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ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 3734 (2): 130–140

www.mapress.com/zootaxa/Article

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.2

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5140FAE7-0EF2-46B6-8B22-4E95810FBE49

Two new species of Centruroides Marx 1890 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

from Oaxaca, Mexico

CARLOS E. SANTIBÁÑEZ-LÓPEZ1,2* & GERARDO A. CONTRERAS-FÉLIX1,2

1Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Dis-

trito Federal, México2Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Instituto de Biología, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán A.P. 70-233,

Distrito Federal, C.P. 04510, México

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Centruroides franckei, n. sp. and Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp. are described from Oaxaca, Mexico. These species belong to the “striped” group within the genus. Thirteen species of the genus are reported for the state, six of them belonging to the “striped” group (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup). Both new species are compared to their most morphological similar species. A map with the six “striped” (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup) species in the state is also provided.

Key words: Scorpions, diversity, Buthidae, Centruroides, “striped” group

Resumen

Centruroides franckei, n. sp. and Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp. son descritas del estado de Oaxaca, México. Estas especies pertenecen al grupo de los “rayados” dentro del género. Trece especies del género son reportadas para este estado, seis de ellas pertenecientes al grupo de los “rayados” (subgrupo infamatus-nigrovariatus). Ambas especies nuevas son comparadas con las morfológicamente más similares. Se incluye también un mapa con la distribución de las seis especies “rayadas” (subgrupo infamatus-nigrovariatus) en el estado.

Introduction

The genus Centruroides Marx, 1890 contains nearly 80 species (Rein, 2012; Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011a, b), and for Mexico 36 species are reported (Armas et al., 2003; Francke, 2010; Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011a, b). Traditionally, since Hoffmann (1932), the genus has been divided into several groups (recently summarized in Ponce-Saavedra & Francke, 2011a, b): a) gracilis group, which includes species with a uniform mesosomal coloration (no striped longitudinal bands present), and with the pedipalp chela fingers with nine rows of denticles; b) bertholdii group, which differs from the gracilis group only in the possession of eight rows instead of nine; c) thorelli group, which includes small species, with a spotted body coloration, and arboreal ecomorphotype (sensu

Prendini, 2001); and d) the “striped” group, which includes species with two dark longitudinal bands along the mesosoma, and one yellow band between them. This last group was also subdivided into two, characterized by the presence of four dark longitudinal bands on the carapace, or with a diffuse pattern. The monophyly of these groups has not been tested by molecular or morphological analysis. However, the recognition of three groups based on coloration is still practical but the characterization of the bertholdii group needs to be revised.

Eleven species of the genus Centruroides were reported by Santibáñez-López & Ponce-Saavedra (2009) for Oaxaca, Mexico. Five belong to the gracilis group and six to the “striped” group (see their table 1). In the present contribution, two new species belonging to the “striped” group (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup sensu

Santibáñez-López & Ponce-Saavedra, 2009) are described. Centruroides franckei, n. sp., from the southern mountain range of Oaxaca, and Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp., from the Mixteca region.

130 Accepted by Lorenzo Prendini: 9 Oct. 2013; published: 5 Nov. 2013


Methods

Nomenclature and measurements follow Stahnke (1970), except for trichobothria (Vachon, 1974; 1975), carination of the metasoma (Francke, 1977), pedipalps (Prendini, 2000), and carapace surfaces (Prendini et al., 2003). Observations were made using a Nikon SMZ-800 stereomicroscope. Measurements, given in millimeters, were obtained with an ocular micrometer calibrated at 10X. Digital images were taken under visible light with a Nikon SMZ-800 stereomicroscope equipped with Nikon Coolpix S10 VR camera attachment. The focal planes of image stacks were fused with CombineZM (Hadley, 2008) and composite images edited with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Distribution maps were generated in ArcView Ver. 3.2 (ESRI), using the locality coordinates, a base map from CONABIO (2011) digital database, and a digital elevation model from the CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information (Jarvis et al., 2008). Abbreviations for depositories: AMNH—American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; CNAN—Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF, México.

Taxonomy

Family Buthidae C.L. Koch 1837

Genus Centruroides Marx 1890

Centruroides franckei n. sp.

(Figs. 1A–B, 2A–B, 3A–B, 4A–B, E–F, 5, 7)

TYPE MATERIAL. MEXICO. OAXACA: DISTRITO DE JUQUILA. Holotype ♂ (CNAN-T0783), San Pedro Juchatengo 16°21.824’N 97°06.584’W, 845 m, 27.June.2006, O. Francke, G. Villegas, H. Montaño, C. Santibáñez and A. Valdez. Paratypes: 6 ♂, 1 ♀ (CNAN-T0784), 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH), same data as holotype.

ETYMOLOGY. This species is dedicated to Oscar Francke for his contributions to Mexican arachnology and for all his guidance through all these years.

DIAGNOSIS. The following character combination is diagnostic for C. franckei, n. sp. Total length (adults) 36–40 mm. Base coloration (adults) yellow to orange yellowish. Pedipalp yellow to brownish orange, weakly infuscated. Pectinal tooth count, 19–21 (♂, n=9, mode= 19) or 18–19 (♀, n=2, mode=19), pedipalp movable finger inner accessory denticle count 23–28 (mode= 24, +/– std= 1.53), movable finger outer accessory denticle count 25–31 (mode= 26, +/– std= 1.7). Subaculear tooth strong, conical, tip pointing towards the middle of the aculeus. Metasomal segment V length:width ratio, mean= 2.84 (♂), mean= 2.10 (♀), segment V width:height ratio, mean= 1.07 (♂), mean= 1.09 (♀). Vesicle width: metasomal segment V width ratio, mean= 0.84 (♂), mean= 0.73 (♀).

Centruroides franckei, n. sp., is most similar to Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996, and Centruroides

nigrovariatus (Pocock, 1898) on the basis of similar pectinal tooth count and the presence of the subaculear tooth. However, they can be distinguished as follows. C. franckei, n. sp. is a small-sized species (adults 36–40 mm), while C. nigrovariatus (adults 40–46 mm) and C. hoffmanni (adults 42–46 mm) are medium-sized species. Metasomal carination is strongly infuscated in C. hoffmanni, and weakly infuscated in C. franckei and in C. nigrovariatus. Telson vesicle ventral surface is moderately to strongly infuscated in C. hoffmanni, weakly to moderately in C.

nigrovariatus, and weakly infuscated in C. franckei, n. sp. The subaculear tooth is weakly developed in C.

nigrovariatus, and it is strongly developed in C. hoffmanni and C. franckei, n. sp. The pedipalp movable finger inner accessory denticle count in C. hoffmanni is higher (n= 10, mode=30, +/– std= 1.2) than in C. nigrovariatus

(n= 8, mode= 27, +/– std= 1.2) and in C. franckei, n. sp. (n= 21, mode= 24, +/– std= 1.5).DESCRIPTION. Based on holotype ♂ (Fig. 5A–B) and paratype ♀ (Fig. 5C–D) with differences in paratype ♀

noted. Measurements in table 1.Coloration. Carapace yellow to orange, weakly infuscated. Coxosternum pale yellow to orange. Pedipalps

yellow to brownish orange, weakly infuscated on the dorsal and external intercarinal surfaces, not infuscated on ventral intercarinal surface. Legs pale yellow to orange, uniformly infuscated. Mesosoma yellowish orange to brown, with two longitudinal bands along the tergites formed by dark marks on the post- tergites only (Fig. 5). Metasoma yellowish orange; carina weakly infuscate, dusky markings present only on ventral intercarinal surfaces of all segments. Telson yellow to orange.

Zootaxa 3734 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 131TWO NEW SPECIES OF CENTRUROIDES


Carapace. Anterior margin moderately granular, straight to weakly emarginated. Carapacial anterior median and central median carinae conspicuous, indicated by small granules, superciliary carina moderate, indicated by small to large granules, other carinae indistinct (Fig. 1A–B).

FIGURE 1. Carapace dorsal aspect. A. Centruroides franckei, n. sp., Holotype ♂. B. Paratype ♀. C. Centruroides

rodolfoi, n. sp., Holotype ♂. D. Paratype ♀. Scale bars= 2 mm.

FIGURE 2. Dextral pedipalp chela, dorsoexternal aspect. A. Centruroides franckei, n. sp., Holotype ♂. B. Paratype ♀. C. Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp., Holotype ♂. D. Paratype ♀. Scale bars= 3 mm.

FIGURE 3. Sternum, genital operculum and pectines, ventral aspect. A. Centruroides franckei, n. sp., Holotype ♂. B. Paratype ♀. C. Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp., Holotype ♂. D. Paratype ♀. Scale bars= 1 mm.

SANTIBÁÑEZ-LÓPEZ & CONTRERAS-FÉLIX132 · Zootaxa 3734 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press


FIGURE 4. Metasomal segment V and telson, dorsal (A, B, C, D) and lateral (E, F, G, H) aspect. A, D Centruroides

franckei, n. sp., Holotype ♂. B, F. Paratype ♀. C, G. Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp., Holotype ♂. D, H. Paratype ♀. Scale bars= 5 mm.



TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of type specimens of Centruroides franckei, n. sp

Pedipalps. Orthobothriotaxic Type A, femur with alpha configuration of dorsal trichobothria. Femur. External intercarinal surface, with large granules, all other intercarinal surfaces minutely granular.

Dorsointernal, dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae strongly developed, granular; ventroexternal carina moderately developed, granular; ventrointernal carina moderate to weak, sparsely granular.

Patella. Internal intercarinal surface with few large conical granules; dorsal, external and ventral intercarinal surfaces minutely granular. Dorsointernal carina moderately developed, sparsely granular; dorsomedial and dorsoexternal carinae moderately to weakly developed, weakly crenulate to granular; ventrointernal carina weakly developed, minutely granular.

Chela manus (Fig. 2A–B). Slender; intercarinal surfaces minutely granular to smooth, dorsomarginal carina weak to moderately developed, minutely granular; dorsal secondary carina weakly to moderately developed, granular; digital carina weakly developed, granular; other carinae weakly developed to obsolete. Pedipalp fixed fingers with eight oblique rows of denticles, flanked by 24/23 (right/left, ♂), 25/25 (right/left, ♀) internal accessory denticles, and 26/25 (right/left, ♂), 30/27 (right/left, ♀) external accessory denticles; pedipalp movable finger with eight oblique rows of denticles, flanked by 26/27 (right/left, ♂), 26/25 (right/left, ♀) internal accessory denticles, and 26/27 (right/left, ♂), 31/28 (right/left, ♀) external accessory denticles.

Centruroides franckei n. sp.

Holotype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype

♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂

Total length 40.1 40.2 38.1 35.9 39.7 39 39.8 36 34.8 36.6 37.5

Carapace length 3.8 4.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8

width 2.3 2.8 2.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.8 2 2 2.1 2.1

Femur length 4.3 4.4 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.8

width 1 1.3 1 1 2.1 1 1.2 0.9 0.9 1 1

height 0.8 1 0.7 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Patella length 4.9 5 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.9 4 4 4 4.4

width 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4 3.2 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

height 1.2 1.5 1.1 1 2.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1 1.1 1.1

Chela length 3.3 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3 3 3 3.2

width 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

height 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5

Movable finger

length 4 5 3.8 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4

Fixed finger

length 3.5 4.1 2.8 3.9 4 3.8 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.2

Mesosoma length 10.8 12.1 10.9 9.5 10.8 10.6 12.9 9.9 9.8 10.1 11.2

Segment I length 3.1 3 2.9 2.9 3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8

Segment II length 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.5 4.2 3.3 3.4 3.6

Segment III length 4.4 4 4.1 3.8 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.7 4 4.2

Segment IV length 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.5 3.9 4 3.9 4.2 4.2

Segment V length 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.3 5 4.9 4.7 5.2 5.5

width 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.8 2 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9

height 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8

Metasoma length 21.6 19.9 20.1 19.5 21.4 20.9 19.2 19.5 18.2 19.6 20.3

Telson length 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.2

Aculeus length 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 X

Vesicle length 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2 2 2.1 2.1 2.2

width 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

height 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3



FIGURE 5. Centruroides franckei, n. sp., habitus dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspect. A, B Holotype ♂. C, D Paratype ♀. Scale bars= 5 mm.



Pectines. Pectinal basal piece 1.84 wider than long (♂), 1.82 (♀); posterior margin slightly concave to straight (♂), slightly rounded (♀). Pectinal tooth count 20–21 (♂), 19–18 (♀) (Fig. 3A–B).

Mesosoma. Tergites I–IV, pre-tergites minutely granular, post-tergites densely granular; tergal median carina on I–VI weakly to moderately developed, granular. Tergite VII granular; VII median carina moderately developed, granular; submedian carinae moderately developed, granular; lateral carinae moderately developed, granular. Sternites smooth; VII submedian carinae weakly developed, granular; lateral carinae weakly to moderately developed, granular.

Metasoma. All intercarinal surfaces smooth to minutely granular. Segments I–IV, dorsolateral carinae moderately developed, granular to serrate on I–III, weakly developed, granular on IV; lateral supramedian carinae moderately developed, granular to slightly serrate on I–III, weakly developed, granular on IV; lateral inframedian carinae moderately developed, granular on I, obsolete on II–IV; ventrolateral carinae moderately developed, granular to slightly serrate; ventrosubmedian carinae moderately developed, granular to serrate. Segment V length:width ratio, 2.95 (♂), 2.13 (♀); dorsolateral carina weakly developed to obsolete, smooth to granular; ventrolateral carina weakly developed, granular; ventromedian carina weakly developed to vestigial, slightly granular to smooth (Fig. 4A–B, E–F).

Telson. Vesicle slender and long in (#m), oval in (#f). Subaculear tooth strong, conical, its tip pointing towards the middle of aculeus; all surfaces smooth (Fig. 4A–B, E–F).

Legs. Very long and slender; telotarsi with ventral surface densely covered by fine setae.DISTRIBUTION. Centruorides franckei, n. sp. is recorded only from type locality in the southern mountain range

in Oaxaca (Fig. 7).ECOLOGY. This species was collected with the aid of UV light at night, roaming on the surface. The area where

this species was collected was heavily disturbed, but there were remnants of dry tropical deciduous forest. The habitat and the habitus of Centruroides franckei, n. sp. are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001).

Centruroides rodolfoi n. sp.

(Figs. 1C–D, 2C–D, 3C–D, 4C–D, G–H, 6, 7)

TYPE MATERIAL. MEXICO. OAXACA. DISTRITO DE TLAXIACO. Holotype ♂ (CNAN-T0785), 2 km NE Guadalupe Hidalgo, federal road 125, N Tlaxiaco 17°21.0804’N 97°37.7826’W, 2399 m, 13.September.2010, O. Francke, D. Barrales, J. Cruz and A. Valdez. Paratypes: 3 ♂, 2♀ (CNAN-T0786) and 2 ♂, 2♀ (AMNH), same data as holotype.

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is dedicated to Rodolfo (Spanish word for Rudolph, the red-nose reindeer), which brings hope, peace and joy in holidays.

DIAGNOSIS. The following character combination is diagnostic for C. rodolfoi, n. sp. Total length (adults) 45–52 mm. Base coloration (adults) yellow to yellowish brown. Pedipalp yellow to yellowish brown, with dense dusky markings on dorsal and external intercarinal surfaces. Pectinal tooth count 18–20 (♂, n=6, mode= 19) or 17–18 (♀, n=4, mode 17), pedipalp movable finger inner accessory denticles count 25–28 (mode= 27, +/– std= 0.9), movable finger outer accessory denticles count 25–29 (mode= 28, +/– std= 1.1). Subaculear tooth absent. Metasomal segment V length:width ratio, mean= 2.18 (♂), segment V width:height ratio, mean= 1.16 (♂). Vesicle width: metasomal segment V width ratio, mean= 0.69 (♂).

Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp., is most similar to Centruroides serrano Santibáñez-López & Ponce-Saavedra 2009 on the basis of similar vesicle shape (♂), and similar metasomal segment V width:height ratio (♂); to Centruroides orizaba Armas & Martín-Frías, 2003 on similar pectinal tooth counts and adult size, and to Centruroides baergi Hoffmann, 1932 on the basis of the development of the subaculear tooth (obsolete in both species). But it can be distinguished from them as follows. C. rodolfoi, n. sp., is a relatively medium-sized species (adults 43–48 mm), while adults of C. serrano are bigger (51–59 mm). Pectinal tooth count in C. rodolfoi, n. sp., is lower (♂, 18–20, mode= 19) than in C. serrano (♂, 23–27, mode= 24). Pedipalp movable finger inner accessory denticles count is higher in C. serrano (34–44, mode= 37, +/– std= 4.2) than in C. rodolfoi, n. sp. (25–28, mode= 28, +/– std= 1.1). The subaculear tooth is present and strongly developed, conical in C. serrano, weakly developed in adults, and strongly developed in juveniles of C. orizaba (see Martín-Frías et al., 2007), and it is absent in C. rodolfoi, n. sp.



FIGURE 6. Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp., habitus dorsal (A) and ventral (B) aspect. Holotype ♂. C, D Paratype ♀. Scale bars= 5 mm.



Metasomal segment V is longer and slender in C. baergi (Segment V length:width ratio mean= 3.43, ♂; Segment V width:height ratio mean= 0.93, ♂), and wider and higher in C. rodolfoi, n. sp. (Segment V length:width ratio mean= 2.18, ♂; Segment V width:height ratio mean= 1.16, ♂). Pectinal tooth count is slightly higher in C. baergi

(21–23, mode= 23, ♂) than in C. rodolfoi, n. sp. (18–20, mode= 19, ♂). Pedipalp movable finger outer denticles count is higher in C. baergi (31–38, mode= 36, +/– std= 2.5) than in C. rodolfoi, n. sp. (25–29, mode= 28, +/– std= 1.1).

DESCRIPTION. Based on holotype ♂ and paratype ♀ (Fig. 6A–B) with differences in paratype ♀ (Fig. 6C–D) noted. Measurements in table 2.

Coloration. Carapace yellow to brown with dense dusky markings. Coxosternum pale yellow. Pedipalps yellow to yellowish brown, with dense dusky markings on the dorsal and external intercarinal surfaces, without them on ventral intercarinal surfaces. Legs pale yellow, uniformly infuscate. Mesosoma yellow, with two longitudinal bands on the tergites formed by dark marks on the pre- and post- tergites (Fig. 6). Metasoma pale yellow to orange; carinae weakly infuscate, dusky markings present only on ventral intercarinal surfaces of all segments. Telson yellow to orange.

Carapace. Anterior margin minutely granular, straight to weakly emarginated. Carapacial anterior median and central median carinae conspicuous, indicated by small granules, superciliary carina moderate, indicated by small to large granules (Fig. 1C–D).

Pedipalps. Orthobothriotaxic Type A, femur with alpha configuration of dorsal trichobothria. Femur. Intercarinal surfaces smooth. Dorsointernal, dorsoexternal and ventroexternal carinae strongly

developed, serrate to granular; ventrointernal carina moderate to weak, sparsely granular. Patella. Internal intercarinal surface with large conical granules; dorsal, external and ventral intercarinal

surfaces smooth. Dorsointernal carina moderately developed, sparsely serrate; dorsomedial and dorsoexternal carinae moderately to weakly developed, weakly crenulate to smooth; ventroexternal carina moderately developed, granular; ventrointernal carina weakly developed, minutely granular.

Chela manus (Fig. 2 C–D). Slender; intercarinal surfaces minutely granular; dorsomarginal carina weak to moderately developed, minutely granular; dorsal secondary carina weakly to moderately developed, granular; digital carina weakly developed, granular; ventroexternal carina weakly to moderately developed, granular; other carinae weakly developed to obsolete. Pedipalp fixed fingers with eight oblique rows of denticles (with one short row at the tip), flanked by 22/23 (right/left, ♂), 23/24 (right/left, ♀) internal accessory denticles, and 25/27 (right/left, ♂), 26/27 (right/left, ♀) external accessory denticles; pedipalp movable finger with eight oblique rows of denticles (with one short row at the tip), flanked by 28/27 (right/left, ♂), 26/28 (right/left, ♀) internal accessory denticles, and 28/28 (right/left, ♂), 28/30 (right/left, ♀) external accessory denticles.

Pectines. Pectinal basal piece 2.14 wider than long, 2.8 (♀); posterior margin straight (♂, ♀). Pectinal tooth count 20–20 (♂), 17–17 (♀) (Fig. 3C–D).

FIGURE 7. Species of the “striped” group (infamatus-nigrovariatus subgroup), known records in Oaxaca. Centruroides

baergi Hoffmann, 1932 (circles); Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996 (squares); Centruroides nigrovariatus (Pocock, 1898) (triangles); Centruroides serrano Santibáñez-López & Ponce-Saavedra, 2009 (stars); Centruroides franckei, n. sp. (cross); Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp. (asterisks).



TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) of type specimens of Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp.

Mesosoma. Tergites I–IV, pre-tergites smooth to minutely granular, post-tergites granular. Tergite VII granular; median carina moderately developed, granular; submedian carinae moderately developed, granular; lateral carinae moderately developed, granular to slightly serrate. Sternites smooth; VII with submedian carinae weakly developed, slightly granular; lateral carinae moderately developed, granular to slightly serrate.

Metasoma. All intercarinal surfaces smooth to shagreened. Segments I–IV, dorsolateral carinae moderately developed, granular; lateral supramedian carinae moderately developed, granular to slightly serrate; lateral inframedian carinae moderately developed, granular on I, weakly developed to faint, smooth on II–IV; ventrolateral carinae moderately developed, granular to slightly serrate; ventrosubmedian carinae moderately developed, granular to crenulate. Segment V length:width ratio, 1.93 (♂), 1.88 (♀); dorsolateral carina weakly developed, sparsely granular; ventrolateral carina moderately developed, granular; ventromedian carina weakly developed to vestigial, slightly granular to serrated (Fig. 4C–D. G–H).

Telson. Vesicle oval; subaculear tooth obsolete, all surfaces smooth (Fig. 4C–D, G–H).Legs. Very long and slender; telotarsi with ventral surface covered by fine setae.DISTRIBUTION. Centruorides rodolfoi, n. sp. is recorded only from the type locality (Fig. 7).ECOLOGY. This species was collected with the aid of UV light at night, and turning rocks and logs during the

day. The dominant vegetation where the species was collected is pine forest. The habitat and the habitus of Centruroides rodolfoi, n. sp. are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001).

Centruroides rodolfoi n. sp.

Holotype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype Paratype

♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♀ ♀ ♀

Total length 47.2 52.1 40.4 48.7 43.7 46 42.6 42.6 42.8 37.8

Carapace length 4.5 4.6 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.4

width 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.5

Femur length 4.9 4.9 4.2 5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.7 3.8

width 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1

height 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Patella length 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.4 5 5.2 5 5 5.1 4.5

width 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.7

height 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

Chela length 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.1

width 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7

height 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5

Movable finger

length 4.9 5.2 4.2 5.2 5 5 5 5.2 5.2 4.6

Fixed finger length 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 3.8

Mesosoma length 14.6 16 12.6 14.8 14.2 14.8 14.9 15.2 14.8 13.3

Segment I length 4 4.4 3 4.1 3.1 3.7 3.1 3 3 2.4

Segment II length 4.8 5.2 4 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.1

Segment III length 4.8 5.4 4.2 5.2 4.7 5 4 3.9 4 3.5

Segment IV length 5 5.6 4.4 5.3 4.8 5 4 4 4.1 3.6

Segment V length 5.6 6.1 5.1 6 5.2 5.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.4

width 2.9 3 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.3

height 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.1

Metasoma length 24.2 26.7 20.7 25.3 22 23.4 19.6 19.4 19.8 17

Telson length 3.9 4.8 3.2 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1

Aculeus length 1.1 1.8 1 1.2 0.9 1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2

Vesicle length 2.8 3 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.9

width 1.8 1.9 1.6 2 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6

height 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5



Acknowledgements

We would like to thank to Dr. Oscar Francke for all his support through these years. To Gabriel Villegas, Hector Montaño, Jesus Cruz, Diego Barrales, and Alejandro Valdez for their help during collecting trips. We would like to thank also to the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) for financial supporting our graduate studies. Fieldwork in Mexico was conducted under scientific permit FAUT-0175 from Semarnat to O.F. Francke, and partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant DEB 0413453 to L. Prendini and a grant from the Instituto Bioclon to O.F. Francke.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is02016

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