4135502 stereoscopic patterns and method

8/6/2019 4135502 Stereoscopic Patterns and Method

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[54] STEREOSCOPIC PATI'ERNS AND METHODO F M AK IN G SA ME[76] Inventor: Donald Peck, 23219 Lake Rd., BayVillage, Ohio 44140[21] AppI. No.: 720,572[22] Filed: Sep. 7, 1976[51] Int.0.2 A61H 5/00[52] U.S.o 128176.5; 350/130;351/33[58] Field of Search 128/76.5; 40/137; 132 B,40/36, 106.53, 106.51; 351/1-3, 13, 33;350/130, 144;354/113; 235/487, 490[56] References Oted

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS7S9,229

1,9SS,27S2,035,m2,114,0602,391,2482,603,1243,143,6423,226,867

5/19044/19343/19364/193812/19457/19S28/19641/1966

B ech to ld et at 40/132 BDraper 3S4/113Silverstein . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 128n6.5Oakley 351 /3 XKoch 3S1/3Richa rds 351 /33Compare 235/487Newton 350/144 X

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS17229 of 1899 United K ingdom 128n6.S

OTHER PUBLICATIONSBauch and Lomb Stereoscopic Test Chart 1926.Primary Examiner-Robert W. MichellAssistant Examiner-Michael H.ThalerAttorney, Agent, orFirm-Bosworth, Sessions &McCoy[57] ABSTRACI'Stereoscopic patterns are disclosed which have a multi-plicity of representations on a backing, with the repre-sentations spaced apart in substantially horizontal rows.The spacing between pairs of adjacent representations isvaried to produce a stereoscopic effect. The resultingpattern is continuous, eliminating the ghost images asso-ciated with prior art stereoscopic pictures. The repre-sentations may be identical, may be varied shapesformed of identical elements, or may be a sequentialseries of perspective views of the same subject. Thepatterns may be viewed stereoscopically in either oftwo manners: by diverging or straightening one's line ofvision while holding the pattern relatively close, or byconverging or crossing one's line of vision while hold-ing the pattern relatively far away. When viewed in thefirst manner, the patterns simulate distance vision whilebeing held close-up, providing relaxing viewing to theeyes of one engaged in close work.

19 Claims, 16 Drawing Figures

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u.s. Patent Jan. 23, 1979. Sheet 9 of 9 4,135,502

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1 4,135,502 2BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA WINOSSTEREOSCOPIC PATI'ERNS AND METHOD OFMAKING SAME FlO. 1 is a schematic view showing the stereoscopiceffect of the patterns when viewed with a diverging or5 straight line of sight.FlO. 2 is a schematic view similar to FlO. 1 showingthe stereoscopic effect of the patterns when viewed

"cross-eyed" with a converging line of sight.FlO. 3 is a perspective view of a pattern with a refer-10 ence frame used as an aid when viewing the pattern inthe manner shown in FlO. 2.It has been known in the art that pictures can be FlO. 4 is a simple stereoscopic pattern produced inproduced with a stereoscopic or three-dimensional ef- accordance with the present invention similar to thatfect by providing two separate two-dimensional pic- shown schematically in FlOS. 1 and 2.tures, one of which is viewed by the left eye and the 15 FlO. 5 is another more complex stereoscopic patternother viewed by the right eye. These stereoscopic pic- produced in accordance with the present invention.tures are commonly viewed by looking through a FlO. 6 is another stereoscopic pattern employingviewer or by projection onto a screen to be viewed with representations formed in straight and curved lines.special polarized glasses. Examples of such stereoscopic FlOS. 7 and 8 are schematic views iIInstrating the usepictures can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,144,253, 20 of a sliding transparent overlay to produce a moving2,560,658 and 2,798,326. . depth effect.

The picture shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,144,253 is typi- FIOS. 9 and 10 are schematic views iIInstrating an-cal of prior art stereoscopic pictures. While this picture other manner of viewing the patterns with a doubleis specifically designed to be looked at through a overlap of representations.viewer, one can with ptacticeview the picture directly 25 FlO. 11 is a stereoscopic pattern produced in accor-by holding the picture relatively close to one's eyes dance with the present invention demonstrating a possi-while aiming one's vision at a distance. so that the left ble double overlap of representations aided with a tran-eye sees the left picture and the right eye sees the right sition row of representations.picture, the two pictures thus merging to form a stereo- FlO. 12 is a schematic view illustrating the use ofscopic image. This form of stereoscopic picture, how- 30 various colors of the pattern to produce a mixing colorever, bas several disadvantages. Viewing the picture or vibration effect.not-only produces a stereoscopic image, but also pro- FlO. 13 is a stereoscopic pattern produced in accor-duces two ghost images one on each side of the stereo- dance with the present invention using representationsscopic image. In addition, the viewer must focus his of a sequential series of perspective views of the sameeyesight precisely on the two pictures, and if hi s eyes 35 subject.stray, he will lose the stereoscopic effect. FlO. 14 is a schematic view illustrating a method ofSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION producing the sequential series of perspective views ofthe subject of FlO. 13.It is an object of the present invention to provide a FlO. 15 is a schematic view illustrating anotherstereoscopic pattern which is continuous and thereby 40 method of producing a sequential series of perspectiveeliminates the ghost images associated with the prior art views.stereoscopic pictures. Another object is to produce a FlO. 16 is another stereoscopic pattern produced instereoscopic pattern which can be viewed in any of accordance with the present invention.three ways: by holding the pattern at a distance andcrossing the eyes and converging the line of sight, by 45holding the pattern relatively close to the eyes andviewing with a straight or diverging line of sight, or by Referring more particularly to the drawings and ini-viewing ordinarily without stereoscopic effect. Yet tiaIly to FIOS. 1 and 2, there are shown schematicanother object is to provide a stereoscopic pattern views of a pattern 10 produced in accordance with thewhich can be viewed close-up while simulating distant S O present invention and two manners of viewing the pat-viewing, thereby relaxing the eyes of one who is en- tern to produce a stereoscopic effect. The pattern 10gaged in work requiring continuous close vision. shown for the purposes of illustration in FIOS. 1 and 2.These and other objects are accomplished by the comprises a backing 11 with rows of horizontallypresent invention of stereoscopic patterns and the spaced representations, such as dots 12. The spacingmethod of making same. The patterns employ a multi- 55 between each pair of adjacent dots 12is varied from theplicity of representations spaced substantially horizon- corresponding spacing between the other pairs of adja-tally with different spacing between pairs of adjacent cent dots. The pattern 10shown schematically in FIOS.representations to produce a stereoscopic effect. In 1 and 2 is produced in FlO. 4.effect, the pattern places adjacent pairs of stereo pic- As shown in FlO. 1 the pattern 10 is held relativelytures with the left representation of one pair forming the 60 close to a viewer 13 (e.g, between 14and 48 inches) andright of the next, thus interlocking into a pattern or the viewer looks at the pattern while straightening orseries which eliminates the ghost images associated with diverging his line of vision or aiming hi s vision at somethe prior art stereoscopic pictures. In addition to vary- distances beyond the pattern, so that his left eye 14ing the spaces between the pairs of adjacent representa- views the left dots 15 and 16 of each pair of adjacenttions, each representation may b e a one of a sequential 65 dots and his right eye 17 views the corresponding rightseries of perspective views of the same subject, thereby dots 18 and 19 of each pair of adjacent dots. Whenproducing a stereoscopic effect within the images them- viewing in this manner, the pairs of dots merge andselves. appear to be behind the backing 11 as indicated by

FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to the field of optics andspecif-ically to a method of making patterns which provide a

stereoscopic effect when viewed and to the patternsmade by such method.BACKOROUND OF THE.INVENTION

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THEPREFERRED EMBODIMENTS


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3 4,135,502 4images 21 and 22. Because the spacing between the pair the lines are arranged at slightly varying angles, theof dots 15 and 18 is closer together, the image 21 pro- distance between. the line representations varies, thusduced by these dots appears to be closer to the viewer producing a stereoscopic effect which varies the depththan the image 22 from the pair of dots 16and 19which of the images.are spaced further apart. In this manner a relative ste- 5 Instead of arranging straight lines at varying angles,reoscopic effect is produced. curved line representations may be used, with the cur-In FIG. 2 the same pattern 10shown in FIG. 1can be vature of the line having the effect of continuouslyviewed in a different manner to produce a different varying the angle of the line. Curved lines also maystereoscopic effect. In this case the pattern 10 is held have a horizontal component or element so that therelatively far away from the viewer 13 (e.g., at least 10 curved line representations produce images which ex-approximately 20 inches) and the viewer crosses his tend horizontally as well as spatially. An example of aeyes or converges his line of vision or a ims his eyesight pattern employing straight and curved lines is shown inrelatively close-up to view the pattern so that his left FIG. 6.Since the lines may be oriented at various angleseye 14 views the right dots 18 and 19 of each adjacent and may be curved, the line representations can bepair of dots and his right eye 17 views the left dots 15 15 combined to outline or to otherwise defme or depictand 16. Viewing in this manner, the images appear to triangles or diamond-shapes or even more complexjump from the backing 11 and each of the images ap- forms or varying shapes.pears to the viewer to be spaced at some distance be- Each of the patterns of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 can also between him and the backing 11 as shown by images 24 used as individual representations in building a moreand 25. The image 24 from the pair of dots 15 and 18 20 complex pattern. In such a case, each of the imagesappears to be further away because these dots are would have a stereoscopic effect within itself in addi-spaced closer together while the image 25 from the pair tion to having a stereoscopic effect relative to otherof dots 16 and 19 appears to be closer to the viewer images.because those dots are spaced further apart. In designing a pattern according to the present inven-Itis sometimes difficult for a viewer to a im his eye- 25 tion, the maximum and minimum separation distancessight so that his line of vision converges relatively close between representations depend upon the intendedto his eyes while, at the same time, viewing the pattern manner of viewing the pattern. For the purpose ofwhich is held relatively far away, as in FIG. 2, so it is viewing the pattern with a diverging or straight line ofsometimes helpful to provide a reference between the vision it is important that the representations not beviewer's eyes and the pattern. This may be accom- 30 placed further apart than the distance. between the pu-plished by stationing any object, such as a pencil or pils of the viewer's eyes (approximately 2 1 inches) be-fmger, at which the viewer may direct hi s eyesight cause it is very difficult to diverge one's line of visionbetween the pattern and the viewer's eyes approxi- more than a few degrees. For the purpose of viewingmately in the plane in which the images will be formed. the pattern with a converging or cross-eyed line ofSuch an image plane reference may also be provided as 35 vision. there is no limit to the maximum separationshown in FIG. 3 by mounting the pattern 11at the rear distance between images; however, it is uncomfortableof an open box-like structure 26 which provides a frame and somewhat difficult for the viewer to view an image27 around the front of the box 26. The frame 27 pro- which appears to be closer than 14 inches from thevides a. reference in the image plane for aiming the viewer's eyes. If the representations are separated suchviewer's line of vision which helps the viewer to see the 40 that they produce an image which appears to be closerstereoscopic images produced by the representations in than 14 inches from the viewer, it will require thethe pattern beyond the frame. viewer to converge his line of vision to such an extentIn FIG. 4 dots have been chosen for each of the that it becomes difficult to view the pattern. The image,representations for the purposes of simplicity; however, however. can be moved away from the viewer beyondthe representations could be stars other symbols, or 45 the 14-inch limit by moving the entire pattern awaymore complex objects, as shown in FIG. 5. The pattern from the viewer, so that there is no practical limit to theof FIG. 5 can be viewed in either of the. two manners distance by which the representations may be separated.previously discussed. In addition, it can be seen that a Using either manner of viewing, the representationspattern such as that of FIG. 5 can be attractive and must be far enough apart so as to be perceptively dis-decorative when ordinarily viewed without stereo- 50 tinct. If the representations are placed so close togetherscopic effect. that they appear to be a single representation, the result-When using simple representations such as those in ing image will appear to be on the backing, and theFIGS. 4 and 5, it is important in the production of a stereoscopic effect will be lost.stereoscopic image that each representation in the same It has been found that a more effective stereoscopichorizontal row be exactly identical. If the representa- 55 effect can be achieved ifthe variation in the separationtions are not exactly identical, they will not merge prop- distances between adjacent pairs of representations iserly to form an image,making it difficult to achieve a greater for patterns intended primarily for viewing withstereoscopic effect. (When using more complex repre- a converging line of vision than for patterns intendedsentations as hereinafter described, it will be understood primarily. for viewing with a diverging or straight linethat the representations need not be exactly identical, 60 of vision. Ifit is known which manner of viewing willbut may be varied slightly ina prescribed manner.) be primarily used, it is preferable to produce the patternIn addition to the dots, stars, symbols and objects with the variation in separation distances increased oralready shown, it isalso possible for the representations decreased accordingly. Patterns can, of course, alwaysto be generally vertical lines, with the lines functioning be produced which are capable of being viewed in ei-as a mass of small connected dots. Byarranging the lines 65 ther manner.at angles which vary slightly with the vertical, the im- For any manner of viewing, however, it is preferableages produced by the lines will appear to have depth that the variations in the separation distance betweenand to slant toward and away from the viewer. Since adjacent pairs of representations are not too large. Once


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5 4,135,502 6the viewer's eyes have focused on a pair of representa- dots. In looking at the pattern 40 with a straight ortions, it is difficult for the viewer to adjust his vision to diverging line of vision (FIG. 9), the viewer 43 aims hisa pair of representations with an inordinately different vision so that his left eye 44 views the left dot 45 of eachseparation distance. If the difference is .extreme, the adjacent pair of dots while his right eye 46 views theviewer will be unable to view more than a single pair of 5 next adjacent right dot 47. However, the viewer canrepresentations at anyone time, thus reducing the ste- alter his line of vision to skip over the adjacent dot 47 toreoscopic effect because no relative depth between view the next right-most adjacent dot 48, so that his leftimages will be manifest. eye 44 views the left dot 45, as before, while his rightIt is also important in producing the patterns of the eye 46 views the second-most adjacent right dot 48..present invention that each of the representations be 10 Because dots 45 and 48 are further apart than dots 45spaced in a substantially horizontal row. The viewer and 47, the image 49 produced by the second double-ordinarily views the patterns with his eyes spaced hori- overlap manner of viewing appears to be further awayzontally and rows of representations must be parallel to than the image 50 produced by the previously discussedthe axis between the pupils of the viewer's eyes. While single-overlap manner of viewing.the rows may be at a slight angle, if the angle is too 15 Double overlapping viewing can also be combinedsevere, the viewer will have a difficult time orienting with a cross-eyed or converging line of vision as shownhimself to see the stereoscopic effect. As used in this in FIG. 10.The viewer 43 may look at the pattern 40 sodescription and the claims, "horizontal" refers to the that his left eye 44 sees the right dot 48 of each adjacentorientation of the patterns when viewed. It is under- pair of dots while his right eye 46 sees the next left-moststood that the patterns may be in some other orientation 20 adjacent dot 47 to produce an image 51 , or he may lookwhen. produced, but it is important that the rows be at the pattern 40 so that his left eye 44 sees the right dotsubstantially horizontal when in a viewing position. 48 while his right eye 46 sees the second left-most adja-It can be seen that, although the pattern is relatively cent dot 45 to produce an image 52 which is closer thanclose to the viewer, viewing the pattern with a diverg- the image 51 .ing or straight line of vision simulates distance vision. 25 Switching from single overlap to double overlap maySuch patterns can be advantageously employed in the be difficult to an inexperienced viewer, so to aid in thework area of persons engaged in work requiring contin- switch, an adjacent row of representation having auous close-up viewing, such as those involved in assem- progressively greater distance between the pairs ofbly or inspection of small parts, or the making of de- representations may be used. FIG. 11 shows a patterntailed drawings. When placed in such work areas, the 30 with a row 55 of dots which may be viewed with eitherworker can take a break from his.work, and view one of a single or a double overlap, and an adjacent row 56 ofthe patterns which may be placed relatively close to dots having a progressively greater distance betweenh im , .and by viewing the pattern with a straight or di- each adjacent pair of dots. The viewer can look at theverging line of vision, the worker simulates looking into row 55 of dots using a single-overlap manner of view-the distance which may be otherwise impractical in 35 ing, and then direct his attention to the left end of theconfined work areas. This viewing will relax and rest adjacent row 56 of dots, which has approximately theand exercise the eyes of the one who is involved in same spacing between the adjacent pair of dots as thatcontinuous close-up work. between each pair in the row 55 . The viewer can thenFIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of follow along the row 56 of dots toward the right untilthe patterns of the present invention which utilizes a 40 he is concentrating on the right end of the row 56 ofsliding transparent overlay to produce a moving depth dots, which has approximately double the spacing be-effect. In this embodiment, several representations, such tween the adjacent pair of dots as that between eachas stars 31, 32 and 33, are placed in the horizontal row. pair in the row 55. The viewer is now prepared to directFor simplicity, only three stars in a single horizontal his attention back toward the row 55 which can now beline are shown, but it is to be understood that a multi- 45 viewed in a double overlap manner since the viewer'splicity of representations arranged in several horizontal line of vision is accustomed to the greater distance be-rows can be used. The stars 31 and 33 are mounted on tween dots necessary to view the dots in a double-over-an opaque backing layer 34while the star 32 ismounted lap manner.on transparent overlay 35, which overlay is placed Another embodiment of the present invention em-over the backing layer 34. When the overlay 35 is 50 ploys representations of different colors as shown inmoved horizontally with respect to the backing layer FIG. 12. The upper line 61 illustrates a simple color-34, the star 32 also moves horizontally with respect to mixed pattern using dots in a single horizontal row. The.stars 31 and 33. Because horizontal spacing is critical to dots 62 on the left of the. horizontal row are one colorproducing a stereoscopic effect, the resulting images 36 while the dots 63 on the right are another color. Theand .3 7 appear to move toward and away from the 55 images produced by viewing this pattern are shown onviewer 38. In FIG. 7, the.stars 31 , 3 2 and 33 are equally the .lower line 64. The images 65 seen on the left arespaced apart so that images 36 and 37 appear to be at an stereoscopic images of the first color and the image 66equal distance in front of the backing. In FIG. 8, the star seen on the right is a stereoscopic image of the second32 mounted on the. overlay 35 has been moved to the color, but in the middle an image 67 is seen which is aright 80 that, to the viewer 38, the left image 36 has 60 mixture of the two colors. By chosing complimentarymoved toward him while the right image 37 has moved colors, such as red and green, the middle image 67 willaway from him. appear to vibrate due to the mix in colors, producing anThe patterns of the present invention can be viewed unusual effect.in yet another manner as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 by Most of the representations shown in the drawingsviewing with a double overlap of representations. The 65 have been identical and relatively simple symbols, suchpattern 40 of FIGS. 9 and 10 is similar to that of FIGS. as dots or stars. However, the representations need not1 and 2 comprising a backing 41 with a row 42 of sub- be identical. For instance, each of the representationsstantially horizontally spaced representations, such as may be one of a sequential series of perspective views of


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7 4,135,502 8the same subject, as shown in FIG. 13 wherein the toward the side of the pattern. Thus as the viewer seesrepresentations include perspective views of a flower. the pattern, the images at the sides trail off into theThese perspective views can be produced photographi- distance or.trail toward the viewer and the ghost imagescally by taking a sequential series of pictures of the are eliminated.subject, moving the camera a very small distance be- 5 Instead of arranging each of the representations in atween each of the pictures in the sequence as shown in straight horizontal row, the row may be curved some-FIG. 14, wherein the subject is a flower 71 which is what in a spherical perspective. This facilitates the ta-photographed by a camera 72. After photographing the pering off eliminating the ghost images.flower 71 from one position 73, the camera is moved a The pattern of FIG. 16 demonstrates the use ofrepre-small distance to the right to a next position 74 and the 10 sentations which taper off at the edges of the patternflower 71 is photographed again. When the subject is and which are arranged in a substantially horizontalrelatively small, as in the flower 71, the camera 72 may curved row along a spherical perspective. The repre-be moved around in a circular path 75. By moving the sentations used in this pattern are lines which are com-camera 72 in a circle, when the sequence is complete, bined to define varying diamond-shapes and triangularthe camera will eventually return to the first position 73, 15 shapes, similar darkened triangles, and dots. Near theand a continuously repetitive series of pictures will be top of the pattern, the representations are not aligned inobtained, which can be used to produce a continuous a perfectly straight horizontal row, but are insteadpattern. Alternatively, the same effect can be achieved aligned along a substantially horizontal row which isby stationing the camera 72 in a fixed position and rotat- curved in a spherical perspective. Each of the represen-ing the subject flower 71 incrementally a small amount 20 tations taper off toward the edges of pattern, becomingbetween each photograph in the sequence. Each repre- closer together, thus eliminating or reducing the effectsentation comprises a slightly different perspective of the ghost images. As with each of the previous pat-view of the same subject, which representations to- terns, the pattern of FIG. 16 can be viewed close-upgether form a sequential series of perspective views. with a straight or diverging line of vision or at a dis-When the representations are grouped together in pairs 25 tance with a converging line of vision, or, of course, thein viewing the pattern, the viewer sees a three-dimen- pattern may be viewed in an ordinary manner.sional stereoscopic view of the subject in each image. While the invention has been shown and describedThe representations may also be spaced apart at various with respect to specific embodiments thereof, these aredistances so that each stereoscopic image is itself in a intended for the purposes of illustrations. rather thandifferent perspective plane. 30 limitations, and further modifications and variationsThe perspective of each image is reversed if the pat- will be apparent to those skilled in the art all within thetern is viewed in a different manner, such as ifthe pat- intended spirit and scope of this invention.tern is viewed convergingly instead of divergingly, or What is claimed is:divergingly instead of converging. Therefore, the ar- 1. A pattern capable ofbeing viewed to produce arangement of the representations will depend upon the 35 stereoscopic effect, which comprises:intended manner of viewing the pattern. If the pattern is a blank backing, andintended to be viewed primarily with a diverging or a multiplicity of representations on said backingstraight line of. vision, the representations should be spaced apart in substantially horizontal rows, eacharranged in the same order in which the sequential of the representations in each horizontal row beingseries of perspective views are obtained in order to 40 substantially identical, an adjacent pair of said rep-reproduce the subject in its proper perspective. In other resentations when viewed stereoscopically produc-words, when the camera is moved from left to right in ing a first stereoscopic image and two ghost im-front of the subject to produce the sequential series, the ages, another of said representations located onrepresentations should be placed from left to right in the said backing in a position in which the image pro-same order. If, however, the pattern is intended to be 45 duced by stereoscopically viewing said other rep-viewed primarily cross-eyed or with a converging line resentation combines with one of said ghost imagesof vision, the representations should be arranged in produced by one of said adjacent pair of represen-reverse order to obtain the proper perspective, that is, tations to produce second stereoscopic image, thethe representations should be placed in order from right remainder of said multiplicity of representationsto left when the camera is moved from left to right in SO located on said backing in positions in which thefront of the subject to produce the sequential series of images produced by each of said representationsperspective views. combine with ghost images produced by otherWhen the subject is very large, such as a landscape 76 representations to produce additional stereoscopicin FIG. 15, it is impossible to move the camera 72 images, the spacing between various pairs of adja-around in a circle, so the camera 72 is moved along a 55 cent representations in each horizontal row beingstraight line 77 a small distance between each photo- varied to produce a plurality of horizontally spacedgraph position 78,79, 80,81etc., to produce a sequential stereoscopic images perceived in various planesseries perspective views. In such a case, the camera will from said pairs of adjacent representations, saidnot return to the first position 78, so the series of views backing being devoid of any marking other thanwill not be continuously repetitive. 60 said representations to avoid producing distractingInstead of producing the views photographically, the images.views may also be produced artistically by hand with 2. A pattern as in claim I, in which each of said repre-each view depicting what would be seen at each camera sentations is identical.position. 3. A pattern as in claim I, in which said representa-In order to completely eliminate any ghost images at 65 tions form a multiplicity of horizontally-spaced general-the side of the pattern, the pattern may be faded or ly-vertical lines.tapered off at the edges. In this manner each of the 4. A pattern as in claim 3, in which said lines arerepresentations are progressively closer together combined to define varying shapes.


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9 4,135,5025. A pattern a s in claim I, in which said multiplicity of

representations are a sequential series of perspectiveviews of the same subject.6. A pattern a s in claim I, in which the multiplicity ofrepresentations on said backing is spaced apart in sub- Sstantially horizontal rows with each adjacent pair ofrepresentations having different spacing between eachother.7. A pattern a s in claim 1 for viewing with a straightor diverging line of vision, in which the spacing be- 10tween the various pairs of adjacent representations doesnot exceed 2 1 inches.8. A pattern a s in claim 1 for viewing with a converg-ing line of vision, comprising in addition means forproviding a physical reference in the planes in which 15said stereoscopic images appear, said means comprisinga reference mounted around and located a substantialdistance in front of said backing.

9. A pattern a s in claim I, in which said multiplicity ofrepresentations comprises: 20

a plurality of identical first representations on saidbacking spaced apart in a substantially horizontalflI'St row, and

a plurality of identical second representations on saidbacking spaced apart in a substantially horizontal 25second row, which is substantially parallel to saidfirst row, the spacing between said second repre-sentations being different from the spacing betweensaid first representations.

10. A pattern capable of being viewed to produce a 30stereoscopic effect, which comprises:

a backing layer;a movable transparent overlay horizontally slidablymounted over said backing layer; and

a multiplicity of representations, some of which are 35on said backing layer and the remainder of whichare on said overlay, the representations beingspaced apart in substantially horizontal rows, eachof the representations in each horizontal row beingsubstantially identical, the spacing between various 40pairs of adjacent representations being varied toproduce a plurality of horizontally spaced stereo-scopic images from said pairs of adjacent represen-tations, the movement of said overlay producing amovement of some of said images in a direction 45perpendicular to the plane of the overlay.

11. A method of producing a pattern capable of beingviewed to produce a stereoscopic effect, which com-prises the steps of:

placing a first representation on a blank backing; 50placing a second substantially identical representationon the backing substantially horizontal to and afixed distance apart from said first representation,whereby said first and second representationswhen viewed stereoscopically will produce a first 55stereoscopic image and two ghost images;

placing a substantially identical third representationon the backing substantially horizontal to said firstand second representations but being a distance

60

10apart from either said first or second representationdifferent from said fixed distance between said firstand second representations, said third representa-tion placed in a position in which the image pro-duced by stereoscopically viewing said third repre-sentation combines with one of said ghost imagesproduced by one of said first and second represen-tations to produce a second stereoscopic imageperceived in a plane different from said first stereo-scopic image; and

preventing the placement of additional unpaired rep-resentations which produce distracting images.12. A method of producing a pattern a s recited in

claim 11,wherein identical representations are placed ineach of the steps.13. A method of producing a pattern a s recited in

claim n, comprising the additional steps of placingadditional representations on the backing substantiallyhorizontal to said first, second, and third representationsand to each other, with pairs of adjacent representationshaving varied spacing between each other, said addi-tional representations being placed in positions in whichthe images produced by each of said additional repre-sentations combine with ghost images produced byother representations to produce additional stereo-scopic images.

14. A method of producing a pattern as recited inclaim 13, wherein said representations are placed toform horizontally-spaced generally-horizontal lines.15. A method of producing a pattern a s recited inclaim 14, wherein said representations are placed toform lines which combine to define varying shapes.16. A method of producing a pattern a s recited inclaim 11, comprising the additional step of preparing asequential s erie s o f consecutive perspective views of thesame subject each consecutive pair of views constitut-ing a stereoscopic view a nd using said sequential seriesof views as the representations in the other steps.17. A method of producing a pattern as recited inclaim 11, comprising the additional step of placing addi-

tional representations on the backing substantially hori-zontal to each other in a line substantially parallel tosaid first, second and third representations with pairs ofadjacent representations having different spacing be-tween each other, said additional representations beingplaced in positions in which the images produced byeach of said representations combine with ghost imagesproduced by other representations to produce addi-tional stereoscopic images.18. A method of producing a pattern for viewing witha straight or diverging line of vision as recited in claim11, wherein the representations are placed no furtherapart than the distance between the pupils of the eyes ofthe intended viewer.

19. A method of producing a pattern as recited inclaim 18, wherein the representations are placed nofurther than 2 1 inches apart.

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4135502 stereoscopic patterns and method

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