30 years callab pv cells at fraunhofer ise · solar cells – development and characterization sec...

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©Fraunhofer ISE / Photo: Guido Kirsch

30 YEARSCALLAB PV CELLS AT FRAUNHOFER ISE

Dr. Klaus HeidlerHeidler Training Moderation

1981-1997 Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

Founder of CalLab PV Cells in 1986

Intersolar 2016

Munich, June 22, 2016

www.ise.fraunhofer.de

© Fraunhofer ISE

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Contents

Reverence

Calibration Basics

Calibration Delicacies

Pioneer Stories

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REVERENCE

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41978 Prof. Goetzberger

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CALIBRATION BASICS

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Calibration Benefits

High precision benchmark and reproducibility for PV research, production, plant operation

Know how good you are

Save time – Know earlier if your are improving or not

Save money – 0,5 % are equivalent to 2 Mio Euro/year for a 100 MW plant

Increase trust in your promises – banks, customers, lawyers

=> Quality and confidence constantly grown during 30 years

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How to get the sun standardised?Standard Testing Conditions (STC, IEC 60904)

Spectral distribution AM1.5G

Temperature 25°C

Irradiance 1000 W/m²AM1.5g

Main sources of measurement uncertainty:

Spectral dependent values

Large areas

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 40000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Irrad

ianc

e[W

/(m²*

nm)]

Wavelength [nm]

AM1.5G Ed.2 (2008)

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Two Step Measurement ProcessCell Calibration

Short Circuit Current is spectrally selectiveand proportional to the irradiance.

Measurement of Spectral Response

Power at Standard Test Conditions

Measurement of I-V characteristic to determine efficiency

400 600 800 1000 12000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

SR

[(m

A*m

²)/W

]

Wavelength [nm]

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Cur

rent

[mA]

Voltage [mV]

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Measurement ProcessCell Calibration

SR

IV-Curve

JSC,

ISC,VOC,FF

Area

MM-corr

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Spectral Response Measurement on Large Cells Filter-Monochromator

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IV Measurements Class A Sun-Simulator

Class A Simulator (continuous)

Area: 6” (8”)

Stabilized Xenon Arc lamp

Monitoring System

AM1.5g, AM0, AM1.5 d

Using Spectral Mismatch Correction

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CALIBRATION DELICACIES

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New Cell Types

BCC (IBC, MWT,…)

New Geometry of Metallisation

Bifacial Solar Cells

Thin-film Solar Cells

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New Chuck for Bifacial Cells

Solar Cell

Chuck

200 400 600 800 1000 12000

10

20

30

40

50

60 black plastic foil brown anodized black anodized grey anodized

Ref

lect

ion

[%]

Wavelength [nm]

J. Hohl-Ebinger and W. Warta, Bifacial Solar Cells in STC Measurements. in Proceedings of the 25th EUPVSEC 2010. Valencia, Spain

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IV-Measurement Multi-Junction3-Source Simulator

tungsten lamp field 2

tun

gsten

lamp

field 1

xeno

n lam

p

multi-juncion solar cell400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

0500

1000150020002500

spec

tral i

rrad

ianc

e [W

/(m2

m)]

wavelength [nm]

xenon lamp

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000

200400600800

1000

wavelength [nm]


400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000

50100150200250

wavelength [nm]


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Calibration under Concentration: Single Source Flash Simulator

0 5 10 15 200.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

inte

nsity

[a.u

.]

time [ms]

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.00.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

plateau

inte

nsity

[a.u

.]

time [ms]

Up to 10000 suns

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New EQE calibration facility at Fraunhofer ISE1

WL-Range: 250-2500 nm

Enhanced spectral range

Enhanced spectral power

Smaller bandwidths

Improved uniformity

Higher measurement signal

Enabling further, new measurement concepts?

New EQE Measurement SetupMonochromatic Radiation – Novel Laser-EQE Setup

1 Mundus et al., in EUPVSEC Proceedings, 2014

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Outdoor Test Set-Up in FreiburgCharacterization of Concentrator Modules

IV measurement of up to 20 modules

Simultaneous recording of all relevant meteorological data

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PIONEER STORIES

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201979 Fraunhofer IAF, outdoor test standfrom left: Wittwer, Lautenschlager, Zastrow, Brucker, Heidler

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1978 Low Precision Solar Sensor

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Director Prof. Eicke R. Weber

Deputy DirectorsDr. Andreas Bett, Prof. Hans-Martin Henning

Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems CSE Boston, USA

Prof. Eicke Weber

Press and Public RelationsKarin Schneider M.A.

Solar Cells – Development and Characterization SECProf. Stefan Glunz

Photovoltaic Modules, Systems and Reliability PMZDr. Harry Wirth

PV Production Technology and Quality Assurance PTQDr. Ralf Preu

Hydrogen Technologies H2TDr. Christopher Hebling

Thermal Systems and Buildings TAGProf. Hans-Martin Henning

Electrical Energy Systems EES

Dr. Günther Ebert

Solar Thermal and Optics STO

Dr. Werner Platzer

Fraunhofer ISEOrganizational Structure

Status: March 2016

Materials – Solar Cells and Technologies MSTDr. Andreas Bett

Fraunhofer Center for

Silicon Photovoltaics CSP-LKT Halle/Saale

Prof. Peter Dold

Technology Center for Semiconductor Materials THM Freiberg

Dr. Andreas Bett

Laboratory and ServicecenterLSC GelsenkirchenDr. Dietmar Borchert

Scientific Technical CouncilProf. Bruno Burger

Board of Trustees

Business Administration Dr. Sonja Reidel

Facility ManagementJochen Vetter

30 years callab pv cells at fraunhofer ise · solar cells – development and characterization sec...

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