30407123 solar energy and applications ppt

8/2/2019 30407123 Solar Energy and Applications Ppt

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SOLAR ENERGY &

ITS APPLICATIONS By

D . Srinivas

M . Tech (ES)

11011D1013

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INTRODUCTION

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• Solar energy is in the form of the light and heat.

• About 30% of total energy received by the earth is reflected back

towards the space. Remaining energy is absorbed by the clouds, oceans and land masses.

• The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is sovast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained

from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural

gas, and mined uranium combined.

•Solar energy is the primary energy source among all of the

renewable source like wave energy, hydro-electricity, wind energy,

biomass etc.



CLASSIFICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY

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Solar energy

Active solar energy

• Itinclude the use of

photovoltaic panels and solar

thermal collectors to harness the

energy.

Passive solar energy

• It include orienting a

building to the Sun,

selecting materials with

favorable thermal mass or

light dispersing properties,and designing spaces that

naturally circulate air.



SOLAR THERMAL

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SOLAR WATER HEATER

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• Solar water heater uses solar

collector panel to transfer the heatenergy of sun light to the water.

• The unit uses convection (movement

of hot water upward) to move the

water from collector to tank. Neitherpumps nor electricity are used to

enforce circulation.

• Material uses into the fabrication of

tank is insulator for heat so heat of thehot water can not transfer to the

surrounding enviornment and hence

water can be keep hot for long time.



SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION

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• Solar water disinfection, also known as

SODIS is a method of disinfecting waterusing only sunlight and plastic PET

(PolyEthylene Terephthalate) bottles.

• SODIS is a free and effective method for

decentralized water treatment, usuallyapplied at the household level and is

recommended by the World Health

Organization (WHO) as a viable method for

it.

• UV-A rays from the sun destroys cell

structures of bacteria.

• UV-A reacts with oxygen dissolved in the

water and produces highly reactive forms

of oxygen that are believed to also damage

pathogens.



SOLAR COOKER

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• Principle : Sunlight is converted to heat

energy that is use for cooking purpose. Thisis done as follows:

─ Concentrating sunlight. ─ Converting light to heat. ─ Trapping heat ─

Plastic Sheet

1. Box cooker 2. Panel cooker 3. Parabolic dish



SOLAR POWER

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PHOTOVOLTAIC

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• Principle : Some materials release

electrons when hit with rays of light,which produces an electrical current.

• This effect was discovered by

Alexander-Edmond Becquerel. The

first solar cell was constructed byCharles Fritts in the 1880.

• There are at least fourteen types of

photovoltaic cells, such as thin film,

mono crystalline silicon,

polycrystalline silicon, and

amorphous cells, as well as multiple

types of concentrating solar power.

• Efficiency is about 4.5% - 6% for

silicon type of photovoltaic cells.

Fig : Unit solar cell

Fig : 11 MW Serpa solar

power plant in Portugal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SolarPowerPlantSerpa.jpg



CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS

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•

Concentrated solar power systems are divided into :

concentrated solar thermal (CST)

concentrated photovoltaic (CPV)

concentrating photovoltaic and thermal (CPT)

• Principle : Concentrate the sunlight at particular point to convert

that energy into another form of energy.



CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL (CST)

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•Concentrated solar thermal (CST) is used

to produce renewable heat.

• CST systems use parabolic lenses or

mirrors and tracking systems to focus a

large area of sunlight onto a small area.

• Each concentration method is capable

of producing high temperatures and

correspondingly high thermodynamic

efficiencies

•They vary in the way that they track the

Sun and focus light.

• Solar thermal is more efficient method

to produce heat.




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Fig : Using Flat mirror reflector. (Courtesy of www.visualdictionaryonline.com)




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Fig : Using parabolic reflector. (Courtesy of www.visualdictionaryonline.com)




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Fig : Combination of previous both method



CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (CPV)

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• Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems employ sunlight

concentrated onto photovoltaic surfaces for the purpose of electricalpower production.

• Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems classified as follows:

Low concentration CPV (concentration of 2-100 suns)

Medium concentration CPV (concentration of 100-300 suns)

High concentration (concentration of 300 or more suns)

• Concentration method using solar collector is cheaper then solarcell,as solar cell is costlier than solar collector.

• Electricity cost for solar collector is about Rs.138/watt.

•Electricity cost for solar cell is about Rs.138-235/watt.



SOLAR CHIMNEY POWER PLANT

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• Principle : It uses the principle of

solar energy & wind energy both. Italso use the principle of green

house effect.

• It has a high chimney. (Height

around 1000 meter.)

• This is surrounded by a large

collector roof made from glass or

resistive plastic supported on a

framework.(Diameter in order of

130 meter.)

• In the center of the chimney there

is a wind turbine, which generate

electricity using wind velocity which

is due to the solar Energy.



VENT CHIMNEY

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GREEN HOUSE & AGRICULTURE

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• Agriculture seek to optimize the

capture of solar energy in order tooptimize the productivity of plants.

• Greenhouses convert solar light to

heat, enabling year-round production

and the growth (in enclosedenvironments) of specialty crops and

other plants not naturally suited to the

local climate.

Fig : courtesy of

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki



REFERENCES

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• www.daviddarling.info/images/solar_chimney_po

• http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg

• www.sxlist.com/techref/other/solar/chimpower.htm

• http://www.solarcookers.org/basics/how.html

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/solar_chimney_po

http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg

http://www.sxlist.com/techref/other/solar/chimpower.htm

http://www.solarcookers.org/basics/how.html

http://www.solarcookers.org/basics/how.html

http://www.sxlist.com/techref/other/solar/chimpower.htm

http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/solar_chimney_po



THANK YOU

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30407123 solar energy and applications ppt

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