4G Communications4G Communications

Presented by:Presented by:

M. Dhivya ReddyM. Dhivya Reddy

IntroductionIntroduction““In the world, some-things are In the world, some-things are

invincible, but they are vincible”. invincible, but they are vincible”.

Evolution of 4G.Evolution of 4G.

– Possibility Possibility – NecessityNecessity

Pioneers of 4GPioneers of 4G

PROBLEMS IN 3GPROBLEMS IN 3G Less Bandwidth.Less Bandwidth. Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation.Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation. Difficulty in Roaming.Difficulty in Roaming. Lack of end to end seamless networks.Lack of end to end seamless networks.

4G PERSPECTIVE REVIEW4G PERSPECTIVE REVIEW

Based on developing trends of mobile communication Based on developing trends of mobile communication Do Como “MAGIC” concept.Do Como “MAGIC” concept. European Commission seamless network conceptEuropean Commission seamless network concept

4G Feature Frame work4G Feature Frame workThe discussion domain includes three relevant The discussion domain includes three relevant targets, i.e. terminals, networks, and applications. Out targets, i.e. terminals, networks, and applications. Out of the 4G domain, the user is the only target.of the 4G domain, the user is the only target.

The kernel word of the definition is so-called The kernel word of the definition is so-called integration, which means the convergence of first the integration, which means the convergence of first the three different targets; second the various modes of three different targets; second the various modes of each target, which lead to the feature of diversity.each target, which lead to the feature of diversity.

The modifier “seamless”, which means the character The modifier “seamless”, which means the character and requirement of integration, implies the support of and requirement of integration, implies the support of the adaptability feature between the three targets, the adaptability feature between the three targets, each one of which is largely miscellaneous.each one of which is largely miscellaneous.

Concept of Diversity and Concept of Diversity and Adaptability Adaptability

There are two kinds of diversity: external diversity and There are two kinds of diversity: external diversity and internal diversity.internal diversity.

External diversity is outside the target, which brings External diversity is outside the target, which brings along the demand of the adaptability feature to all along the demand of the adaptability feature to all targets.targets.

Internal diversity is inside each of the targets, and it acts Internal diversity is inside each of the targets, and it acts as the solution for adaptability requirements.as the solution for adaptability requirements.

4G Feature Description4G Feature Description

1.1. User diversity.User diversity.

2.2. Terminal diversity and Terminal diversity and adaptabilityadaptability

3.3. Network diversity and Network diversity and adaptabilityadaptability

4.4. Application diversity and Application diversity and adaptabilityadaptability

User diversityUser diversity

External diversity- External diversity- – People in different situations and different People in different situations and different

personal preferences. personal preferences. Internal diversity- Internal diversity-

– People with different interfaces, People with different interfaces, Moreover, for adapting the two kinds of user Moreover, for adapting the two kinds of user

diversity, both the external and internal diversity, both the external and internal diversity of terminals and applications are diversity of terminals and applications are the solution.the solution.

Terminal Diversity and AdaptabilityTerminal Diversity and Adaptability External diversityExternal diversity

Static attributes- functionality, weight, size, battery life, human interface, Static attributes- functionality, weight, size, battery life, human interface, antenna, processing capability, security, style, and cost.antenna, processing capability, security, style, and cost.

Mobile attributes-temporal and spatial features. Mobile attributes-temporal and spatial features. – The former category contains e.g. moving speed and acceleration, along with The former category contains e.g. moving speed and acceleration, along with

stationary, pedestrian or vehicular qualities.stationary, pedestrian or vehicular qualities.– The latter is connected to spatial range, e.g. indoors, on-campus, in urban and The latter is connected to spatial range, e.g. indoors, on-campus, in urban and

rural environments, and also direction.rural environments, and also direction.

Internal diversity Internal diversity Integration of multiple functions, modes, interfaces Integration of multiple functions, modes, interfaces

Three targets for terminal adaptability.Three targets for terminal adaptability. For users-provision of different terminals. For users-provision of different terminals. For applications- miscellaneous services. For applications- miscellaneous services. For networks- A single terminal can reach a wide For networks- A single terminal can reach a wide range of networks range of networks

Network Diversity and AdaptabilityNetwork Diversity and Adaptability

The external diversity. The external diversity. – For instance air interfaces can integrate all kinds of standards For instance air interfaces can integrate all kinds of standards

and work on different frequencies. and work on different frequencies. – Multiple operators deploy networks with multiple standards Multiple operators deploy networks with multiple standards

and protocols. and protocols. The internal diversity.The internal diversity.

– Interconnection with other different networks and transfer Interconnection with other different networks and transfer various kinds of loads. various kinds of loads.

Three targets.Three targets.– For terminals-multi form mobile devices For terminals-multi form mobile devices – For applications-delivery of services in efficient wayFor applications-delivery of services in efficient way– For networks-reconfiguration of old network. For networks-reconfiguration of old network.

Application Diversity and Application Diversity and AdaptabilityAdaptability

External diversity- External diversity- – Did not mean that 4G services and applications must be Did not mean that 4G services and applications must be

multifarious, in all the aspects of quantity, quality, and type. multifarious, in all the aspects of quantity, quality, and type. Internal diversity- Internal diversity-

– Multiple tailoring of application. Multiple tailoring of application. Application adaptability- Application adaptability-

– For users services delivery automation based on personal For users services delivery automation based on personal preferences. preferences.

– For terminals-Versatility in running applications For terminals-Versatility in running applications – For networks-Transformation in required form for efficient For networks-Transformation in required form for efficient

transmission with network available.transmission with network available.

4G technical perspective4G technical perspective TerminalsTerminals

– Techniques for diversity Techniques for diversity Smart antenna Smart antenna Software radioSoftware radio Sensor technologySensor technology Processing capabilityProcessing capability

NetworksNetworks Cellular systems Cellular systems Network layer hierarchical Network layer hierarchical

mobility management mobility management Ad hoc wireless networks Ad hoc wireless networks Techniques for multiplexing Techniques for multiplexing

Applications Applications Mobile application should refer to a user’s profile so Mobile application should refer to a user’s profile so

that it can be delivered in a way most preferred by the that it can be delivered in a way most preferred by the subscriber, such as context-based personalized subscriber, such as context-based personalized services. services.

Techniques such as adaptive multimedia and unified Techniques such as adaptive multimedia and unified messaging take the terminal characteristics into messaging take the terminal characteristics into account. account.

Intelligent mobile software agent is a common Intelligent mobile software agent is a common technique to all of the three targets. technique to all of the three targets.

Applications can negotiate with networks so that they Applications can negotiate with networks so that they can be transferred with the most efficient channel. can be transferred with the most efficient channel.

Conclusion Conclusion 4G systems offer the promise of a standard that can be 4G systems offer the promise of a standard that can be

embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration.embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration. 4G will bring true human like interaction with wearable 4G will bring true human like interaction with wearable

electronics and disposable devices. electronics and disposable devices. The services will provide afford less access to the other The services will provide afford less access to the other

people And other devices around us with highest possibility people And other devices around us with highest possibility of security and Integration. of security and Integration.

Terminals will encompass speech, hearing,sight, as well as Terminals will encompass speech, hearing,sight, as well as environmental data pertinent to the application, making the environmental data pertinent to the application, making the user permanently connected to both the cyber-world as user permanently connected to both the cyber-world as well as the real world.well as the real world.

Thank You