Causes of the Civil War

On the back of your Do Now, write down three reasons the North and South went to War based on the music video.

Missouri Compromise of 1820• 1819 Missouri asks to be

permitted to the Union.• 11 Free and 11 Slaves states

at the time• Henry comes up with a

compromise– Missouri added as a slave

state, Maine added as a free state

– Southern border of Missouri forms the 36 30’ latitude. This becomes the boundary for slavery. Slavery is permitted only South of this line

The Compromise of 1850• 1850 California asks to join the Union. Stephan

Douglas proposes compromise.• California added as a free state• Mexican cession was divided into two territories,

New Mexico and Utah; each was given popular sovereignty

• Slave trade outlawed in Washington D.C.• Fugitive Slave Act– Strengthened old law that required Northerners to

turn in runaway slaves. Put a $1,000 fine and 6 months in jail to anyone who helps a runaway slave

Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Harriet Beecher Stowe

1852• She writes a novel to

demonstrate the cruel treatment of slaves and the horror of the Fugitive Slave Laws. Story of a nice old slave who’s owner goes broke and sells him to a mean master. Helped to put a face on the peculiar institution. Helped to further split the North and the South.

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• Stephan Douglas wanted to set up a government in Nebraska to set up railroads from Chicago to California. Divided the territory into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska, and gave them popular sovereignty to decide slavery. It further divided the North and South as it created a battleground for abolitionists and pro-slavery advocates.

Bleeding Kansas 1854-1856

• Battlegrounds for abolitionists and Pro-slavery groups. Battle in Lawrence in 1856. In 1855 many pro-slavery advocates crossed from Missouri and voted illegally. They elected a pro-slavery legislature. 1856 John Brown stormed Potawantume and killed 5 pro-slavery advocates. Over 200 people were killed in the violence that broke out. Newspapers titled all the violence, Bleeding Kansas.

Dred Scott Case

• Dred Scott was a slave who traveled with his master from Missouri to Illinois to Wisconsin and back to Missouri. Anti-slavery lawyers took up his case after Scott’s owner died. They hoped to get a ruling from the Supreme Court calling slavery unconstitutional. Instead, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens and were therefore not entitled to rights guaranteed by the Constitution. This greatly angered Northerners and encouraged the Southerners.

Lincoln – Douglas Debates

• In 1858 Senator Stephan Douglas ran for re-election against a tall young lawyer named Abraham Lincoln. During the debates Lincoln tried to paint Douglas as a pro-slavery advocate. In return, Douglas tried to portray Lincoln as a strong abolitionist trying to eliminate slavery. Douglas won election, but the debates made Lincoln a public figure and helped the South form a negative opinion of him. Upon his election to the presidency in 1860, the south would secede.

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

• John Brown and a group of militant abolitionists attacked the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. They were hoping to start a slave revolt and supply them with the necessary weapons. The revolt did not happen. Robert E. Lee overran the invaders and John Brown was taken prisoner. He was tried and convicted, then sentenced to death. The dignity that he showed during his trial gained him great support from the North. His execution became part of the battle cry of the North.

Westward Expansion• As the U.S. exercised its philosophy of

manifest destiny, a monumental debate would result. The issue would accompany each new acquisition. Slave or Free State?

The Wilmot Proviso

• After the Mexican-American War, the U.S. had acquired lands from Mexico. A new and pressing issue now surfaced to the front of American politics. Would new states or territories be added as free or slave? The balance of power between North and South could shift. Wilmot added a proviso (amendment) to a bill from congress stating that slavery would not be permitted in any state acquired from Mexico. Congress later defeated the amendment.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion• Nat Turner, an African

American preacher led a violent slave revolt in Virginia. Believing he was acting under divine intervention he and the slaves killed up to 70 white people. Virginia which had briefly considered dropping slavery now joined the other southern states in tightening the restrictions on slaves.

Election of 1860 and South Carolina Secession

• Lincoln, the republican candidate from the North was elected to president over without receiving one electoral vote in the south. Infuriated southern states threaten to leave the Union. On December 20th, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union.

SOUTH SECESSION• 12/20/1860 South Carolina seceded• soon after they are joined by Texas,

Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, Florida• elect Jefferson Davis as president of

Confederate States of America• locate capital in Montgomery Alabama

Fort Sumter

• This marked the start of the Civil War when confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina and committed an open act of rebellion against the Union.

• President of the Union • President of Confederacy

New York City Draft Riot 1863

• July 1863 protest of war in New York City left 1,000 dead

• Irish laborers were protesting the draft which wealthy men could pay to be exempt from

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

• Freed Slaves in Confederacy• technically didn’t free anyone• hoped slaves would hear and

runaway• stopped Britain and France from

recognizing Confederacy

SURRENDER AT APPOMATTAX