3g architecture handout new

1 © NOKIA Kittipong Thamapa

3G/UMTS3G/UMTSNetwork ArchitectureNetwork Architecture


Module topics

• Introduction to 3G/UMTS architecture

• 3G mobile terminals

• Radio access network (RAN)

• 3G core network (CN)

• 3G/UMTS network management solutions (OSS)

• 3G architecure for Rel4 & 5

• Review questions


ObjectivesAfter completing this module the student will be able to:

• Identify and list the network subsystems of Release 3 and explain the main motives for moving to IP architecture

• Identify and list the requirements of 3G/UMTS mobile terminals• List and identify the NEs used within the RAN/CN, in terms of

the name and function

• Identify the main functions of RNC (RRM)• Identify the main differences between Rel 3 and Rel 4/5


Release 3 ('99) architecture

FiberFiber

AXC

ATM Access

RANRAN Mobility CoreMobility Core

2GSGSN GGSN

Application PlatformsApplication Platforms

Internet GatewayMultimedia Messaging

e-mailGame platform

Charging/BillingCenter

Nokia Charging Gateway

BSC

HLR

NMS

Internet

PSTN

GSM BTS

TripleMode BTS

WCDMA BTS

TDM Access

3GMSC

RNC3G

SGSN


Release 4 architecture

FiberFiber

AXC

ATM Access

RANRAN Mobility CoreMobility Core

2GSGSN

3GSGSN GGSN

Application PlatformsApplication Platforms

Internet GatewayMultimedia Messaging

e-mailGame platform

Charging/BillingCenter

Nokia Charging Gateway

RNC

BSC

HLR

NMS

Internet

PSTN

GSM BTS

TripleMode BTS

WCDMA BTS

TDM Access

IP/ATM

Network MGW

MGW

MSS

No traffic pass MSS


IP/MPLS Backbone

IP Connectivity layer

.

Nokia All-IP network (Rel 5)

Signalling & data transfer interfaceSignalling interface

IPv6 Mobility Core

SGSN Router

Control Plane

IP-RAN

CRRM Server

Radio Access Server

Application Servers

NokiaGGSN

RANGW

SGSNServer HSS

mPlatform service

enabling layer

IP Multimedia & Messaging

CPS

User & GW Plane

Messaging Servers

Multiradio RAN

OSS &Policy

ServiceCreationEnvironment

BroadbandGW

NokiaMediaGW

InternetInternet

PSTN PSTN

xDSLWLAN xDSL

WLAN

GSM/EDGETDMA/EDGE

WCDMA1XEV-DV

WLAN

GSM/EDGETDMA/EDGE

WCDMA1XEV-DV

WLAN


Nokia hardware platform

IPA2800 Nokia IP

DX200

HP/SUNPacket SwitchRNC & MGW

Circuit Switch


Nokia's interface to the platform

NEMU - Network Element Management Unit

BTS ToolsNetAct

Nokia Online ServicesFuture NED


NEMU Interface Main Window

• NEMU is computer server to provide graphical interface instead of MML command. Sometime consider as mini NMS in NE

• You can access NEMU by using “Application Launcher program” from your PC to NEMU server.


All WCDMA Cells under RNC in single view


RNW Online Presentation -Presentation Window (Playback)


Presentation Windows


What are the 3G mobiles going to look like?

• Classic terminal (GSM or WCDMA)• Dual mode (GSM and WCDMA, Inter System HO)• Multimedia terminal (Cellular + PDA)• Telematics (Integrate with other equipment)


Telemetric Controlling and adjustment

Adjust thetemperatureto +20c

Control service

10

0

2030

10

0

2030

10

0

2030

10

0

2030

• Controlling the cooling and heating• Remote message to the oil company


Telemetric Industrial applications

I want toget a bucketof driving range balls

GolfGolf Golf Golf

Info to caddy master.Refill needed!

• Cut machine's down time by gettingpreventive service info in advance

• Account and vending machines status checked over the air

• Payment via GSM• Increased customer

satisfaction


Terminal evolution & wireless protocols


UMTS / Universal SIMOwn processor and memory

• Two types of data:

• Specified data

• Subscriber dependent

• Featuring:

• Two name fields per entry

• Multiple phone numbers per entry

• Support of e-mail address

• User definable groupings

• Call details

• USIM security


Radio Access Network

NMS

TCSM

RANRAN Mobility Core

BSC MSC

MGW

2GSGSN

3GSGSN

RNC

RNC

A

Iu-PS

Gb

Iu-CS

Abis

Iub

Iur

GSM BTS

TripleMode BTS

WCDMA BTS

IPBB

WCDMA BTS

MSC


UTRAN architecture

Mobility CoreUTRANUTRAN

MSC

MGW

3GSGSN

RNC

RNC

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

Iur

Iu-CS

Iub

Iub

Iur

RNC

Iu-PS

WCDMA BTS

WCDMA BTS

WCDMA BTS

WCDMA BTS

RNS

RNS = Radio Network Subsystem


Nokia WCDMA base station solution

Base station sites:• Macrocell sites• Microcell sites• Picocell sites


What is the difference betweensite, cell and sector?

• A site is a physical cabinet with carriers/TRXs.

• A site may have one or more cells.

• Cells that belong to a site with more than one cell are usually referred to as a sector.

WCDMA- 1 carrier= 5MHzGSM

- 1 TRX ~ 7 traffic channels

Different frequencies

Carrier = TRx = Cell = 5 MHz = Operator

1+1+1 in WCDMA means 3 cells with 1 Carrier


Nokia WCDMA UltraSite solution

Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS

Optima Compact

Outdoor


Supreme

Indoor Outdoor

12 TRx6 TRx 6 TRx

Indoor


Optima

Outdoor


Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS SSupremeupreme

• Supports 6-sector solution

• Up to 12 WCDMA carriers• chaining of 4 cabinets supported• suitable for operators with 15 Mhz band• 1 cabinet supports up to 4+4+4 with

20 W configuration

O:1940 x 770 x 790mm(H x W x D)

-33°C ... +50 °C, IP55

I:1800 x 600 x 600 mm(H x W x D)

-5°C ... +50 °C, IP20


Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS OOptimaptima

• Configurations (20W) Rel.1&2•1+1+1 sectored

• Configurations (10W) Rel.2•2+2+2 sectored

• With chaining of 2 cabinets•2+2+2+2+2+2 and 4+4+4 supported

• Indoor :1100 x 600 x 600 mm (h x w x d)• -5°C ... +50 °C, IP20

• Outdoor:1940 x 770 x 790 mm(h x w x d)

• -33°C ... +50 °C, IP55


WCDMApart

WCDMA configuration:

• 1+1+1. 5W

• 2+2+2. 2W

BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s per cabinet

Other features:

• Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceivers or

• 6 GSM/EDGE and 3 WCDMA carriers(6 in Release 2)

Nokia WCDMA Tri-modeUltraSite

GSM+EDGEpart


Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS• ”Siteless” WCDMA BTS appropritate for many

different applications:• Cost-effective road side coverage• In-fill coverage• Indoor services• Targeted coverage and capacity for hot-spots• Multi-layer networks

• All-in-one solution• 2-carrier WCDMA BTS• Common cabinet for indoor and outdoor

installation

• Similar RX sensitity as in Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS.


Nokia MetroSite solutionCo-locating GSM & WCDMA BTS

Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio (13 –38 GHz) 16 E1

Nokia UltraHopper (18-26 GHz) STM-1

Nokia MetroSite EDGEBase Station• 900/1800 MHz GSM,EDGE networks

Nokia MetroSite WCDMA Base Station• 2 GHz WCDMAnetworks

Nokia MetroHopper Radio (58 GHz)


GSM/WCDMA solutionCo-located sites


Site support

• Site support units can contain batteries in case of main failure, transmission equipment, and more.

3rd party transmission

Batteries


Which solution to use?Student Exercise:

Imagine that you had to build a site. Which of the following would you take into account when selecting the BTS?

a) Which is the easiest and cost-effective way to add the site tothe network?

b) How many sites will cover the area?

c) The expected number of subscribers in the area?

d) The amount of power that the site will transmit on?

e) Where the BTS will be positioned; will people see it or shall only theantenna be visible?

f) The amount of space available for the site?

g) The expected capacity that the site should carry?


Transmission

• Sites are connected together in different ways to optimise costoptimise cost, whilst assuring the best qualitybest quality and redundancyredundancy.

• The links can be wire, optical or radio microwave links.

RNC

IUIUr

BSC

MSC

A

AXU

Multiplexer eg MetroHub

3G BTS

2G BTS

ATM crossconnect unit

AXU in WBTS called AXC


Transmission Topology

BTSRNCBTSRNC BTS BTS

Point-to-point connection Chain connection

BTSRNC BTS

BTS

BTSTree connection

BTSRNC BTS

BTS

Loop connection


What do the BTS sites look like?

• BTS sites can be found in many different places and in different forms.

• The sites are connected together in different ways.

X-pol. antennas

Site support Base Station

FlexiHopper

UltraHoppers

MetroHoppers


Radio Network Controller (RNC)IPA2800

• Radio network supervision

• Radio Resource Management

(RRM has 6 main functions)

• Mobility management

• Support open interfaces Iu & Iur

• Flexible and modular platform in Nokia's version

• Height 1.8mWidth 0.6m Depth 0.6m


RNC architecture

DMCU

GTPU

TCP/IP

NEMU OMU

RSMU

RRMU

ICSU

SFU

MXU

A2SU

NIU

NIU

TBU

• Switching and multiplexing units-SFU, MXU and A2SU

• Network Interface - NIU (NIP E1, NIS STM-1)

• Signal processing unit-DMCU

• Management and control computer units

-OMU, ICSU, RRMU, RSMU, GTPU, DMCU and NEMU


Nokia RNC Rack 1


Nokia RNC Rack 2


Nokia RNC and MGW


RNC 1.5 Capacity Steps

1 2

3

4

5

E1s according to capacity steps

Config.

Iub Mbit/s BTS Carriers STM-1 E11 48 128 384 4*4 642 85 192 576 4*4 963 122 256 768 4*4 1284 159 320 960 4*4 1605 196 384 1152 4*4 192

Iub traffic capacity InterfacesMax. capacity in different configurations

Release1, Phase1.5 & Release 2196 Mbit/s

1 NIP card can control 16 E11 NIS card can control 4 STM-1


Operator IP network

Packet core

Iu-PS

HLR

GGSN

CGBG DNS

Firewall

Mobility CoreMobility Core

2GSGSN

RAN

2GMSC

RNC3G

SGSN

MGW

BSC

Iu-CS

A

Gb

NMS

PSTNPSTN

PSTNInternet

• Handover in UTRAN• Ciphering in RNC

Core network in Release 3


Mobile Switching Centre

• Only SW upgradedneeded M11

MGWMSC


MSCi architecture

OMU

TGFP

CDSU GSW

BSS

NSS

X.25 orLAN toOMC andSMS

PSTN

VLRUCMCMUCCMU STU CHU

ET

ECET

CLS

PABXECET

ET

VDUandLPT

VDUandLPT

PAUBSUMFSU BDCUM

LANLAN

CASUCCSU

MB

LAN

EXT. SYNC.VANG


IP Bypassing in a nutshell (optional topic)

voice &signalling

Data/fax -,handover- and emergency calls

PSTNMSC

MSC

MSC Operator'sIP network

voice & signalling

IPET

IPET

IPET• Cost savings• All application in same network


IP Bypassing - Hardware (optional topic)

TGSU

CCSU

MSCGSW

CCM STU

CMM

OMU

IPET IP IPET

MSCGSW

ET

ET

Routers Routers

LAN SWITCHES

LAN SWITCHES

TDMET ET

Voice + signalling

Data/fax, HO and emergency calls

BSU

TGSU

MB

ET Exchange TerminalIPET Internet Protocol Exchange TerminalTGSU Trunk Gateway Signalling Unit


MGW for MSCMainMain functionsfunctions of MGW:of MGW:

• ATM/TDM conversion

• Iu/A’ signalling conversion between narrowbandand broadband CCS7

• Transcoding1 MGW can control 8 RNCs

Iu-CS

PSTN/Transitnetwork

TDM

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 MSC

STM-1 MGWRNCRNC

ATM

PCM


Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC


Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary

Media Gateway:• 5120 transcoding channels• 8 RNCs• IPA 2800 platform• Iu-CS interface

MSCi:• Simultaneous support for UMTS (A') and

GSM (A) traffic• 600 000 BHCA• 16 700 Erlangs • 600 000 subscribers +

200 000 telemetric subscriber• 100% IN/SCE traffic support

Iu-CS

PSTN/Transitnetwork

TDM

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 MSC

STM-1 MGWRNCRNC

ATM

PCM


Nokia HLRi capacities•1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers• AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers• EIR with:

• 4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)• 4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)• 200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000 IMEIs/entry)


Mobile Number Portability Solution (SRRi)

• The Service Routing Service Routing RegisterRegister is to remove excess signalling and complex databases and routing, by managing the address of each subscriber.

SRRiDatabase

HLR HLR

MSCSGSN

MSISDN1 - rerouting info

MSISDN2 - rerouting info

.

.

1

………

Othernetworks

• In some countries, the law states that subscribers must be able to keep their keep their numbernumber if they change the operator.


Packet switched core network overview

Router

SGSN

BG

LegalInterceptionGateway

DomainNameServer

BorderGateway

Serving GPRSSupport Node

CG

GGSN

Firewall

GatewayGPRS

Support Node

LocalArea NW

Server

ChargingGateway

Corporate

DNS

2G & 3G

GPRS BackboneGPRS BackboneIP NetworkIP Network

InternetInternet

GSM BSS orGSM BSS or3G RAN3G RAN

InterInter--PLMNPLMNNetworkNetwork

IntranetIntranet


• 3G SGSN packet processing is the major task →a high capacity routing platform

• 2G SGSN mobility, ciphering and compression are major tasks →Routing platform not the optimum solution.

Packetproces-sing

Packetproces-sing

Ciph-ering

Com-pression

radio specific protocols

GPRS UMTS

Protocolconver-sions

MM

= Mobility Management

IP

Comparison of SGSN workload 2G - 3G

MM

IP

IP

3G-SGSN & GGSN• The 3G-SGSN & GGSN are built on the IP Platform

(2G-SGSN uses the Nokia DX200 Platform).

• In UMTS some of the functionality needed in the2G-SGSN is now included as functions in the RNC.


System structure of Nokia 3G-SGSN

Iu

Gn

Internal maintenance bus

Gr, Gf, GdE1/T1SMM Unit

• Mobility Management •Session Management•Signalling

ATMSTM-1

100 BaseTx1000 BaseTForwarding

Unit

Central RouteProcessor Unit•O&M•Routing

TunnellingUnit

E1/T1

SS7Unit

ATMSTM-1

Power supplies

Cooling fans

Cable guides

Processor units on2 trays

1193

443

434


Capacity• Max number of subscribers: 300 000

• Throughput and number of connections:— 900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts OR— 600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts• (512 byte packet size)

• Connection attempts: 600 PDP procedures per second

• 300 000 SMS messages per hour


Other packet core network elements• GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

Nokia version based on IP650 or IP740 routers— Release 2, IP650: 150 000 PDP contexts

100 Mbps (1400 byte packets)— Release 2, IP740: 1 million PDP contexts

400 Mbps (1400 byte packets)— Both can interact with 2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN

• BG (Border Gateway)— Router to Inter-PLMN data network

• DNS (Domain Name Server)— Access point name → IP address of correct GGSN

• CG (Charging Gateway)

• LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)


Nokia NetAct Solution

BusinessManagementSystems

ServiceManagementSystems

NetworkManagementSystems

ElementManagementSystems

Functions of Service management systems:• Take care of subcriber data• Provision services and subscribers• Collect and rate, bill offered services• Create, promote and monitor services

Network management system (NMS): NetAct• Collect information from the underlying networks

and pre/post-process the raw data• Analyse and distribute information• Optimise network capacity and quality

Element management systems (EM):• EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.)

functionality• Monitor the functioning of the equipment• Collect raw data (performance indicators)• Local GUI provided for site engineers• Mediate towards the NMS system

MIS

PlanningSystem

BTS

BTS AXCRNC NE x

NE y

CCB

NE = network element, CCB = customer care and billing, MIS = management information system

NMS


Migration from NMS to OSS

Example of Product MigrationRadio Network Management features in

Configurator Functionality

ModulesReporter

Administrator

3rd party tools

Rating & Charging

Unified Mediationand Adaptation

Service LevelManager

Monitor

Configurator

Planner

Radio Network Management features in

Configurator Functionality

Modules

Workflow Manager

Network

SW/HW/Time mgmt

featuresAdministratorFunctionality

Modules

SW/HW/Time mgmt

featuresAdministratorFunctionality

Modules

PlanEditor


Nokia network management tools

Ueno 1-1 Shinj uku 1 Shinj uku 2Otemachi 1

RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC

Ikebukur o 1-1

T okyo ar ea - north

Megur o 1-1 T okyo 2-1 Shibya 1- 1T okyo 1-1

RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC

Shibya 2- 1

T okyo ar ea - south

NMS

termi nal

print er

P ower

Vent.

RNC sit e 17

Mar unouchi bldg

7F

Mar unouchi 1-2-3

Chioda-ku

site manager :

Sato Akiyoshi

tel: 090 4002 8196

NMS site

BTS LocalManagement Tool

BTS site


Network architecture of Rel 4 and 5

• Two main parts: IP-RAN and IP-core evolution

• Target of 3G is All-IP core network

• Most of this chapter is provided for self study for the interested student.

• Implementation of Rel4 starts already around 2002-2003, but most of the implementations can be anticipated in live networks starting from approximately the year 2005.

Detail of REL 4 and REL 5 are in CORESYS course


Core network evolution

MSC ServerCore

MSC MSC ServerServerCoreCore

Separate CSand PS domains

GSMGSM

3GPP 3GPP RRel3el3CoreCore

3GPP 3GPP

CoreCore

CS and PS using thesame backbone for transport

Only PS for alltypes of applications

RRel5el5


Integrated MSS or Standalone MSS ??

PacketCore NW

PSTN/ISDN

GSM

BSCBSC

RNCRNC

WCDMA

IN/SCE APSE HLR/HSS

MGWMGW MGW

TDMNetworkVMSS

IntegratedGCS

Integrated

H.248H.248

REL 4


Integrated MSS or Standalone MSS ??

PacketCore NW

PSTN/ISDN

GSM

BSCBSC

RNCRNC

WCDMA

IN/SCE APSE HLR/HSS

MGWMGW MGW

VMSSStandalone

GCSStandalone

H.248H.248

REL 4


IP-RAN

Radio AccessServer

CommonRadio Resource

Management

EDGE BTS

WCDMA BTS

TripleModeBTS

RAN GW

REL 5

IP RAN


IP Core / IP Telephony

NokiaGGSN

InternetWCDMA

NokiaMGW

Gateway plane

Control plane

NokiaMGW

NokiaHSS

NokiaSGSN

Nokia3G

SGSN

IP

ATM

NokiaMSC/MSS

Gb

Iu-CS

Iu-PS Gn

A

Nb

NokiaCPS

Gi

NokiaMSCServer

EDGE

WCDMA

PSTN

Internet

REL 5

3g architecture handout new

Documents

ip network rel

g core network cn

network subsystems of

g architecure

gumts architecture

g mobiles

nemu server

main differences