4 phonetics and phonemics of standard russian [tijdschrift voor slavische taal- en letterkunde 2...
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
1/11
PHONETICS AND
PHONEMICS
O F
STANDARD RUSSIAN
F. H. H. KORTLANDT*
1. INTRODUCTION
Modern linguistics is strongly theory-oriented.
1
The fact
that
this
assertion holds äs good
for phonemics äs for any
other branch
of
linguistics
has
recently been confirmed
by
Chomsky
and
Halle's latest
contribution
to the field.
2
As a
consequence
of
this rem arkable inclina-
tion, hardly
any
author
of a
book
on
phonemic theory adds
to bis
publication a specimen text to
which his
theory is applied.
3
The
purpose
of the
present article
is not the
further advancement
o f
phonemic theory, bu t the application of some obtaining views regarding
the
phonemic structure
of
language
in
order
to
arrive
at a
suitable
transcription
of
Russian texts.
As a theoretical
framework
I
have chosen
the
classical theory
of
Trubetzkoy.
4
No
Solutions
are offered for the
main problems which present themselves within this fra me w ork, such äs
th e identification problem
5
o r the problems that result from the existence
of optional features.
6
No 'heavy phonemes' are assumed, and the
description
is
therefore
less
adequate than would otherwise
be the
case:
in particular, the flexion of the Substantive could be described more
satisfactorily
if
that concept were made
use
of.
7
Apart from these
* The author studied mathematics and linguistics at the University of
Amsterdam
where he now is a member of the
Staff
of the Slavic
Department.
His doctoral disserta-
tion,
Modelling the Phoneme'. New Trends in
East European
Phonemic Theory, w as
recently
published by Mouton (The
Hague,
1972).
Cf. A. H.
Kuipers,
Unique
Types
and
Typological Universals , Pratidänam (The
Hague,
1968),
68-88.
2
N. Chomsky and M. Halle, The Sound P attern
of
English (New York, 1968).
3
Cf. nearly any book in the references.
4
N. S.
Trubetzkoy,
Grundzüge
der Phänologie (Prague,
1939),
1-50.
6
See, e.g., C. K. HlayMSH, HpoßjteMbi meopemimecnoü
Φ Ο Η Ο Λ Ο Ζ Η Η
(Moscow, 1962),
91115;
cf. also B. A.
VcneHCKafi,
"OflHa
MOflenb
fljia
ποΗβτκη
φοΗβΜΒΐ",
Bonpocu
KsuKoanmuH 6 (1964), 3953.
6
See C . L. Ebeling, Some Premisses of Phonemic Analysis , Word 23
(1967),
12237. Cf. K ortlandt, op. cit. Chapter 9.
7
Cf. Ebeling, op. cit. in ftne.
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
2/11
74 F. H. H.
KORTLANDT
considerations, the presentation
of
the
Russ ian sound system given
here
seems
to
me
the
simplest
and
most economical
description of the
facts.
8
2 PHONETICS
2.1.
VOWELS
2.1.1.
Accented
2.1.1.1.
Wordinitially: [i], [ε, e], [a], [o], [u].
x HX [ΪΧ] ΗΗ6Η [ΐηΐΐ]
3X0 [?t9]
3XH
[?tt]
a« [at], AH H [ans],
O H [on],
oceni.
[psm],
yM
[um], yseji [uzll].
2.1.1.2. A f t e r a hard
consonant:
[y], [ε,β], [a], [o], [u].
Ex. : ÖHJI [byl], ÖHTB [byt],
mect [ssst],
mejiecx
[seitst],
AaM [dam],
Tana [tans],
TOM [tom], Γ Ο Η Η Τ
[gpntt],
[sum], ayxb [dut].
2.1.1.3. Af ter a
soft
c o n s o n a n t : [i, ϊ], [ε, e], [a,
ä], [o, ö], [u, ü].
Ex.: MHJibiä
[rhjtei], JIHXB [h't],
;v3Jö, M B H [mets],
[tanüt],
xjraex
[t^mt],
[tplka], öepese
[ΒίΓφζϊ],
[ludna],
J I I O A H
[lî dl].
2.1.2.
Unaccented
2.1.2.1.
Wordinitially:
[ι] [α], [u].
Ex. : Hfly [idu],
o^Ha [adna],
yaap [udar].
2.1.2.2.
A f te r a hard consonant:
(1) pretonically: [y], [a], [u].
Ex.
:
öbuia [byla],
Bo^a
[vada],
xyfla
[tuda].
(2) in
other
positions:
[y], [a], [ü].
Ex. : G B I X O B O H [bytavo'i],
Aoöeacaxt
[dabt^at],
rpysoBoa [grüzavQs].
Cf., e.g., M.B. ΠΟΗΟΒ, PyccKaa φ οηεη ΐΗκ α (Moscow, 1967), 29205.
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
3/11
PHONETICS AND PHONEMICS OF STANDARD RUSSIAN
75
2.1.2.3. After a soft
consonant:
(1)
pretonically: [i],
[u].
Ex. öe^a [bida],
T I O K H
[tukj].
(2) in
other
positions:
[t], [ü].
Ex. JiecoBOfl [Itsavpt], nyryHOK [isügunpk].
(3) word-finally and before final [t]: [ l], [s], [ü].
Ex.
B H f l H T
[vfdtt], B H f l s r r [vj'dat], τ ι ρ ψ / τ [pfiitsüt].
2.2. S E M I V O W E L [j]
Ex.
rnea
[s^ia],
crpoio
[stroiü].
2.3.
C O N S O N A N T S
occlusives fricatives nasals laterals vibrants
bilabial
labiodental
apicodental
apicopalatal
dorsopalatal
dorsovelar
ρ ρ b b
t t d d
(0 (d)
k k g g
f f v v
s s z z
s s z z
j
χ χ γ γ
(m
rp)m m
(θ ή) η ή
(n)
(5)
(H) i i
(r i)
r f
Ex.:
oxuiyMeji [atsum^l], onyMeji [atsurii? ],
x a H H c a
[xanza], öyxrajiTep
[buyalttr], Β Ο Π Λ Β [νορϊ], J I H T P
[litf],
Π Β Ι Ο [pju], cteMica [sjpmka].
3.
PHONEMICS
3.1. V O W E L S
3.1.1. Phonemes (accented): / i / , /e/, /a/, /o/, /u/.
3.1.2. Archiphonemes (unaccented):
3.1.2.1.
(1) wordinitially,
(2) wordfinally an d be fore final /T/,
(3) after a hard consonant (not before final
/ j / : / t / ,
/a/,
/u/.
3.1.2.2. (1) be fore final / j / ,
(2) after a soft consonant (not wordfinally and not
before
f inal/T /):/ /,/U/.
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
4/11
76 F. H. H.
KORTLANDT
3.2. S E M I V O W E L /j/
3.3.
CONSONANTS
3.3.1.
Phonemes (before
a vowel)
labial p p b b f f v v mm
denta l t t d d s s z z n n 11 rf
palatal c
s z
velar k k g g χ χ
3.3.2.
Archiphonem.es of
H A R D
an d
S O F T
consonants
labial
p
b
f v m
dental t d s z n l I
palatal
velar k g χ
3.3.3. Archiphonemes
of V O I C E L E S S an d V O I C E D co nso na nts
labial
P P F
£
dental
T T S S
palatal
§
velar (K ) (K )
3.3.4.
Archiphonemes when b oth opposit ions are n eutralized
labial
P F
dental T §
palatal
velar
K
3.3.5.
Archiphoneme of
D E N T A L
an d
P A L A T A L fricatives
Σ
4. FLEXION OF THE
ADJECTIVE
4.1.
HOBtiä,
H O B O H
[npvai]
Hoeaa,
HOBoe
[npvaia]
HOBtie [npvyt] /npvti/
H O B H M
[npvym] /nqvtm /
H O B O M [ηφνοηι] /npvam/
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
5/11
PHONETICS AND PHONEMICS
OF STANDARD
RUSSIAN
4.2. JiexHHit,
JieTHee
[I?toti]
[ϊφίήΐρ]
[ϊ^ίήΐΐ]
/ietnla/
/I?tnli/
J I C T H H M ,
j ieTueM
[l^töim] /letnlm/
5 FLEXION OF THE SUBSTANTIVE
5.1. nojie [ρφϊϊ]
H O J I H
nojiro
5.2. snaHHe, s n a H H H [znamis] /znanla/
S H a H H H
[znamt]
/znanl i /
3HaHHÖ [znanti]
/znanlj/
4,
snaHHaM [znamjam]
/znanllm/
[skpto]
uiKOJie [skpli]
I I I K O J I O H
5.3. uiKOJia
5.4.
5.5.
apMH»
, Heflejie
/Skpll j /
[skptem] /Skplam/
[md^la]
/ ά ΐ α φ ΐ α /
fmd^it] /nld?h/
/nld?ll j/
a p M H H
apMHeö
[armiia] /armla/
[armtt] /armli/
[armvi]
/armlj/
[armui] /armllj/
[armtiam] /armllm/
6 NEUTRALIZATION
OF THE
OPPOSITION VOICELESS
:
VOICED
6.1.
Word-final
occlusives and
fricatives
are voiceless
Ex.:
npyr,
npyfl [prut] /pruT/, K O C , K O S [kos] /koS/.
6.2. Occlusives and fricatives are voiceless before voiceless sounds
Ex.:
ροδκο [rppka]
/ rofka/, B C C [fso] /Fso/,
K H H H C K a
[knjska]
/knjSka/.
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
6/11
78 F. H. H.
KORTLANDT
6.3. All sounds are voiced before
/b,
b, d,
d,
g, g, z, z, z/
Ex.: npocböa [prpzbs] /prpSba/, or^aji
fpddal] /oTdal/,
κ H H
[gzyn?] /K zme/.
JV..B.
N o
neutra l izat ion
before
/v,v,j/
Ex.:
T B O H X
[tvajx]
/tvajx/,
f lBoax
[dvajx] /dvajx/,
ntio [pju] /pju/,
6bio [bju] /b ju/.
7.
NEUTRALIZATION OF THE OPPOSITION HARD : SOFT
7.1. A ll
consonants
are soft before /j/
Ex.
:
m > K > [pju] /pju/, Jibio [Iju] /lju/, cteMica [sjpmks] / s jpmka/.
7.2. Wordfinal
velars are
hard
Ex.: C T H X [stix]
/Stix/.
7.3. Labials
and
velars
are hard
before
any
consonant
Ex.: rrrima
[ptjtsa]
/Pt}Tsa/, Kirara
[knjga]
/knjga/, B C Ö [fso] /pso/,
jierKHH
[Ipxktj] /Ipxklj/,
MCTHTB
[msiüt]
/mStiT/.
7.4. Dentals are hard before hard dentals/palatals
Ex.: C H M [sny] /sni/, H O S A H O [ppzns] /ρφζηα/, S J I O H [zloj] /zloj/,
[jizda] /jlSda/, KOManaa
[kamanda] /kamanda/,
N . B .
noJ i saTb
[pplzat] /pplzaT/, nojitsa [ppiza] /ρφϊζα/.
7.5. Dentals are soft before
soft
dentals/palatals
Ex.:
C T H X
[stix]
/Stix/,
3,aecb [zd"es]
/SdeS/,
cjie^
[slst]
/s leT/,
cner
[snsk]
/ sne K /,
öanzrHT
[bandjt] /bandjT/, K O H H H T b [k9nisit]
/konclT/, xeHmHHa [zenssfas]
ΛΓ.5. M O J I H H [maltsj] /malcj/, MajibnamKa fmaitsiSka]
/malcjSka/.
7.6. Dentals
are soft
before
soft
labials
Ex.: aBepb
[dvef]
/dver/,
C M C X [srhex] /srhex/, S M C H [zrhei] /zrhej/,
UBex [ίένεί] /T sv e T / .
Λ^.^.
No neutralization before hard labials
Ex.: H36a [izba] / iSba/, pe3b6a [fizba]
/rlSba/,
T b M a [tma]
/tma/.
7.7.
Dentals are
hard before
/r/ an d
/f/
£χ : T pH ftfi] / t f i / .
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
7/11
PHONETICS AN D PHONEMICS O F STANDARD R U S S I AN 79
7.8. r is hard before dentals/palatals
Ex.:
KapTHHa [kartjns]
/kart jna/,
jiapHHK
[lartslk]
/ larcIK/.
N.B. No
neutralization
before other
consonants
Ex.:
ropxa [gorka]
/gorka/, ropbKo
[gprks]
/gofka/,
K O P M H T B
[karmjit] /karm iT /,
T iopbMa [tufma] /tufma/.
7.9. and ff are soft within a morpheme but hard whenever
the
p h on e mi c units belong to d i f ferent morphemes
Ex.:
mima [pissa] /pj27sa/, B^esuiHÖ [vl̂ sssi]
/yle27-slj/,
c inyMOM
[Ssumam] /Σ sumam/,
esacy
[j^llü] /je-^zu/, acaceT [izot] /ΣζοΊ/
cacer [zzok] /17zoK./·
JV.1?. T he
realization
of
/ 2 Γ 6 /
is always
soft
j&c.: paaHocHHK [raznpssik] /Γαζορ^δΙΚ/,
Η3
nero [istsivp] \\Σ
clvp/.
S U M M A R I Z I N G :
T he
Opposition H A R D
:
S O F T
is N O T
neutral ized
(1) before a vowel,
(2) wordfinally (velars excepted),
(3) before velars and hard labials (dentals only),
(4 )
before
an y
consonant
th e
Opposition
/ / :
/ / .
8. NEUTRALIZATION OF THE OPPOSITION DENTAL: PALATAL
A p i c a l
fricatives
are palatal before palatals
Ex.:
see
under (7.9)
9.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL PECULIARITIES
9.1.
/
a n d d are not
pronounced
in
MecTH tiö [m^snaj],
npaaaHHK
[prazntk],
CHacxjiHBbiH
[ssisljvajl],
rojijiaHflCKHH
[galansktj],
[marksjsskti],
ceparte
[s^rtss],
a.o.
9.2.
s is not pronounced in pyccKHÖ
[ruskti],
HCKyccTso [iskustva],
a.o.
9.3. v is not
pronounced
in HyB crso
[tsustvs],
3flpaBCTB yö [zdrastvüj], a.o.
9.4.
/ is not
pronounced
in
coJimje
[s9ntsa].
9.5. s
and
s
are
both
pronounced in MyaccKoö
[musskpj],
[ts^sskij], etc.
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
8/11
80 F. H. H. KORTLANDT
9.6. cn is in most cases pronounced [tsn] but in some words [snj:
BeiHbiü
[v^tsnai], Hainy [natsnu], K O H C H H O
[skusna],
Haponno
[narosna].
9.7. it is in most cases pronounced [ist] but in some words [st]:
[pptsta], npoHxy
[praistu],
H T O Ö H ) [sto(by)],
H H H T O [mstp],
H C H T O
10. TEXT
Πθ
npHHHHaM
O KOTOpblX
HC
BpCMH
TCnepb
FOBOpHTb ΠΟΑροδΗΟ
Ά
A O j r a c e H
6b iJ i nocT ynnT b B JiaK en κ o f l H O M y neTepöyprcKOMy
no
c j m M H J i H H
Opjioßy. BBIJIO
eMy
O K O J I O Τ Ρ Η Α Ι Φ Τ Η Π Η Τ Η J I C T ,
H
e ro FeoprHeM HßantPieM.
K 3TOMy
OpJioBy
nocxynHJi
«
pa^n ero
oxu.a,
assecTHoro rocyflap-
CTBeHHoro
H e J i O B e K a ,
κοτοροΓΟ
C H H T a j i Ά ceptesHbiM sparoivr CBoero
Aejia.
Ά
pa9CMHTBiBaji, H T O , » C H B H y ctraa, n o paarosopaM, KOTopwe
ycjibimy, H
n o
öyiviaraM H aanncKaivt, KaKne
6ypy HaxoAHTb
Ha
cxone,
a B
Hsyny nuaHbi H HaMepeHHH oTii;a.
nacoB
B oflHHHafluaTb
yTpa
B
M O C H
jiaKeöcKOH
xpeiitan
3JieKTpHHecKHH 3 B O H O K , flaßa»
MHe
snaTb, HTO npocnyjica 6apHH.
Kor^a
a c BbiHHmeHHbiM
nnaxbeM
n canoraMH npüxoflHji B cnattbHio, reopmä
nenoABHacHo
B nocxejiH,
ae
sacnaHHbiö, a CKOpee
C H O M ,
H rjia,neji B
O A H y T O H K y ,
He BHKasbiBaa no
CBoero
npoöyxcaeHHa HHKaKoro yflOBOJibCTBua. Λ
noMoraji
eMy
ca,
a OH
H C O X O T H O
n o f lH H H a ji c a
M H e , MO jiia
H H e
satvien aa Moero npH cyx
.
Π Ο Τ Ο Μ ,
c
Μ οκροιο
οτ yMbieaHba T O J I O B O H H naxnymH H cseacHMH
,
OH
meji
B
cxojioByio
n H T b
κοφε .
OH
caaeji
sä
C T O J I O M , H H J I
κ ο φ ε
H n epejiHC T biBaji raaexbi, a a H r o p H H H H a a Ilojia n o H T H T C J i b n o cToajia y
Asepa
H C M O T p e ji H n a nero. flsa Bspocjibix nejioBeKa Α Ο Λ Κ Η Μ O H J I H c
CaMbIM Cepbe3HbIM BHHMaHHeM CMOTpeTb KaK TpCTHH Hb6T ΚΟΦ6 H
rpH36T cyxapHKH. 3το, n o Bcen BepoaTnocTH,
C M C U I H O
H A H K O , H O a n e
B H f l e j i
ajia ceöa nanero
yHHSHTejibHoro
B
T O M , ιτο
n p H X O f l H J i o c b CToaTb
O K O J I O
A B e p H ,
x o T a
6biJi T a K H M
ace
A B O P H H H H O M H
oöpasoßaHHbiM
HejioseKOM, KaK
caM
Opjios.
V Mena TorAa HaMHnajiacb naxoTKa, a c H C K » em e κοεπτο,
noacajiyö
noBaacnee laxoTKH. He
3Haio,
Π Ο Α B jr a a H H e M J I H
G o i i e s H H ,
H J I H
HaBuieöca nepeMeHw MHposo33peHHa, κοτοροο a
Toraa
H e
M H O I O
H3o A H a B A C H b
OBJiaAeßajia
CTpacraaa, paaApaacaHJmaa
, oöbisaTejibCKOH » C H S H H . M ne xoTejiocb
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
9/11
P H O N E T I C S A N D
PH O N E M I C S
O F
STAN D ARD RUSSIAN
81
Π Ο Κ Ο Η ,
aßopoBb«, xopomero BO3flyxa, C B I T O C T H . Ά cxaHOBHJica
H
KEK Μ6ΗΤΕΤ6Λϊ> HC
3HaJI HTO COÖCTBeHHO MHC
(Hs
Paccicasa HensBecTHoro HejioBeica
A.
Π .
Phonetic
transcription
[ps pf i i s jnam α katpryx ήι vr?ma
tip^r
gavafjit padrobn a ja
dplzan
b yl
pastupjit vlak^t k a d n a m u pttirburkskamü tsinpvmkü pa
famjfiu
arlpvü.
byla
jimu
pkste t f l t t sat j
pi t j
ist
t
zvalt
jivp
giiprgtiam
yvanytsam.
k?tamü
arlpvü pastupji ja radt
jivp attsa
izvesnsva
gasudarstvinava
tsttavfka
katpravs ssital
ja
sifJQznym
vragpm
βνφνφ
d t̂e.
ja
rassjtyval
sts zyva u syns pa razgavpram katpryi
usiysü
ι pg bumagam y zapjskam
kakjit
budü
naxadjit na
stcds
ja fpadrpbnastt izutsu plany ι narii^nmia
attsa.
abykn av?n n a tsispf vadjnattsat utra vmaipi }ak?iskai tf issal
iliktfji
tstskii zvanpk davaia mn e znat sta
prasnutss
ba f tn .
kagda
ja
svyisi
ssmym
platjam
y
sapctgarin
p f txadj l fspainü gtiprgti ivanyis sidfl
ntpadvjzna fpast?it m zaspanai
α
skaf^t utamlpnai snom
ι
ghd?l vadnu
tptskü ή ΐ
vykazyvaia
pa
ppvadü svaiivp prabuzd^oiia
ntkakpva
udavpl-
stvtia. ja pamagal jimu adivattsa α on maxptna pattsinalsa mns mpltsa
χ ήΐ zamitsaia maiivp pf isuts ivtia. patpm
smpkraiü
at umyvanja galavpi
ι paxnüssii sv^zymi duxaim on sol fstalpvüiü p'it kpf t. on sid^l za stalpm
pil kpf t t ptnljstyval gaz^ty a ja
ι gprmsnaia ppla patsijiitina
stai^lt
u
dv?ft ι smatf^it n a mvp. dva vzrpslyx istlav^ka dalzny
by l t
ssamym
stfjpznym vmmamiam
smatf^t
kak tf^iti
p jpt
kpft ι gryzpt suxanki.
fta
p a fsei vtraiatnastt smisnp ι djka n o ja n t vfdal dla siba ntts ivp unizjitti
nava ftom sta pfixadjlas stai^t pkala dv?ft xaia b yl takjm
za
dvaf injnam
ι
abrazpvanym
tstlav?kam
kak
sa m
arlpf.
u mm a tagda n atsmalas ts ixp tka α snfiü
jissp
kpjista pazalüi pavazo?i
tsixptkt. m znaiü pad νΐι^ήφηι ίΐ bai^znt
ι ΐ ΐ
natsinafsajsa ptf im^ny
miravazzf^mia katprai ja tagda ή ϊ zamttsal mnpiü
ιζα
dna vden
avladivala strasnaia razdrazaiüsstia zazda abyknav^nnaj abyvattiskaj
zyzm. mns xatslas dussvnava pakpia zdarpvja xarpsava vpzdüxa sytastt.
ja stanavjlsa mtistaitlam ι kak
mitstattl
m znal
sto sopsivma
m n s nuzna.]
Phonemic transcription
/pa pfIcjn am a katprix
nl
vf?ma tlp?f gavafjT padrpb n a ja dolzan
b vl
paStupiT
y
lak^i
k
adnamu pltlrburKSkamu
clnpynlku pa
famjllt
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
10/11
82 F. H. H.
K O RT L AN D T
arlovu. b j la jlmu okala t r lTTsat j p l t j
IeT
ι zvali jlvp glprgllm ivamclm.
k etamu
arlpvu
paStupjl ja radi jlvp aTTsa
izvesnava gasudar
Stvlnava cllaveka
katprava
27sltal
ja
sIrJ9zmm
yragom
svaivp
dela.
ja
ra27sitival
Sta
ztva
u
s jn a
pa
raSgavpram
katpru
usljsu
ι
ρα bumagam
ι zapjSkam kakj i budu naxadji na Stal? ja F padrpbnaStt izucu
plant
ι
ηαώφί ΐή ΐα
aTTsa.
abiknavenna
cIspF
v adjnaTTsai utra γ
moj?j lak^jSklj
trIZ'sal
lilKtfiöISklj ζναηφΚ davaja mn e znaT Sta prasnulsa b a fl n . kaKda ja s
vicIZsImm platjlm
ι
sapagami
p f lxad j l F Spalnu
glprglj ivamc sld?l
olpadvjzna F paSi?h ol zaSpanlj a Skaf^i utamlpnlj snom ι glldfl v
a d n u
tpcku
∆ Ι
vtkaztvaja pa
ppvadu
svaivp
prabu§d?Ma
nlkakpva
udavplStvIa.
ja pamagal jlmu
adlvaTsa
a on
nlaxptna paTcInalsa
mn e
mplca ι M zamlcaja maivp pflsuTStvIa. patpm s mpkraju at
umtvanja
galavpj ι paxnu2TsIj sv^zimi
duxami
on
so l
F
Stalpvuju
piT
kpf i . on
sld^l
za Stalgm pil
kpf i
ι plfl l jStival
gaz^ti
a ja ι gornlsnoja ρφία
pactjtlina Stajak u
dven
ι smatf^k na ήΐνφ . dva
Fztgslixcllav^kadalzni
btli S
samim
slrJQzmm vnlmanllm
smatr^l?
kaß. tf^tlj
pjoT
kgf i
ι
gnz^T
suxarlki. eta pa Fse j vlrajatnaSti smlsnp ι djka no ja
nl
vjdll
dla
slba
Mclvp unlzjtllnava
F tom Sta pflxadjlaS StajaT pkala dv?fi
xata
b il
takjm
za
dvaflo jn am
ι
abrazpvamm
cllav^kam
kaK.
sa m
arlpF.
u
m l n a
taß.da naölnalaS cIxpTka
a s neju
jI27sp kpt-Sta
pazalUj
ραναζήφι cIxpTki.
nl znaju pad
vllanllm
h
balezm
ili nacInaFsI jsa
p l f lmeni
mlravaSzfenla
katorlj
ja
taKda
nl
zamlcal
mn p ju
ιζα dna
F den ayladlvala §trasnaja
raSdrazajU^TsIa
za§da a b i k n a v e n n l j
abivatllSklj
zjzm. mne
xaielaS dusevnava pakpja Sdarpyja xarpsava
vpSduxa sjtaSii. ja Stanavjlsa mlctailllm ι kaK mlctatll nl znal Sto
spPStvIna
mne nuzna./
Amsterdam
REFERENCES
B.
Malmberg,
La phonetique (=
Que
saisje No.
637)
(Paris, 1970
8
).
A.
Cohen
et alii Fonologie van
het
Neder lands en het Fries
(The
Hague, 196l
2
).
E.
Alarcos Llorach, Fonologia
espanola I
(Madrid, 1965
4
).
N. S. Trubetzkoy,
Grundzüge der Phänologie
(Prague,
1939).
P. H. AsaHecoB, Φο π β η ακ α coepeMemozo
pyccKOzo
au m e pam ypn ozo nsbma (Moscow,
1956).
M. B.
IlaH OB,
PyccKaa
φοηβηι ι ικα
(Moscow,
1967).
C. K. fflayMflH, Π ρ ο β Μ Μ ί ι
meopemmecKOÜ Φ Ο Η Ο Λ Ο Ζ Η Ι *
(Moscow, 1962).
M. Halle,
The
Sound Pattern
of
Russian
(The
Hague,
1959).
E. Öuroviö, Paradigmatika spisovnej ruStiny (Bratislava, 1964).
H. Kuöera, The Phonology of
Czech (The Hague, 1961).
R.
Jakobson
and M. Halle,
Fundamentals ofLanguage
(The Hague, 1956).
-
8/18/2019 4 Phonetics and Phonemics of Standard Russian [Tijdschrift Voor Slavische Taal- En Letterkunde 2 73-83] 1973
11/11
PHONETICS AND PHONEMICS OF STANDARD RUSSIAN 83
R.
Jakobson,
C. G.
Fant,
and M.
Halle, Preliminaries to
Speech A nalysis
(Cambridge,
Mass., 1965 ).
M.
Halle, Phonology
in
Generative
Grammar ,
Word,
18
(1962), 54-72.
N.
Chomsky,
Current Issues
in Linguistic
Theory
(The Hague, 1964), 65-110.
C. L. Ebeling,
On
Accent
in Dutch and the
Phoneme
/g/ , Lingua 21
(1968),
135-43.
F. Danes, Sentence
Intonation
from a
Functional Point
of
View , Word,
16 (1960),
34-54.