4 design [compatibility mode]_tcm153-474863
TRANSCRIPT
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Offshore Container Seminar
DNV 2.7-1 – Design
Houston, October 10, 2011
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Slide 2
Definition of Offshore Container:
A portable unit with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, for repeated use in the transport of goods or equipment, handled in open seas, to, from or between fixed and/or floating installations and ships.
What is an offshore container?
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Slide 3
In addition to the definition are the following limitations to the design:
� An offshore container is to have outer framework with Padeyes at or near the top. (waste skips may be constructed from flat steel plates forming the load bearing sections of the container) Sec.1.4.1.
� Protruding parts on the outside of the container frame that may catch or damage other containers or structures shall be avoided. (Padeyes and stacking guides may protrude above the top.) Sec. 4.1.3
� Is to consist of a primary structure frame and (optionally) secondary structures (walls, roof, etc.)
What is an offshore container?
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Slide 4
Operational limitations for offshore containers:
� containers may be handled in maximum 6m significant wave height
� Design temperature -20°C (or colder)
� An offshore container shall be designed to withstand 30°tilting in any direction without overturning.
� Payload is not to protrude above or beyond the container perimeter
� Lifting set is to be permanently attached to the container
What is an offshore container?
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Slide 5
Strength
Strength is calculated for:
� Lifting by lifting set
� Lifting by fork lift truck
� Local impact loads on the frame in sides and bottom
� Special calculations for pad eyes
� Load on walls and floor
Strength calculations are verified by prototype testing
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Slide 6
Strength
Design approval:
� Strength is calculated:- Frame analyzes or simple manual calculations- Local strength, for instance padeyes, shear area in bottom fra,e
or lifting sets
� Review of the design- Materials- Minimum thickness- Welds, details and special requirements
� Drawings are stamped and returned, with or without comments
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Slide 7
Frame analyzis is typically done for:
� long containers
� heavy containers
� open baskets
� containers with complex frames
May not be necessary for
� Smaller frames, for instance bottle racks
� Light containers
� Medium sized containers with strong frame
� Variants of well known designs
Strength
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Version Slide 810 October 2011Version Slide 810 October 2011
Calculations and modelling
Primary Structure
� The Primary structure is identified from drawings
What is the primary structure?
• Load carrying and supporting frames and load carrying panels.
• Only the primary structure shall be considered in the design calculations.
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Version Slide 910 October 2011
Add beam properties
Modelling of primary structure
Mirror about XZ-planMirror about YZ-plan
If the structure is symmetrical, it is only necessary to model ¼
Modelling/ calculations
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Version Slide 1010 October 2011
Add lifting set
Use beam elements that do not transfer bending moments
Some programs may have special elements that only take tension loads
Modelling/ calculations
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Version Slide 1110 October 2011
Add boundary conditions
To achieve a valid solution, the model must be restricted from movement in horizontal direction.
Top node is fixed
Modelling/ calculations
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Version Slide 1210 October 2011
Modelling/ calculations
Lifting testAdd suitable loads
Payload and tare are to be distributed as realistic as possible
Evenly distributed in a general cargo container or node loads if there are fixed load points.
Load factor is 2.5 when using 4-point lifting and 1.5 using 2-point lifting.
Tare mass
Payload
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Version Slide 1310 October 2011Version Slide 1310 October 2011
Analyse
1. Check the stresses. Note that allowable yield stress is:4-point lifting: 0.85 x R e (for steel)
Calculations and modelling
y
2. Check the deflection. Must not be greater than 1/300 of the span of the member.
Pz = 2.5 x R x g
3. Forces in the top node against the total design load.Must be equal to 2.5 x R x g
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Slide 14
Design
Detail requirements
� Pad eyes
� Minimum material thickness
� Fork lift pockets
� Protrusions
� Top protection
� Doors and door locks are to be secured for unwanted opening
� Is the container to be weather tight?
� Painting and corrosion protection
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Welding of padeyes
4.3.1: ” Main welds between the padeyes and the primary structure shall always be full penetration welds.”
Not Acceptable
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Good design: padeyes
To obtain full penetration welding with this design the base plate is slotted into the top frame. Padeye is being prepared and welded with full penetration. Base plate are to have ”Z”-quality.
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Slide 17
Pad eyes
Poor weld quality observed on several containers in a series
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Slide 18
Pad eyes
One pad eye removed due to suspicion of unacceptable welding
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Slide 19
Pad eyes
What we found
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Continuity
Slide 20
Connection between top rail and end structure is compromised
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Continuity
Knee bracket
Not acceptable
Acceptable
Good solution
Side walls are not included in primary structure
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Slide 22
Fork lift pocket design
Corrosion inside
fork pockets:
� May fall out
� Weakens pockets
� Problems reduced if pockets have bottom openings
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Fork lift pocket design
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Fork lift pocket design
Old container, heavy corrosion, but no cracks
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Fork pocket design
Old container: Cracks in bottom frame due to inufficient shear area above fork lift pockets
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Fork pocket design
Reinforcement (increased shear area) above fork lift pockets.
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Fork lift pocket design
Alternative reinforcements above fork lift pockets(wall plates are secondary structures and are not included in the shear area)
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Slide 28
Fork lift pocket design
Paragraph 4.4.6 i DNV 2.7-1 states the following:
“Fork lift pockets shall be located such that the container is stable during handling with fork lift truck. Container length, height, width and rating shall be taken into account. Pockets shall be located as far apart as practical. Centre distance shall be at least 900 mm (where possible), but need not be more than 2050 mm.”
This is supplemented by a Guidance Note with recommended distance between fork pockets related to length of container for loaded or empty lifting conditions
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Protrusions
Skid protrudes beyond container perimeter
NOT APPROVED!
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Protrusions
Protruding edge on padeye grinded down
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Side protrusions� Door locking mechanism
and hinges unprotected
� Other unacceptable protrusions
� Pork pockets have no shear area
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Cargo protruding
� Cylinders protrudes above frame
� Snagging hazard for slings in cylinder
ALSO:
� Padeyes not in line with slings
� Holes for shackle bolt too big
� Are the pad eye welds full penetration ?
This “Container” is notapproved to DNV 2.7-1
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Container for stacking
This stacking guide may snag e.g. on deck rail on supply vessel. Alternative designs should be considered.
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Container for stacking
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Stacking guides
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Slide 36
Top protection of open top containers:
“The top of all open frame containers and of all open top containers with permanent internal fittings, machinery or other installations where crane hooks or forerunners may snag, shall be protected with grating or plates. This may be fixed, hinged or removable. Top protection shall be capable of being secured.”
2006 edition, Sec. 4 Design
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Slide 37
Plate top protection
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Slide 38
2006 edition, Sec. 4 Design (cont.)
Top protection of open frame container
Certified before protection requiremes introduced in 2006
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Slide 39
Net on skips and baskets
Protective nets are often used on open units like baskets and skips.
Such nets are not required by DNV 2.7-1.
Hooks for such nets should be placed in protected locations, not stick outside. Holes to attach hooks.must not be drilled in closed profiles
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Slide 40
2006 edition, Sec. 4 Design (cont.)
Top protection lids on cargo baskets (not mandatory)
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Door locking bars are unprotected
Protection of locking devices
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Door protection accepted
Protection of locking devices
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Tank Containers
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Tank Containers
Tank containers are defined in Ch. 6.7 of the IMDG Code
� The IMDG Code uses the term ”Portable Tank” - The term ”Tank container” is only used for those portable tanks
that comply with the definition of ”Container” in the CSC Convention and for offshore tank containers
� A special type is ”MEGC” – Multiple-Element Gas Containers
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Tank Containers
The IMDG Code Ch. 6.7:
� Portable tanks for liquids, solids and gases
� Portable tanks are at least 450 litres
� The term portable tank includes a shell fitted with service equipment and structural equipment necessary for the transport of dangerous substances. The portable tank shall be capable of being filled and discharged without the removal of its structural equipment. It shall possess stabilizing members external to the shell, and shall be capable of being lifted when full.
� Portable tanks must be designed and fabricated according to a “Recognized Pressure Vessel Code”
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Tank Containers
20’ ISO tank container – not suited for offshore use
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Tank Containers
On offshore tank containers the tank is supported on 2 saddles and with a strong surrounding frame
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Where are the various requirements?
THE IMDG CODE HAS REQUIREMENTS FOR:
� Design requirements for the tank
� The tank shell (minimum thickness)
� Valves and fittings
� The tank supports
THE PRESSURE VESSEL CODE HAS REQUIREMENTS FOR:
� Tank shell and other pressurized parts
� The tank saddles
DNV 2.7-1 HAS REQUIREMENTS FOR:
� The frame
� The lifting set
� Protection of the tank and fittings
� The tank supports
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Tank Containers
Recognized pressure vessel codes:
� USA: ASME VIII
� EN: Various EN standards for pressure vessels
� UK: alternatively PD 5500
� Other standard may also be accepted by DNV after special consideration
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Types of tank containers
IMDG Chapter 6.7 “PORTABLE TANKS”
� 6.7.2 – Tanks for liquids and solids
� 6.7.3 – Tanks for non-refrigerated liquefied gases
� 6.7.4 – Tank for refrigerated (“cryogenic”) gases
� 6.7.5 – Multiple Element Gas Containers, MEGC(for non-liquefied gases)
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Selection of a tank container to carry a particluar dangerous cargo
� Is the cargo classified? UN number? Danger class?- Check the info. sheet for dangerous goods
� What requriments apply for the tank container?- Check entry for the UN number in part 3 of the IMDG
- Check Tank Instruction, Special Provisions, etc.
� Use the Tank Instruction number to find the particular requirements to the tank
- Part 4.2 of the IMDG
� Select a tank container which fullfills these requirements, or design a new tank according to Part 6.7 in the IMDG
� Remember that the tank container must be certified!
Marine transport of Dangerous Goods
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What are the requirements to carry a special cargo in a tank container?
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What are the requirements to carry a special cargo in a tank container?
Tank Instructions:
� From Tank Instructions in column 13 we find Tank Instruction T7 for Methanol
NOTE: In older IMDG codes the tank instruction for Methanol, given in column 12, was T4.Column 12 was deleted on January 1st 2010 and only column 13 can be used for all tanks, new and old
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What are the requirements to carry a special cargo in a tank container?
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What are the requirements to carry a special cargo in a tank container?
EXAMPLE: Transport of methanol (UN No. 1230):
Tank instruction: T7Test pressure:4 bars
Minimum thickness: 5 or 6 mm depending on tank diameter
Safety valve: Normal, i.e. bursting disc not required
Bottom closures: 3 closures in series:
- Internal valve- External valve- A bolted blank flange or screw cap
Marking:
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Protection on tank containers
These valves need protection, e.g. by plate or beam (can be removable or hinged
(This tank container was NOT certified by DNV)
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Tank support
Tank is supported on doubling plates on the fork pockets.
(Tank Container not approved by DNV)
The result?
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Tank support
It is cracking!
It corrodes!It will soon be falling apart!
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Offshore gas cylinder racks – Bundles
Bottle racks:
�A) with loose cylinders: the gas cylinders are certified at manufacturer, the container frame must be certified to DNV 2.7-1
�B) If the gas cylinders are fixed and interconnected through a manifold with valves, the unit is defined in Ch. 6.2 of the IMDG Code as a gas cylinder ”bundle”
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Gas bottle racks
Bottle rack: frame with 16 gas bottles
(Not connected by manifold –therefore not a ”bundle”)
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Gas Bottle racks
Bottle rack:frame for 6 loose gas bottles
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BUNDLES need to have the following certification:
- The IMDG Code Ch. 6.2 Receptacles for gases
- The gas cylinders are certified to applicable standards at themanufacturer
- For IMDG approval: ISO 10961 Gas Cylinders – Cylinder bundles- (For ADR/RID approval: EN 13769 Transportable Gas Cylinders -
Cylinder Bundles)
- USA: 49 CFR requirements?
- DNV 2.7-1 Offshore containere
Slide 62
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Gas bottle racks – bundles
This bottle rack is a ”BUNDLE” according to the IMDG Code
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Offshore gas cylinder racks –Bundles vs. MEGCs
� IMDG/ADR/RID Ch 6.2: Gas cylinder Bundles:- Max volume 3000 litres- Offshore use not specifically mentioned in the code, but offshore
containers must comply with MSC/Circ. 860- DNV interpretation: Approval to Ch. 6.2 can be combined with DNV
2.7-1
� IMDG/ADR/RID Ch. 6.7.5: Multiple Element Gas Cylinder Tanks – MEGCs
- No lower volume limit- ISO 10961 or EN 13769 not applicable- Offshore container certification (i.e. DNV 2.7-1) also required by the
IMDG Code
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Slide 65