3.1 organ systems page 164-165. cells there are over 300 different kinds of cells in the human body
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3.1 Organ Systems
Page 164-165
Cells
• There are over 300 different kinds of cells in the human body www.nature.com
Cell specialization
1. The contents of the cytoplasmnature.com
Cell specialization
2. Environmental conditions:-temperature-nutrients present/absent dogs-cats.wikia.com
Cell Specialization
3. The influence of neighbouring cellswww.pnas.org
Abnormal cells
• Due to environmental toxins
en.wikipedia.org
Tissues
• There are four kinds of tissues in the human body.
Tissue type #1: epithelial
• Covering protects our organs• Lines body cavities• Covers the surface of the body• Forms a barrier
epithelial
1. Skin epithelia: thin, flat cells form sheets, semi-permeable barrier
2. Columnal epithelia: columns of cells, secrete mucus, cilia, absorb materials
Tissue type #2: Connective
• Provides strength, support, protects, binds, or connects tissues
• Holds various parts of the body together• Examples: cartilage, bone, fat, blood
bone
• Calcium-hardened tissue surrounds cells
www. educationportal.com
Fat (adipose tissue)
• Large, tightly packed cells• Found under skin and around organs• Energy storage, padding and insulation
Kentsimmons.uwinnepeg.ca
Blood
• Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
• Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, chemicals, immune system
• Clots when the skin is cut
Tissue type #3: Muscle
• Sheets or bundles of muscle cells that contract to provide movement.
• Examples: smooth, cardiac, striated
Skeletal muscle
• Striated• Attaches to bone• Limbs, lower back
www.siumed.edu
Smooth muscle
• Tapered at ends• Blood vessel linings and lining internal organs• Slow, sustained contractions
kidsbrittanica.com
Cardiac Muscle
• Found in the heart
britannica.com
Tissue type #4: Nervous
• Provides communication between all body structures.
Nervous tissue
• Finger-like projections• Receive stimulus, send to brain/spinal cord,
triggers response in muscle/gland
Stem cells
• An unspecialized cell that can produce a variety of specialized cells
extremetech.com
Totipotent
• Embryonic cells can become any kind of cell
Pluripotent
• As the embryo develops the stem cells are able to give rise to less types of cells
Adult stem cells
• Produce only specific types of cellsSkin cells repair skin.
Organs
• Composed of different types of tissues that work together to carry out particular functions.
• Examples include heart, stomach, kidneys
3.2 Organs and Systems
Medical Imaging TechnologyX-rays• For hard tissue such as bone
bassendeanwellness.com
X-ray machine
• Lead blanket to protect the organs
CT or CAT scan
• 3-D x-rays• Heart Brain
CAT scan
Ultrasound
• High frequency sound waves• Real-time• Watching organ function
Ultrasound machine
• Cold jelly is applied to the body.
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
• Radio signals in a magnetic field• Bleeding of the brain in a stroke
MRI
• No metal!
Endoscopy
• Tiny camera, light, surgical instruments attached to a flexible tube
Organ System
• Organs working together with other organs with related functions or structures.
• Examples: circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system
Digestive system
• Performs the physical and chemical break-down of food
Circulatory system
• Transportation of nutrients, gases, and wastes, defense against infection.
Respiratory System
• Gas exchange
Reproductive
• Sexual reproduction
Excretory
• Removal of wastes
Muscular system
• Movement of body or body part
endocrine
• Coordination and chemical regulation of body activities.
nervous
• Response to environment, control of body activities.
Skeletal system
• 206 bones
Integumentary system
• Skin etc.