 3rd Regional Forum on Agricultural Mechanization in Asia and the Pacific at Manila December 9-11, 2015

3 regional forum on sustainable agricultural … · tractors tractor 18900 35714 157310 252861...

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