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4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL) Candidate name: __________Example Fol____________________ Criteria To standard Not to standard yet 1 st Submission To standard Not to standard 2 nd Submission Tutor feedback and resubmission guidance if necessary Tutor feedback Part A Comment on the learners’ backgrounds Comment on the learners’ motivations Comment on the learners’ learning preferences Use written language that is clear, accurate and appropriate to the task Grade for part A Tutor(s) signature(s) and date: Pass Resubmit Double marked (if applicable) Tutor(s) signature(s) and date: Pass Fail Part B Identify learners’ strengths Identify one grammar problem with at least two pieces of evidence Select one appropriate activity to address the grammar problem and provide a rationale Identify one pronunciation problem with at least two pieces of evidence Select one appropriate activity to address the pronunciation problem and provide a rationale At least one of the two activities is from a published ELT source Correctly use terminology relating to language systems and skills Use written language that is clear, accurate and appropriate to the task Overall word count of 7501000 Overall comments: Overall grade Tutor(s) signature(s) and date Pass Resubmit Double marked (if applicable) Tutor(s) signature(s) and date: Pass Fail NB *Please use the same cover sheet for submitting all parts and resubmissions of your FOL. Thank you!

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4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL)  Candidate  name:  __________Example  Fol____________________                                                                                                            Criteria  

To  stand

ard  

Not  to

 stan

dard  yet   1st  Submission  

To  stand

ard  

Not  to

 stan

dard  

2nd  Submission  

Tutor  feedback  and  resubmission  guidance  if  necessary  

Tutor  feedback    

Part  A              Comment  on  the  learners’  backgrounds    

           

Comment  on  the  learners’  motivations          

Comment  on  the  learners’  learning  preferences  

       

Use  written  language  that  is  clear,  accurate  and  appropriate  to  the  task  

       

Grade  for  part  A  Tutor(s)  signature(s)  and  date:  

Pass  

Resubm

it   Double  marked  (if  applicable)  Tutor(s)  signature(s)  and  date:  

Pass  

Fail  

 

Part  B              Identify  learners’  strengths              

Identify  one  grammar  problem  with  at  least  two  pieces  of  evidence  

           

Select  one  appropriate  activity  to  address  the  grammar  problem  and  provide  a  rationale  

           

Identify  one  pronunciation  problem  with  at  least  two  pieces  of  evidence  

           

Select  one  appropriate  activity  to  address  the  pronunciation  problem  and  provide  a  rationale  

           

At  least  one  of  the  two  activities  is  from  a  published  ELT  source  

           

Correctly  use  terminology  relating  to  language  systems  and  skills  

           

Use  written  language  that  is  clear,  accurate  and  appropriate  to  the  task  

           

Overall  word  count  of  750-­‐1000              Overall  comments:              Overall  grade  Tutor(s)  signature(s)  and  date  

Pass  

Resubm

it  

Double  marked  (if  applicable)  Tutor(s)  signature(s)  and  date:  

Pass  

Fail  

 

NB  *Please  use  the  same  cover  sheet  for  submitting  all  parts  and  resubmissions  of  your  FOL.  Thank  you!

4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL) Example  Assignment:  Part  A-­‐  Learners’  backgrounds  Category    (Please  omit  this  column  from  your  word  count)  

Write  here  in  prose.      (Note,  if  you  are  handwriting  this  assignment,  you  will  need  to  use  more  space  to  reach  the  word  count  and  the  required  level  of  depth.)  

Trainer  comments  (leave  blank)  

Learners’  backgrounds  (age,  occupation,  nationality,  languages,  education,  etc.)  

 The  class  is  an  upper-­‐intermediate  level  group  who  are  studying  general  English  for  10  hours  per  week.  It  is  a  multi-­‐lingual  group  with  three  Spanish  speakers,  two  Arabic  speakers,  a  Russian  speaker,  a  Hungarian  speaker,  a  Chinese  speaker  and  two  Japanese  speakers.  They  range  in  age  from  19  to  47  years  old.  Some  students  have  been  in  the  UK  for  over  10  years  and  plan  to  stay  (e.g.  Aleksander,  Summer  and  Nuri)  but  others  are  here  more  temporarily  to  improve  their  English  for  a  few  months  (e.g.  Khadhija,  Gabor  and  Takeshi).  The  majority  of  the  group  started  learning  English  in  school  so  have  been  learning  for  an  average  of  eight  and  a  half  years  already.  For  all  but  two  of  the  learners,  English  is  their  second  language  whereas  for  Khadhija,  who  already  speaks  French  and  Arabic  fluently,  and  Mario,  who  speaks  Spanish  and  a  bit  of  Italian,  it  is  their  third.      The  group  comprises  of  a  variety  of  different  professions  for  example,  Takeshi  is  an  engineering  student,  Emilia  owns  her  own  graphic  design  business,  Aleksander  is  currently  a  barista  but  is  a  qualified  architect  in  his  own  country,  Nuri  and  Summer  are  stay  at  home  parents,  Mario  is  a  journalist  and  Khadhija  is  a  full  time  English  student.    

 

Learners’  motivations  

Their  motivations  include  integrative,  instrumental  and  extrinsic.  Khadhija  is  taking  the  FCE  exam  next  month  and  particularly  wants  to  improve  her  speaking  score  so  has  extrinsic  motivation.  Aleksander  is  here  to  improve  his  job  prospects  so  could  be  said  to  have  instrumental  motivation,  whereas  Khadhija  really  wants  to  make  English  speaking  friends,  from  around  the  world,  so  could  be  said  to  have  integrative  motivation.  Other  reasons  for  learning  English  amongst  the  group  included  “to  be  able  to  read  medical  journals  in  English”,  “to  be  able  to  help  my  son  with  his  English  homework”  and  “to  be  able  to  meet  English  people  in  the  pub”!    

 

The  group’s  learning  preferences  and  rationale  

 In  terms  of  learning  preferences,  all  students  seem  to  enjoy  working  together  in  pairs  /  groups,  though  Gabor  is  sometimes  reluctant  to  work  with  his  partner  until  he  has  a  full  understanding  himself.  This  would  make  him  seem  a  little  intolerant  of  ambiguity  and  quite  an  independent  learner.  Emilia  enjoys  pair  work  but  will  only  contribute  to  whole  class  stages  if  she  is  specifically  nominated,  so  I’d  say  she  is  less  of  a  risk-­‐taker  and  perhaps  more  accuracy  focused  since  she  doesn’t  like  to  make  mistakes  in  front  of  the  whole  class.  The  group  in  general  is  quite  serious  and  focused.  They  ask  lots  of  questions  about  grammar  and  vocabulary,  and  enjoy  controlled  practice  activities.  They  like  visual  activities  and  are  keen  to  see  new  language  written  on  the  board  to  help  with  spelling  and  accuracy.  They  enjoy  problem-­‐solving  tasks  as  evidenced  by  their  reaction  to  the  “alibi”  game  on  the  first  day.  They  react  well  to  drilling  and  seem  keen  to  improve  their  pronunciation.    Word  Count  for  Part  A:    476  words  

 

     

4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL)  Part  B  -­‐  Learners’  language  abilities  and  needs  Learner  strengths  (skills  and  systems)  

In  general,  the  learners  in  this  group  have  a  strong  ability  to  express  themselves  verbally  and  overall  have  a  high  degree  of  speaking  fluency.  Their  grammatical  knowledge  is  generally  good  for  the  level,  though  they  still  sometimes  make  errors  when  applying  it.  Other  strengths  vary  within  the  group:  Aleksander  is  much  better  in  writing  than  speaking  as  he  needs  more  time  to  think  to  express  himself  accurately;  Summer  has  a  very  extensive  vocabulary  and  communicates  well  but  makes  lots  of  grammatical  errors.    They  are  very  earnest  and  committed  to  learning,  asking  lots  of  questions  and  spending  time  studying  English  outside  of  class.    

Grammar  problem     Past  simple  tense    At  least  two  examples  of  the  error  and  their  corrections.    

Most  learners  in  the  class  have  made  slips  with  this  tense,  using  the  bare  infinitive  instead  of  the  past  simple.    1)  In  a  written  activity,  Junko  wrote  “When  I  first  arrive  in  America…”  She  should  have  written  “When  I  first  arrived  in  America”    2)  During  her  interview,  Carmen  said  “Last  night  we  see  a  show  in  theater”.    She  should  have  said  “we  saw  a  show  at  (the)  theater”  

Material     “Pictures  into  story”  in  Grammar  Practice  Activities  (Ur,  1998:  p215).  See  appendix  1.  Brief  description  of  the  activity  and  Justification  for  choice  for  these  learners.  

In  this  activity,  students  receive  a  set  of  pictures,  order  the  pictures  as  they  like,  then  write  the  story.  This  group  seems  to  enjoy  collaborative  and  problem  solving  tasks  so  it  suits  their  learning  preferences.  Although  some  of  them  prefer,  and  are  stronger  in,  spoken  activities,  this  written  follow-­‐up  would  help  them  develop  written  accuracy,  which  is  a  main  goal  in  learning  English  for  a  few  of  the  learners,  particularly  Kenny  and  Junko.    Mario’s  job  as  a  journalist  means  that  a  written  activity  would  be  suited  to  his  English  learning  needs  as  well”.  

Pronunciation  Example:  Pronunciation  problem     /l/  vs/r/  sounds    At  least  two  examples  of  the  error  and  their  corrections.    

The  Japanese  and  Chinese  speakers  in  my  group  struggle  most  with  this  issue.    In  her  interview,  Summer  struggled  to  correctly  produce  accurate  /l/  sounds.  She  said,  for  example,  “I  like  (/raɪk/) to  shopping”.  She  should  have  said  I  like  shopping  “I  /laɪk/  (-­‐)  shopping”.  In  a  class  about  personal  finances,  Takeshi  said  “I  have  little  (/rɪtər/)  money  for  go  out.”      I  have  little  (/ lɪtəl/) money  for  go(ing)  out”

Material      “Pronunciation  Journey”  from  Pronunciation  Games  (Hancock,  1995:  p36).  See  appendix  2.    

Justification  for  choice   This  is  a  discrimination  exercise  in  which  learners  must  listen  and  check  the  correct  word  from  a  minimal  pair,  e.g.  light  or  right  to  ensure  arrival  in  the  correct  city.  To  include  other  members  of  the  group,  the  examples  could  be  adapted  to  focus  on  sounds  that  they  struggle  with,  e.g.  /b/  vs  /p/  (bat  vs  pat)  for  the  Arabic  speakers,  (Smith,  2001:  197)  and  /b/  and  /v/  (best  vs  vest)  for  the  Spanish  speakers,  (Coe,  2001:  93).  I  would  make  sure  groups  contained  a  mix  of  learners  whose  own  languages  are  different.    This  group  seems  to  respond  well  to  pronunciation  work  and  will  benefit  from  seeing  phonemes  written  down  for  visual  support,  making  this  an  appropriate  activity  for  this  class.    

Word  count:  350  –  500  words  NB  Total  word  count  for  Parts  A  and  B  must  be  750-­‐1000  words  

Part  B:  483  words  

Total  Part  A  and  Part  B:  959  words  

Bibliography  • Coe,  N.  (2001)  ‘Speakers  of  Spanish  and  Catalan’  in  Swan,  M.  and  Smith,  B.  (eds)  Learner  English:  A  teacher’s  

guide  to  interference  and  other  problems  (2nd  edition),  CUP  pp90-­‐112  

• Hancock,  M.  (1995)  Pronunciation  Games,  Cambridge,  CUP  

• Smith,  B.  (1987)  ‘Arabic  speakers’  in  Swan,  M.  and  Smith,  B.  (eds)  (1987)  Learner  English:  A  teacher’s  guide  to  interference  and  other  problems  (2nd  edition),  CUP  pp195  –  213  

• Ur,  P.  (1998)  Grammar  Practice  Activities  –  A  practical  guide  for  teachers,  Cambridge,  CUP  

4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL)        Appendix  1:  Ur,  P  (1998)  Grammar  Practice  Activities  –  A  practical  guide  for  teachers,  Cambridge,  CUP  p215  -­‐  217    

 

   

4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL)  Appendix  2: Hancock,M.  (1995)  Pronunciation  Games,  Cambridge  CUP  p36-­‐37

4.1 Focus on the Learner (FOL)