4.5_greywater_is_man-made_2010-09-20

7/21/2019 4.5_Greywater_is_man-made_2010-09-20

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4.5 Greywater is man-made – an untapped water

and nutrient resource

constructedwetland, gardening,

wastewater pond, biol.

treatment, membrane-

technology

Greywater

(shower, washing,

cleaning, etc.)

irrigation,

groundwater

recharge or

direct reuse

L e a r n i n

g o b j e c t i v e :

t h e r o l e

o f h o u s

e h o l d s i

n

t a c l i n g

e n ! i r o n

m e n t a l

a n d r e

s o u r c e

c h a l l e n g

e s



"hallenges and possibilities

Greywater represents environmental challenges:- Unpleasant odours

- Health hazard (pathogens and toxic compounds)

- Soil erosion

- Pollution o surace water and groundwater- !os"uito #reeding

$eneits o using treated greywater and sludge:

% &educes water shortage

% &educes environmental degradation' eutrophication

and health hazards

% &eclaims otherwise wasted nutrients

% lleviates ood shortages and poverty

% Protects the "uality o groundwaterCourtesy of Nicola Rodda University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban



#rbanwaste#rbanwaste

$reat-ment

%ower &uality

'riningwater

#rban

(tormwater

(urface )ground water

*cti!-ities

(olidwaste

#rine

Greywater

+lacwater

,astewater

aeces

"ompost

"ompost )hygieni.ation

/ygieni.ation) concentration

/ygieni.ationmembranebiological

,etlanda&uacult

(ludgefractionationbiologicaltreatment

/orticulture

*griculture

orestry

*&uaculture

0ndustry

/ousehold

(ludge

1ain

#rban horizontal water and nutrient flows

Jan-Olof Drangert, Lin!"ing University, #weden



#rban unintended !ertical flows of contamination

Landfill

Groundwater (saturated aquifer )

Sludgebed

Soil layer with organic material, clays and charged particles

IrrigationSeptictank

Petrolstation SewersPit

latrines




ater !olumes (supply

disposal)

Shallow wells"eeper

wells

Periurban

wells

Imported

water

2ffect onquantity : #one $alling grw%le!el &!er e'traction 'cess

infiltration

2ffect on

quality : #one Growing pollution 'cessi!e pollution

$he effects of urbanisation on groundwater

utilisation, &uantity and &uality

Courtesy of G. Jacks, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Settlement

sie

time



*ll groundwater under cities is polluted

ource: 3owell

et al., 6



astewater 7 clean water 8 what has been added

Courtesy of Peter Ridderstolpe, WRS, Uppsala,



hat do we put into the water9

Detergents can contain (check list of contents onpackage)

Phosphorous in water and on soil

which can !e replaced !y potassiu"

or

Salts# sodiu"

or

$leaches# chlorine and pero%ide

&luorescent whitening agents

'ondegrada!le su!stances#eolites or and *llers or

What is in soap, detergents, sha"poos, sol+ents,

disinfectants, paints, "edicines, phar"aceuticals,etc

Courtesy of $% J!nsson, #wedis& University of 'gricultural #ciences, #weden

Soap contains alkali salts with longchained fattyacids#

-ard soap usually contains sodiu" ('a)

.i/uid soap usually contains potassiu"hydro%ide (0)



$oic organic compounds

Phthalates

(;-'- Glc -03<)

=/=

=/

=3

=

>/

>/"l

"l

0fosfamide

*+ biodegradable

=3=

>/

>/ "l"l

/=

Glufosfamide

*+ biodegradable, impro!ed up%take in the gut

ource: ?@mmerer, A



<etals in wastewater ecreta

1. 2. 3. . !. ".

lement"ailyintake(mgr)

&utput infaeces(mgr-kg P)

$ound insludge(mgr-kg P)

.uotient &utput inurine(mgr-kg P)

.uotient

"opper "u B,4 B, B4, B4 CD C

/hromium "r 6 B4 B,6 C .C5 ,

>icel >i B DD A D.6 BC AD

Einc En BB, A, 5, 6.5 44 CF

%ithium %i BA B

<ercury /g 5 6,5 4 BB .C4 C6%ead 3b 6 BC B,5 F4 BC F4

"admium "d B4 B 44 4 .6 B6A

*+

*

Courtesy of (% Lindgren, #weden



"an we cope with the chemical society 9

0* ***

chemical

compounds

,treatment,

./

un0nowns

/monitored

1hat we 0now:

23 !etals and man-made organic

material do 456 disappear' #ut

3 333 they may adsor# to particles

*3 5rganics decompose into 333

73 inorganic su#stances and gas'

#ut do 456 disappear




<inimise water use,

reduce contamination

by chemicals, oil,

particles, fats, ecreta

torage of

urinefaeces,

septic tan,

grease filter,screen, etc.

Aerobic process:- $ricling filter

- oilsand filter

- <ulch filter

- Hertical flow con-

structed wetland

- 3onds– facultati!e

maturation etc.

Anaerobic process:

- *naerobic baffled

reactor

- *naerobic pond

er!ice water

1esorption

urface irrigation

ub-soil irrigation

0nfiltration$o surface water

Iuality of material

wormanship is a

01$ priorityJ

1sages2

Courtesy of Peter Ridderstolpe, WRS,

*: ource control comes first



/ouseholds can contribute – >=J

Use as little water as possible !y "i"icking the use

of water in !uckets (do not wash under running tap,take /uick showers, "end leaking taps, put full loadsin washing "achines, 111111 )Do NOT add solid matter to water (put food scrapsfro" plates and utensils in the waste !in, do not2ush tooth picks etc1 down the toilet, do not putcigarette !utts in urinal, 111111 )Do NOT add chemicals and oils to the water whileusing it (put fat fro" frying pan in the solid waste

!in, use !iodegrada!le soap and detergent, do not2ush paint, "edicines or other che"icals down thetoilet, 1111 )Buy and use en+iron"entally friendly products foryour ho"e

3hen you can use greywater in your garden, and youa+oid !locka es Jan-Olof Drangert, Lin!"ing university, #weden



/ouseholds can in!est: install proper

de!ices in your itchen and bathroom

When you !uild or retro*t your ho"e# Buy water- and energy-saving devices e1g1 watere4cient

shower heads, taps, washing "achines and low

2ush toilets Install a dry or low-fush urine-diverting toilet toreco+er

nutrients and to sa+e water

Avoid leaing taps and eep a record o! theamount o! water

used e+ery now and then to "onitor your usage

5%a"ple# 6 new su!ur! in Stockhol", Swedenwith proper

sa+ing de+ices achie+ed (www1stockhol"water1se)#

a 78 9 reduction in water use < Jan-Olof Drangert, Lin!"ing university, #weden

http://www.stockholmwater.se/






K+enign by designK - manufacturers need not

mae products with problematic content

8lassical #ie$ on functionality

of chemical %ro&ucts'

( sta)le *%ersistent+

( effecti#e ( efficient

( affor&a)le

4ew #ie$'

( com%lete an& fast &egra&ation

( no risk of harmful effects

3PS non-biodegradable for washing powder

Source: Kümmerer, 2!

L4S readily biodegradable replacement of 3PS

( effecti#e ( efficient

( affor&a)le



5

B

B5

5

6

65

4

BFF BFFB BFF BFF6 BFF4 BFF5 BFFC BFFA BFFD BFFF B 6 4 5 C

/enrisdal +romma

>onylphenol in digested sludge in (tocholm,

mgGg d.m.

uper!ision: nonylphenol in car care products

mgg drymatter

>onylphenolin digested

sludge

/ar wash

*pplying

law on

product

choice

Courtesy of 'rne Ja)trot,

#toc&ol) City



<edia attention: $riclosan in toothpaste

5 ( " I 4

6 e p o r

t s

7 8 o u r t o

o t h p a s

t e

i s f u l l o f p

o i s o n 7

+ in

9*:*2 *** ** ** * ** * *

+ in9**;2

Courtesy of 'rne Ja)trot, #toc&ol) City

L of toothpastes

containing triclosan



ection of sewer with /g nuggets

ubsidies: /g in sewers at dental clinics

"id the campaign make a difference<

D g mercury was remo!ed BFFD and 4

Courtesy of 'rne Ja)trot,

#t & l Cit

4.5_greywater_is_man-made_2010-09-20

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