4. project proposal planning (marks:14) filetotal demand forecasting 3. company sales forecasting...
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4. Project proposal planning(Marks:14)
9. 7-M resources & their management
4. Project proposal planning(Marks:14)
9. 7-M resources & their management
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Topics1. 7-M resources2. Marketing3. Market survey4. Financial management5. Financial statement
1. 7-M resources2. Marketing3. Market survey4. Financial management5. Financial statement
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1. 7-M resourcesProject cost1. Fixed assets2. Working capital margin3. Pre- operative expencesEx. 6 lacs +3 lac + 1 lac = 10 lacsFunds:1. Equity funds2. Debt funds
Project cost1. Fixed assets2. Working capital margin3. Pre- operative expencesEx. 6 lacs +3 lac + 1 lac = 10 lacsFunds:1. Equity funds2. Debt funds
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Output = Input + value additionSelling price = (Raw material+ labour) + profitRs 400 = ( 200 + 50) Rs + 150 Rs
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Marketing
2 primary function of any business activities:1. Manufacturing 2. MarketingMarketing -Definitions:Specialized activity which brings together aproducer & consumer (or buyer)Characteristics of marketingImportance of marketing
2 primary function of any business activities:1. Manufacturing 2. MarketingMarketing -Definitions:Specialized activity which brings together aproducer & consumer (or buyer)Characteristics of marketingImportance of marketing
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4 p’s of marketing:
1. Product2. Price3. Place4. Promotion
1. Product2. Price3. Place4. Promotion
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1. ProductBundle of satisfaction Product = aesthetic value +
Esteem value+emotional value
Product have 4 phase in life1. Introduction2. Growth3. Saturation4. Decline
Bundle of satisfaction Product = aesthetic value +
Esteem value+emotional value
Product have 4 phase in life1. Introduction2. Growth3. Saturation4. Decline
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2. Price
Floor limit – cost of productionCeiling limit- customer price beyond they can
not want to pay.Customer surplus
Floor limit – cost of productionCeiling limit- customer price beyond they can
not want to pay.Customer surplus
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3. Place or channel of distribution Channels:Producer Agent Whole-sellerRetailer Consumer1. Zero link P → C2. Single link P → A → C3. Two links P → W → R → C4. Three links: P → A → W → R → C Channel selection based on- Productions - Markets- Products -Intermediaries-No. of customer to be serve
Channels:Producer Agent Whole-sellerRetailer Consumer1. Zero link P → C2. Single link P → A → C3. Two links P → W → R → C4. Three links: P → A → W → R → C Channel selection based on- Productions - Markets- Products -Intermediaries-No. of customer to be serve
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4. PromotionActivity in promotion:Introduction of productsEntering new marketIncreasing consumption of existing customerGrabbing higher market salesConsideration:
1. Target audience2. Development of favorable attitude- By AIDA process (Attention, Interest, Desire,Action)
Activity in promotion:Introduction of productsEntering new marketIncreasing consumption of existing customerGrabbing higher market salesConsideration:
1. Target audience2. Development of favorable attitude- By AIDA process (Attention, Interest, Desire,Action)
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3. Construction of message“I get want I want”Incentive like“25% more in same price”“ 2 get 1 free”4. Media selection-Television-Internet-News paper- Paper note-Radio-Poster in road side5. Follow up-Maintaining customer
3. Construction of message“I get want I want”Incentive like“25% more in same price”“ 2 get 1 free”4. Media selection-Television-Internet-News paper- Paper note-Radio-Poster in road side5. Follow up-Maintaining customer
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Market surveyFor information:1. Environmental Forecasting2. Total demand forecasting3. Company sales forecasting
Methods of market survey:1.Primary survey- (actual)2. Secondary survey
For information:1. Environmental Forecasting2. Total demand forecasting3. Company sales forecasting
Methods of market survey:1.Primary survey- (actual)2. Secondary survey
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Method of collection of primary information
1. Survey of buyers intention2. Sales force opinion3. Expert opinion
a. Group discussionb. Pooling of individual estimatec. Delphi method
4. Market test method5. Time series analysis ( Trend, Cycle, Season, Erraticevents-Independent variable)
6. Statistical demand analysis
1. Survey of buyers intention2. Sales force opinion3. Expert opinion
a. Group discussionb. Pooling of individual estimatec. Delphi method
4. Market test method5. Time series analysis ( Trend, Cycle, Season, Erraticevents-Independent variable)
6. Statistical demand analysis
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Financial managementTerminologyMacro terminology1. Capital market- Long term- Equity share, Debenture, Bonds2. Money market -less then 1 year
- Certi of Deposite, Treasury bill, Comm. Paper
3. Primary market- used for capital formation
4. Secondary market – stock(Share) market
-Financial securities like share, debenture, bonds- 22 regional share market, NSE, OTCEI.5. Financial intermediaries
TerminologyMacro terminology1. Capital market- Long term- Equity share, Debenture, Bonds2. Money market -less then 1 year
- Certi of Deposite, Treasury bill, Comm. Paper
3. Primary market- used for capital formation
4. Secondary market – stock(Share) market
-Financial securities like share, debenture, bonds- 22 regional share market, NSE, OTCEI.5. Financial intermediaries
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Micro terminology1. Project cost2. Means of financing project cost3. Fixed assets- Land, Building, Furniture, Vehicle, Machine-Patent, Trademark, copyright, Franchisee-Wasting asset like mine, Quarries, oil -wells4. Current assets5. Operating cycle6. Equity funds7. Debt funds8. Cost of production & cost per unit9. Sales & selling price per unit10. Fixed cost11. Variable cost12. Break even point-BEP (In next chapter)
Micro terminology1. Project cost2. Means of financing project cost3. Fixed assets- Land, Building, Furniture, Vehicle, Machine-Patent, Trademark, copyright, Franchisee-Wasting asset like mine, Quarries, oil -wells4. Current assets5. Operating cycle6. Equity funds7. Debt funds8. Cost of production & cost per unit9. Sales & selling price per unit10. Fixed cost11. Variable cost12. Break even point-BEP (In next chapter)
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Fixed cost:
Variable cost:Variable cost:
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13. Cost, volume , profit analysis-CVPanalysis ( in Next chapter)
14. Cost of capital-COC15. Rate of return on investments-ROI16. Liquidity17. Asset turnover ratio18. Debt-Equity ratio19. Debt service coverage ratio-DSCR
13. Cost, volume , profit analysis-CVPanalysis ( in Next chapter)
14. Cost of capital-COC15. Rate of return on investments-ROI16. Liquidity17. Asset turnover ratio18. Debt-Equity ratio19. Debt service coverage ratio-DSCR
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20. Fund flow statement-FFS21.Cash flow statement22. Interest23. Dividend24. EPS-Earning per share
20. Fund flow statement-FFS21.Cash flow statement22. Interest23. Dividend24. EPS-Earning per share
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Financial statement1. Profit & Loss statement
2 Types:1. T- form2. Vertical formT-form
- 3 stage1. Gross profit or
loss2. Net profit or loss3. Net profit=
Dividend +reinvestment
2 Types:1. T- form2. Vertical formT-form
- 3 stage1. Gross profit or
loss2. Net profit or loss3. Net profit=
Dividend +reinvestment
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2. Balance sheet
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6 Paper-Dec 2014, May 2015, Dec 2015, May 2016,Dec 2016, May-2018
2 marks1. Write any 4 method of collection of primaryinformation. (same as 6)
2. Difference between primary & secondary market.(same as 8)
3. Give the examples of fixed assets.
6 Paper-Dec 2014, May 2015, Dec 2015, May 2016,Dec 2016, May-2018
2 marks1. Write any 4 method of collection of primaryinformation. (same as 6)
2. Difference between primary & secondary market.(same as 8)
3. Give the examples of fixed assets.
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3-4 marks:1. Explain in short the 7-M Resources. (3)2. Define the term Marketing (3) and state its importance (2)3. State characteristics of marketing.4. Explain 4p’s concept of marketing.(3)
5. State need for market survey.(2)6. List various method of market survey(1)
-Explain various method of market survey.(1)
7. State macro terminology under financial management andexplain primary market & secondary market.(2)8. Explain the difference between fixed cost and variable cost.
-Explain 1. Fixed cost & 2. Variable cost
9. Explain balance sheet.
3-4 marks:1. Explain in short the 7-M Resources. (3)2. Define the term Marketing (3) and state its importance (2)3. State characteristics of marketing.4. Explain 4p’s concept of marketing.(3)
5. State need for market survey.(2)6. List various method of market survey(1)
-Explain various method of market survey.(1)
7. State macro terminology under financial management andexplain primary market & secondary market.(2)8. Explain the difference between fixed cost and variable cost.
-Explain 1. Fixed cost & 2. Variable cost
9. Explain balance sheet.
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CHAPTER 10.PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION
CHAPTER 10.PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION
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Project Planning
Definition:-It is a detailed planning covering every aspectof business investment.- In this , Project plan will be generated.- In project, Huge certain initial investment will
be necessary with uncertain benefit so projectplanning is required.
Definition:-It is a detailed planning covering every aspectof business investment.- In this , Project plan will be generated.- In project, Huge certain initial investment will
be necessary with uncertain benefit so projectplanning is required.
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Details included in Project Report1. General information2. Product related details3. Location & shed related details4. Machine, equipment & technology5. Cost of project & Means of financing project
cost6. Demand & market condition7. Financial details: Projected operating details, at
least for coming 3 to 5 years8. Projected financial statement (at least for
coming 3 to 5 years)9. Overall evaluation
1. General information2. Product related details3. Location & shed related details4. Machine, equipment & technology5. Cost of project & Means of financing project
cost6. Demand & market condition7. Financial details: Projected operating details, at
least for coming 3 to 5 years8. Projected financial statement (at least for
coming 3 to 5 years)9. Overall evaluation
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Feasibility StudyProject report in 3 phase;1. Preliminary study2. Feasibility study3. DPR- Detail project reportIt is strategic study which tests whether
creative business ideal is worth implementingor not.Need for 2 decision;1. Product will be producible or not.2. Project is beneficial or not.
Project report in 3 phase;1. Preliminary study2. Feasibility study3. DPR- Detail project reportIt is strategic study which tests whether
creative business ideal is worth implementingor not.Need for 2 decision;1. Product will be producible or not.2. Project is beneficial or not.
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Types or stages of feasibility study1. Technical feasibility2. Marketing feasibility3. Commercial feasibility4. Financial feasibility
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BEP analysis
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• Equation from BEP:1. Profit = (S-V) Q + Total Fix cost
Where, S= Selling price per unitV= Variable cost per unitQ= Quantity
2. Contribution per unit = S-V3. 4. BEP (in unit) = Total Fix Cost / Contribution per
unit4. BEP (in Rs.) = Total FC * S/ C per unit
• Equation from BEP:1. Profit = (S-V) Q + Total Fix cost
Where, S= Selling price per unitV= Variable cost per unitQ= Quantity
2. Contribution per unit = S-V3. 4. BEP (in unit) = Total Fix Cost / Contribution per
unit4. BEP (in Rs.) = Total FC * S/ C per unit
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Stages of project planning1. Project Identification- Creativity & Innovation- Modernization- Reinvestment- Diversification2. Project formulation-More expensive- Preliminary study report & Feasibility study3. Project evaluation- For financial information- Production cost related- Profit or loss4. Project implementation- Construction Time report- Trial production time analysis report5. Post implementation audit- - It is inbetween analysis
1. Project Identification- Creativity & Innovation- Modernization- Reinvestment- Diversification2. Project formulation-More expensive- Preliminary study report & Feasibility study3. Project evaluation- For financial information- Production cost related- Profit or loss4. Project implementation- Construction Time report- Trial production time analysis report5. Post implementation audit- - It is inbetween analysis
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CVP analysis
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PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
It is used for deal with Govt. & private party.Used for registration & license.Primary report of 1 or 2 pagesIt is necessary for establishment of business in
initial stage.Same as detail report stucture.
It is used for deal with Govt. & private party.Used for registration & license.Primary report of 1 or 2 pagesIt is necessary for establishment of business in
initial stage.Same as detail report stucture.
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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT1. Promoter profile2. Project profile3. Fixed assets4. Working capital margin5. Total project cost6. Means of financing7. Total production cost8. Projected sales9. Projected profit & loss account10. Financial analysis11. Assumption about project12. Social contribution of project
1. Promoter profile2. Project profile3. Fixed assets4. Working capital margin5. Total project cost6. Means of financing7. Total production cost8. Projected sales9. Projected profit & loss account10. Financial analysis11. Assumption about project12. Social contribution of project
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2 MARKS1. State the meaning of the project planning.2. List stages of project planning.3. Draw the diagram of break-even point showing various
cost.3-4 MARKS1. State different stages of the Project planning. (2)
2. List the details included in project report.(3)3. Write short note on the Feasibility study of any project. (2)
4. Explain CVP analysis.5. Write short note on break even analysis.(2)
6. What is PPR & DPR? Explain in brief.7. Short note on detailed project report - DPR.
2 MARKS1. State the meaning of the project planning.2. List stages of project planning.3. Draw the diagram of break-even point showing various
cost.3-4 MARKS1. State different stages of the Project planning. (2)
2. List the details included in project report.(3)3. Write short note on the Feasibility study of any project. (2)
4. Explain CVP analysis.5. Write short note on break even analysis.(2)
6. What is PPR & DPR? Explain in brief.7. Short note on detailed project report - DPR.