47 interview quesrionssap basis

5/23/2018 47 Interview Quesrionssap Basis

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what is private mode? when does user switch to user mode?

private mode is a mode where the heap data is getting exclusively allocatedby the user and is no more shared across the system. this happens when yourextended memory is exhausted.

what is osp$ mean? what if user is given with this authorisation?

ops$ is the mechanism the adm users uses to connect to the database .

why do you use ddic user not sap* for support packs and spam?

do _not_ use neither ddic nor sap* for applying support packages. copy ddicto a separate user and use that user to apply them.

can you kill a job?

yes - sm! - select - kill

if you have a long running job, how do you analyse?

use transaction se".

how to uncar car/sar files in a single shot?

on unix#$ for i in *.sar do sapcar -xvf $i done

when we should use transactional rfc ?

a %transactional rfc% means& that either both parties agree that the data wascorrectly transfered - or not. there is no %half data transfer%.

what is the use of trusted system. i know that there is no need of uid and

pwd to communicate with partner system. in what situation it is good to

go for trusted system ?

e. g. if you have an r' system and a bw system and don(t want to maintain

passwords. same goes for crm and a lot of other systems'applications.

let me know if my understanding below is correct:! by default the rfc destination is synchronous"! asynchronous rfc is used incase if the system initiated the rfc call no

need to wait for the response before it proceeds to something else.

yes - that(s right.


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but keep in mind& that it(s not only a technical issue whether to switch toasynchronous. the application must also be able to handle that correctly.

which table contains the details related to # defined in spam? is there a

way to revert back the # defined? if yes, how?

there is a %delete% button when you define the )ueue. if you already startedthe import it(s no more possible since the system will become inconsistent.

what is a developer key? and how to generate a developer key?

the developer key is a combination of you installation number& your licensekey that you get from http#''service.sap.com'licensekey+ and the user name.you need this for each person that will make changes dictionary or

programs+ in the system.

what is i%.& ? eplain i ' echange infrastructure ( part of netweaver"&&).

sap exchange infrastructure sap xi+ is sap(s enterprise application integrationeai+ software& a component of the netweaver product group used to facilitatethe exchange of information among a company(s internal software andsystems and those of external parties. like other netweaver components& sapxi is compatible with software products of othercompanies.

sap calls xi an integration broker because it mediates between entities withvarying re)uirements in terms of connectivity& format& and protocols.according to sap& xi reduces integration costs by providing a commonrepository for interfaces. the central component of sap xi is the sapintegration server& which facilitates interaction between diverse operatingsystems and applications across internal and external networked computersystems.

how to see when were the optimier stats last time run? we are using

win"k, oracle +, sapr%)c.

assumed db,oracle

select any table lets take mara here but you should do the same for mseg andfew others to see whether the dates match or not.run the following commandon the command prompt#-


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select last_analyed from dba_tables where table_name like (mara(

this gives you a straight answer .else you can always fish around in db/0 forseeing when the optimer stats were updated.

*(( ankanautomatic cts

even though sap does not recommend automatic imports, it is themost practical way of moving transports from a development systemto a qa environment or to a special development system (although iwouldn't recommend auto imports to a production system for obviousreasons).

there are various methods for doing this. the most effective andsimple method is using an os script (shell/perl etc.) scheduled usingcron for user sidadm. there are a couple of steps you need to takebefore setting up automatic imports.

1. your entire proect team should agree upon the overall strategy,frequency of imports etc.

!. resolve any issues with transport approvals (many shops don'tcare about traffic between dev and qa)

". who is responsible for watching for errors and corrective actions

(an email to the developer works in this case)configuring outbound sap to internet mail gateway (r/3 4.0 andabove)

step 1 (unix setup)logon to your #db$server% as sidadmchange directory to /sapmnt/sid/global (or any directory globallyavailable across all application servers)create the following entries in file sap$email$gateway.sh and savethe file

&/bin/shgwconfig/sapmnt/sid/global/sap$email$gateway.cfg eport gwconfig/sapmnt/sid/ee/mlunsnd *+eecute the command mlosmadm sap_email_gateway.cfg (enterthe following information)system name sid


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client !--username mailadmpassword initpasslanguage e

loadbalancing ymessage server #central$instance$host$group name logon group1using saprouter ntrace level (inboound) -sendmail command #accept default%codepage #accept defaulttrace level (outbound) -update file ystep 2 (sap setup)

logon to sapsystem (sid) via sapguitransaction su01create user mailadm and password initpassusertypecpictransaction sm!", click create

rfc destination sap . internet mail gatewayconnection type tdescription internet email gatewayhit returnclick eplicit host

enter /sapmnt/p!1/global/ sap$email$gateway.shsave your entriestransaction scot, click edit00% create nodesnode emaildescription sap connect node for email (continue)rfc destination (choose sap . internet mail gateway from the pulldown menu)choose radio button internetaddress area +domain (your intranet domain)

ccontinueformat doc, dat, r"f, tt, raw,ppt,ls (continue)continueset further address types nminimum waiting minutescheck both node is in use', node can resolve path referencescontinue


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choose goto00% schedule background obenter name for the ob save

configuring outbound sap to internet mail gateway (upto r/3 3.1i)

sap can be configured to send and receive emails from different

sources. this section eplains how to integrate sapoffice with aneternal email system. this is in no way supplementing the onlinedocumentation available on the online documentation cd supplied bysap but simplyfies the process to the bare internet email must beconfigured and running prior to this. email from sap is forwarded tothe users eternal email client such as eudora, outlook etc.

you can configure inbound and outbound forwarding. outbound flowforwards a sap message (egupdate termination) via uni sendmail tothe intended recepient. inbound accepts a message from sendmail

and places it in the users sapoffice inbo. many sap shops prefer toconfigure outbound only.

configuring outbound forwarding

sap configuration

1. create your rfc destination for outbound email using transactionsm2

rfc destination sap$internet$gatewayconnection type t

description sap internet mail gatewayclick on 'eplicit host' if you want on demand gateway dameoninvocation.program /sapmnt/sid/ee/mlunsndtarget host enter hostname that runs your central instance.click 'test connection' and you should see a successfull message.

choose menu tools00%administration00%management00%processtechnology00%office00%office settings

click internet gatewaygateway destination sap$internet$gatewaypath for configuration file /sapmnt/sid/ee/sap$mailsid.cfgreturn address #your company domain%.com

. click internet settings and fill in the following fields

3. save the settings


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4. click back

5. choose menu office00%addresses00%communication types

1. type in int over the comm. typeand internet mail over

description./".. check maintain and send checkboes and save your entries.

unix configuration

11.. cd /sapmnt/sid/ee

1!..mlosadm sap$mailsid.cfg

1".client ---1.username mailadm1.password mailadm13.language e14.system name sid15.system number #instance$number%12.hostname #hostname%!-.gateway hostname #central$instance$hostname%!1.gateway server sapgw#instance number%!!.sendmail command #path$to$sendmail$command%!".update file y

testing

1. logon to sap

!. eecute transaction so-1

". write a message and send it to #your$internet$email$address%

if you don#t see t$e mail in your internet mailbox go bac%and review steps 1&12

ftp from abap

there are ! ways of eecuting ftp from an abap (online or batchmode),


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initiated from the operating system. a scriptis available in the utilityrepository that eplains how to do this very easily.initiated from the abap itself an eample is given below.

1. create a logical os command '6ftp' using transaction sm32.make sure that you enable 'comand line parameter allowed'checkbo

!. create a shell script called '6ftp' with the following lines

rmthost7echo *! 8 tr '9a06:' '9a06:'7ftp 0v *rmthost ## eof % /out/6ftp.** !%1lcd /output *1

byeeof

. use the sxpg_command_execute function module to callthis script (zftp) with the filename you want to transferas the parameter. eg:

call function 'spg$command$eecute'eportingcommandname tableseec$protocol eceptionsno$permission 1command$not$found !parameters$too$long "...

enable web based online documentaion (r/3 4.0 or above)

1. install netscape webserver or use an eisting web server

(requires administrators privelege)

!. create a directory called sapdocs under your web serverdocument root.

". mount the cdrom containing online documentation on your pc oryour uni server.
http://www.sap-img.com/basis/autoftp.htmhttp://www.sap-img.com/basis/autoftp.htm


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. recursively copy all files under /cdrom/docs/ to the sapdocdirectory under the web server root.

. create the following entries in your/usr/sap/sid/sys/profile/default.pfl

eu/iwb/installed$languages eneu/iwb/help$type!eu/iwb/server$win"!webserver.domain.com eu/iwb/path$win"!saphelp/helpdata

restart your sap system

$ow to access an external database from abap via dblin%(oracle)

/. using transactionse11, create a table (ztable) with thesame fields as the table in the external database, makesure that the type and lengths of the fields areidentical.

2. using transaction se11, create a iew (ztable!iew,pro"ection iew) using basis table ztable

#. using srmgrl$

create dblink remote!db as connect to remote!user

identified by password% (database link created)drop table ztable% (table dropped)create synonym ztable for ztable&remote!db% (synonymcreated)

using transaction se1' , type in ztable!iew and hitreturn

enter alue in key fields and hit execute. (displays rows fromthe remote table)

tips and tric%s

1. to see the complete tet of an error/warning message on thesapgui status bar, right click on the message and drag left.

2. to prevent your spool requests getting deleted from the basiscleanup obs, you need to uncheck the delete after print


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checkbo in the print control screen, eecute transaction sp-1,find your spool&, click on attributesand change the delete afterdate

". short cuts using the ok0code bo.

;sc search inpage

;pc download dolocal file

p< page upp0 page downp


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to develop and custamie sap to companies re)uirement. say if you donthave dev& after go-livestarted using sap prd3+ if you want to do somechanges to application& you cannot do changes directly to prd server& whichmay cause problem the prd server live data. so you do the re)uired changes

on dev first and test them on )as& if it works finethem transport the same to prd.

difference between application server and central instance?

as# is 4ust a dialog instance.ci# is dialog instance 5 database instance.

what is transport domain and domain controller?

td# is the collection of transport controller& trans directory and all other

systems in the group.tc# a system which will have trans directory& and in which the total landscapeis designed and maintained. in stms you can see all these. *-- suneel

what are snotes ? how to apply them in sap ?

the name of the transaction is snote. a %note% in general is a hint&documentation& error'bug description and may contain code corrections& thatare applied with the transaction snote.

what is oss ?oss is the old name of the nowadays %sapnet% which contains everything youneed to run sap a program& patches& installation'upgrade documentation etc.

what are different modules used like ep, i, crm ,bw, etc?

those are not different modules but different products.

ep , enterprise portalxi , exchange infrastructure

crm , customer relationship managementbw , business warehouse that is the old term+& it(s now call bi businessintelligence+

what is the correct use of spam, saint, spad and spdd transactions. when

should we use each?

spam is for installing support packages& saint is used to install new addons.


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spad is for creating printers i assume you meant spau+ and spdd is forad4usting modification to dictionary ob4ects.

is it possible to update support release packages from os level?

no - you can import them but the full process will re)uire additional stepsthe tools %tp% and %rtrans% are not aware of. the way is to use spam - butspam has the possibility to schedule those imports in the background.

after doing any support package update in spam, are there any further

steps to carry out for this update to take effect?

no& they are active immediately. *-- markus

what is the use of profile paramater tta/roll-area?

the value specifies the sie of the roll area in bytes. the roll area is one ofseveral memory areas& which satisfies the user re)uests of user programs.for technical reasons& however& the first 26" kb or so of a user context arealways stored in the roll area& further data- up to the roll area limit tta'roll_first&- in the extended memory& up to the limit tta'roll_extension or if extendedmemory is exhausted& then- again in the roll area& until the roll area is full& then- in the local process area& up to the limit abap'heap_area_dia orabap'heap_area_total or until the address space or the

swap space is exhausted.

followed by termination with errors like storage_parameters_wrong_set anerror code& that points to memory bottleneck minimum data transfer withcontext change however& the increase helps to avoid problems addressspace& swap space& operating system paging+. *(( anupam sharma

what is r/%? and what is basis version?

sap basis#

- provides the runtime environment for all sap applications- optimally embeds the application in the system environment- defines a stable architecture framework for system enhancements- contains the tools for administering the entire system- allows the distribution of resources and system components- provides interfaces for decentralied system parts and external products.

an r' instance is a group of r' services that are started and stopped as a unit


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by an r' dispatcher+ and have a common instance profile. the name of anr' instance is composed of letters standing for the relevant services& and aninstance number which is uni)ue for each computer. the services may be d&v& e& b& m& g& or s& which respectively stand for dialogue& update& en)ueue&

background& message& gateway& and spool services.tips by : suresh babu

i would like to know the version or name of sap that is implemented in

real time?

this is a very generic )uestion and really depends on what you areimplementing modules+.

the history of the %r'% is

."d basis ""."e basis ""."f basis ""./h basis /"./i basis /"0."b basis 0""0.6b basis 06"0.7c basis 07"0.!/ basis 7.2"

0.!2 basis 7.2"6."" basis 7.0" ecc 6." - enterprise core components+7."" basis !."" ecc 7."+ - actually in rampup

all of those have increased business functionality and interfaces to othersystems crm& bw etc.+

what is mysap?

it(s a term for all the systems that in a contract e. g. a mysap business suiteconsist of erp2""6& crm2""6& srm2""6+.

what is the systems configuration re#uired to implement sap.. i.e for

production,development and #as servers the hard disk space, ram,

processor

this also depends on what your are implementing& how many users will workon the system& how many records in what area are created etc.


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we need a big database system and an even bigger application server for 81"" users and /2 languages.

what is asap?

it(s an old term for an implementation strategy. blueprint -> prototype ->golive if you want to say it in one sentence+.

how should i set priority for printing say like user, teamlead, project

manager?

there(s nothing like %priority% settings for spool processes. 4ust define moreprofile parameter rdisp'wp_no_spool+ processes so people don(t need towait.

using tc sgen i have generated ) job and later i have terminated the

job. i wish to start generating from where it stopped i have refreshedbut to no chance nothing was done. how should i further proceed so as

to complete the remaining job..

start sgen again and select the same you have selected before. it will popupand ask if you want to start from scratch or generate the 4ust the remaining.

what is your system landscape=what are you roles and responsibilities in your company=what are versions of sap r/", oracle you are using=

patch numbers of sap kernel oracle you are usingif a user wants to eecute a background ob immediately but there isno background work process available. how u will do=what is common house keeping background obs that run in yoursystem=what are common transport errors u faced while transporting=how you will do client copy= if sap + user is not available at all in yoursystem then how u will do client copy=how u will apply ocs patches=what is the database backup strategy in your company=

what is upgrade process= and how u will do that=how u will give new authori6ations=how to adust user master records= if user master record doesn>tadust what will you do=how to check kernel, tp versions=briefly eplain a recent problem you faced, which u felt proud bysolving that= and ho u solved=


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how you will rate your self in sap, oracle from a scale 1 ? 1-=

what are your daily activities in your company=

what are you roles and responsibilities in your company=what are common background obs that will run in your system=if a background ob runs more than the time it should be completednormally then what actions will u take=how to schedule background obs at os level=how to add authori6ations, how you will maintain profiles=what are common transport errors and their codes=transport request types and its syntawhere will u find transport error logs=how to do transport at os level=

how to transport obects from production to development=how to define instances and operation modes=what are homogenous system copy and heterogeneous system copyand how you will do that=what is oracle architecture=at os level in which directory oracle alerts are stored=if a lock entry is holding more than ! hours then what will you do= ifanother user wants to share that lock but the user using that lockhaven>t released lock he went for holiday what will u do= this user

wants lock asap then what will u do=what will you do if u got update failure=what will you observe in system log (sm!1)=how to increase tables space, resi6ing, backups and when will youdo=various client copy methods and how you will do them=how you will get help from oss notes=what is the need of having development system=difference between application server and central instance=how you will check whether database is active or not from os level=

what is transport domain and domain controller=what is consolidation route and delivery routes=how to lock a client= how to delete a client=how to login in to sap from command level=how to define logon groups= and what is logon load balancing=how you will rate your self in sap, oracle from a scale 1 ? 1-=


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what are you roles and responsibilities in your company=how you will do client copy=if sap+ is not available then how u will do=

after client copy is table space and database si6es will be increasedor not=how to do client copy fast=what are various profiles available for client copy=how to do transport>s between production and development=how to apply ocs patches=

what are you roles and responsibilities in your company=how to do client copy=

how to do transports from os level=where the transport data files will be placed=how to make security authori6ation reports=in which table failed user login attempts will be there=how to see the t able entry values=how you will give new authori6ations=have you participated in kernel upgrading and ocs patches=have you done any up gradations=how to configure tms=

what is transport domain=what is consolidation route and delivery routes= how you will identifythem=transport error codes and their description=the transaction should not be displayed in user easy access menu buthe must eecute that transaction how to do that=

welcome to the eciting world of sapr/" basis. the term basis(foundation) is no misnomer. all application modules of an sap r/"system are integrated using the basis technology and comprise offour maor areas.

application administration abap, security, correction and transportsystem, implementation guide, workflow, sapoffice, eternal
http://www.sap.com/http://www.sap.com/


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interface configuration, upgrades etc. are some of the maor sub0areas.database administration database interface, space management,performance, capacity planning, upgrades.

operating system administration os and sap kernel,communication, disk, memory, printers etc.infrastructure administration such as hardware, network planning,high availability, archiving, language support

automatic cts

even though sap does not recommend automatic imports, it is the most

practical way of moving transports from a development system to a #a

environment or to a special development system 0although i wouldn1t

recommend auto imports to a production system for obvious reasons!.

there are various methods for doing this. the most effective andsimple method is using an os script (shell/perl etc.) scheculed usingcron for user sidadm. there are a couple of steps you need to takebefore setting up automatic imports.

1. your entire proect team should agree upon the overall strategy,frequency of imports etc.

!. resolve any issues with transport approvals (many shops don'tcare about traffic between dev and qa)

. who is responsible for watching for errors and corrective actions anemail to the developer works in this case+

configuring outbound sap to internet mail gateway (r/3 4.0 andabove)

step 1 (unix setup)logon to your #db$server% as sidadmchange directory to /sapmnt/sid/global (or any directory globallyavailable across all application servers)create the following entries in file sap$email$gateway.sh and savethe file


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&/bin/shgwconfig/sapmnt/sid/global/sap$email$gateway.cfgeport gwconfig/sapmnt/sid/ee/mlunsnd *+

eecute the command mlosmadm sap_email_gateway.cfg (enterthe following information)

system name sidclient !--username mailadmpassword initpasslanguage eloadbalancing ymessage server #central$instance$host$group name logon group1using saprouter ntrace level (inboound) -sendmail command #accept default%codepage #accept defaulttrace level (outbound) -update file y

step 2 (sap setup)

logon to sapsystem (sid) via sapguitransaction su01create user mailadm and password initpassusertypecpictransaction sm!", click create

rfc destination sap . internet mail gatewayconnection type tdescription internet email gatewayhit returnclick eplicit host

enter /sapmnt/p!1/global/ sap$email$gateway.shsave your entries

transaction scot, click edit00% create nodes

node emaildescription sap connect node for email (continue)


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rfc destination (choose sap . internet mail gateway from the pulldown menu)choose radio button internetaddress area +domain (your intranet domain)

ccontinueformat doc, dat, r"f, tt, raw,ppt,ls (continue)continueset further address types nminimum waiting minutescheck both node is in use', node can resolve path referencescontinuechoose goto00% schedule background obenter name for the ob save

configuring outbound sap to internet mail gateway (upto r/3 3.1i)sap can be configured to send and receive emails from differentsources. this section eplains how to integrate sapoffice with aneternal email system. this is in no way supplementing the onlinedocumentation available on the online documentation cd supplied bysap but simplyfies the process to the bare internet email must beconfigured and running prior to this. email from sap is forwarded tothe users eternal email client such as eudora, outlook etc.

you can configure inbound and outbound forwarding. outbound flowforwards a sap message (egupdate termination) via uni sendmail tothe intended recepient. inbound accepts a message from sendmailand places it in the users sapoffice inbo. many sap shops prefer toconfigure outbound only.

configuring outbound forwarding

sap configuration

1. create your rfc destination for outbound email using transaction

sm2rfc destination sap$internet$gatewayconnection type tdescription sap internet mail gatewayclick on 'eplicit host' if you want on demand gateway dameoninvocation.program /sapmnt/sid/ee/mlunsnd


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target host enter hostname that runs your centralinstance.click 'test connection' and you should see a successfull message.

choose menu tools00%administration00%management00%process

technology00%office00%office settings

click internet gateway

gateway destination sap$internet$gatewaypath for configuration file /sapmnt/sid/ee/sap$mailsid.cfgreturn address #your company domain%.com

. click internet settings and fill in the following fields

3. save the settings

4. click back

5. choose menu office00%addresses00%communication types

1. type in int over the comm. typeand internet mail overdescription.

1-.. check maintain and send checkboes and save your entries.

unix configuration

11.. cd /sapmnt/sid/ee1!..mlosadm sap$mailsid.cfg1".client ---1.username mailadm1.password mailadm13.language e14.system name sid15.system number #instance$number%12.hostname #hostname%!-.gateway hostname #central$instance$hostname%!1.gateway server sapgw#instance number%!!.sendmail command #path$to$sendmail$command%!".update file y

testing

1. logon to sap


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!. eecute transaction so-1

". write a message and send it to #your$internet$email$address%

4. if you don#t see t$e mail in your internet mailbox go bac%

and review steps 1&12

bac% to top

ftp from abap

there are ! ways of eecuting ftp from an abap (online or batchmode),

initiated from the operating system. a scriptis available in the utility

repository that eplains how to do this very easily.initiated from the abap itself an eample is given below.

1. create a logical os command '6ftp' using transaction sm32.make sure that you enable 'comand line parameter allowed'checkbo

!. create a shell script called '6ftp' with the following lines

rmthost7echo *! 8 tr '9a06:' '9a06:'7

ftp 0v *rmthost ## eof % /out/6ftp.** !%1lcd /output *1byeeof

. use the sxpg_command_execute function module to call thisscript (6ftp) with the filename you want to transfer as theparameter. eg

call function 'spg$command$eecute'eportingcommandname tableseec$protocol eceptionsno$permission 1command$not$found !
http://www.basisguru.com/faq.htmhttp://www.basisguru.com/code/autoftp.htmhttp://www.basisguru.com/faq.htmhttp://www.basisguru.com/code/autoftp.htm


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parameters$too$long "...

bac% to top

enable web based online documentaion (r/3 4.0 or above)

1. install netscape webserver or use an eisting web server(requires administrators privelege)

!. create a directory called sapdocs under your web serverdocument root.

". mount the cdrom containing online documentation on your pc oryour uni server.

. recursively copy all files under /cdrom/docs/ to the sapdocdirectory under the web server root.

. create the following entries in your/usr/sap/sid/sys/profile/default.pfl

eu/iwb/installed$languages eneu/iwb/help$type!eu/iwb/server$win"!webserver.domain.com

eu/iwb/path$win"!saphelp/helpdatarestart your sap system

back to top

$ow to access an external database from abap via dblin%(oracle)

/. using transactionse11 create a table (6table) with the samefields as the table in the eternal database, make sure that the

type and lengths of the fields are identical.

!. using transaction se11, create a view (6table$view, proectionview) using basis table 6table

". using svrmgrl%

create dblink remote$db as connect to remote$user identified by
http://www.basisguru.com/faq.htmhttp://www.basisguru.com/faq.htmhttp://www.basisguru.com/faq.htmhttp://www.basisguru.com/faq.htm


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password@ (database link created)drop table 6table@ (table dropped)create synonym 6table for 6tableAremote$db@ (synonym created)

using transaction se13 , type in 6table$view and hit return

enter value in key fields and hit eecute. (displays rows from theremote table)

tips and tric%s

1. to see the complete tet of an error/warning message on thesapgui status bar, right click on the message and drag left.

2. to prevent your spool requests getting deleted from the basiscleanup obs, you need to uncheck the delete after printcheckbo in the print control screen, eecute transaction sp-1,find your spool&, click on attributesand change the delete afterdate

". short cuts using the ok0code bo.

;sc search inpage

;pc download do

local filep< page upp0 page downp


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) can we display text wit$ color in sap script if yes $ow can wedo t$at*) w$at is t$e use of event at selection&screen on field+) w$at is t$e use of c$ain and endc$ain statement

") $ow can you set rows and columns for table control in ascreen10) w$at is an user exit11) w$at is table maintenance generator12) $ow can you call a subroutine w$ic$ is located in program afrom program b13) w$at is rfc function module14) $ow many types of rfcs are t$ere1!)can we use call screen in rfc

how do i assign authoriation groups to tables?

assign a table to a group

/+ sm/

2+ enter ,,> tddat in table name

+ execute

0+ select assign authoriation groups to tables'views

6+ check table name box and execute7+ enter table name s+ can use wildcards+ and execute

!+ enter ,,> new authoriation groups+

9+ check box in front of modified tables

1+ select save icon

/"+ create change re)uest& enter description& execute& execute

//+ select back icon

why is it that when i use suim to see who can run certain transactions i

get a certain list of users. but one or more users are missing that i know

have access to run that transaction?


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up to now the report did not take into account the transactions whichare executable due to customiing with the help of the su20 ' su26

what is client 000 in sap r/3?client 000 is defined as the sap standard and the customer

cannot change it. this client serves as a copy template forthe creation of further clients.

what are the different type of work process ?the following work process in sap r/3

dialog (d): each dispatcher needs at least 2 dialog work

processes (not shown above)

spool (s): at least per r/3 system (more than per

dispatcher allowed)

update (v): at least per r/3 system (more than per

dispatcher allowed)

background (b): at least 2 per r/3 system (more than

per dispatcher allowed)

en!ueue (e): e"actly per r/3 system (only e work

process is re!uired and allowed)

how do you start sap r/3?to start r/3# run the shell script startsapfrom the homedirectory of user $sid%adm.startsapstarts the saposcol process# which is the statisticscollector for operating system resource data# if it is not yetrunning.

startsapcalls the script startdb# which starts the

database if it is not already started.startsapthen starts the central instance.

the r/3 system administrator can start additional

instances and application servers. to start the instancesindependently of the database# use the script startsap.


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startsaphas the following options:

startsap r3: checks if the database is running& if

it is# only the instance is started

startsap db: starts only the database

startsap all: default entry& starts both the

database and the r/3 instance

in what sequence are profile parameter read?r/3 processes read the appropriate parameters from a csource in the r/3 kernel

the default profile /usr/sap/$sid%/sys/profile/default.pfl

is read& profile values already defined in the c sourceare replaced with the values in the default profile

the instance profile

/usr/sap/$sid%/sys/profile/$sid%'$instance%'$hostname% is read& profile values already defined in thedefault profile or in the c source are replaced with thevalues defined in the instance profile

this procedure ensures that system parameter values

reflect the instance profile and the values in the defaultprofile and the c source.

what are the step involved before stopping r/3system?before stopping any r/3 system following steps are basicsteps to be performed.

before the r/3 system is stopped# the r/3 system

administrator should check the:

check if any background obs from any application

server are active or have been triggered e"ternally. usetransaction sm37

check if the background work process btc is running in


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any application server.

check if any update records are open when the system

is stopped# the records are rolled back and set to statusinit. at startup# the records are processed again.

the administrator must decide whether to interrupt the

obs or wait until they are finished.

give system users advance warning of the system

shutdown. to create a system message# you can usetransaction sm02.

before shutting down the system# use transaction sm04

to check whether users are still logged on# and askthem to log off.

the r/3 system administrator and administrators of

e"ternal systems should also inform one another aboutdata transfers between their respective systems.

how do you check the work process from unix?use the following commands.to check all the work processes:

ps ef * grep $sid% * grep dwto check the message server:ps ef * grep $sid% * grep ms

to check the sap os collector:ps ef * grep sapos

how do you display the server name?to display the server name# use transaction sm51.information about the process types is also displayed. for

further information# select one of the instances and chooseprocesses. alternatively# to display the system processes#use transaction sm66.

how do you display all active users in your system?to display the overview of all active users on the instancewhere you are logged on# use transaction sm04. for a useroverview of the whole system# call transaction al08.


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performance analysis

q. what happens to locks when the enqueue server isrestarted?a.if they have not been saved to disk in the backup file#they will be lost. the locks that are inherited by the updatetask when commit workis e"ecuted after call function ..in update task are saved to the disk. the locks are saved todisk when the update re!uest becomes valid# that is# withthe commit work. each time the en!ueue server isrestarted# the lock entries saved on the disk are reloaded tothe lock table. a lock is saved to disk at the point at whichthe backup flagis set.

q. the enqueue server is a single-point-of-failure inthe sap system.can i guarantee high availability forthe enqueue server?a.to guarantee this you must use the standalone en!ueueserver with the replication server. this is described in thedocumentation standalone en!ueue server.

sap note +2,- contains the prere!uisites that must be

fulfilled for using the standalone en!ueue servers with thereplication server.

q. where is the lock table stored?a. in the main memory (shared memory) of the en!ueueserver. all work processes on the en!ueue server has accessto the table. e"ternal application servers e"ecute their lockoperations in the en!ueue process on the en!ueue server.communication in this case takes place via the relevantdispatchers and the message server.

q. can locks exist directly after startup?a. yes# the saved locks# which were inherited by the updatetask# are reloaded to the lock table during startup (see first!uestion).

q. how fast are lock operations?
http://www.sapsecurityonline.com/sap_security_interview_questions/sap_basis_performance_analysis.htmhttp://www.sapsecurityonline.com/sap_security_interview_questions/sap_basis_performance_analysis.htm


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a.in work processes on the en!ueue server# a few 00microseconds. in work processes of e"ternal applicationservers you have to include network communications andprocess changes. depending on cpu and network load this

amounts to a few milliseconds.

q. what should i do first if a problem arises?a.use the diagnosis functions:sm1 e"tras diagnosis and thensm1e"tras diagnosis in updateif a problem is reported# back up the trace files dev'w#dev'disp# dev'e! and check the syslog.

q. the following message is displayed in the diagnosis

details in sm12:lock management operation mode

internal lock management in sameprocesswhat does this message mean and what are the otheroptions?a. 1internal lock management in same work process1 in thediagnosis function means that you are logged onto the

en!ueue server and your work process can access the locktable straight away. you do not have to delegate en!ueuere!uests to an en!ueue process on a remote en!ueueserver. if you are logged onto an application server that isnot an en!ueue server# the diagnosis function will provideyou with the name of the en!ueue server.each sap system has e"actly one application server thatfunctions as an en!ueue server. this en!ueue servermaintains the lock table# which is located in a shared

memory segment. all of the work processes on the en!ueueserver can access the lock table. all work processes on otherapplication servers delegate their en!ueue re!uests to aspecial en!ueue work process on the en!ueue server.

this procedure is configured automatically. the parameter


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line 1rdisp/en!name $application server name%1 in thedefault profile default.pfl indicates which application server iscurrently acting as the en!ueue server. when an applicationserver detects that its name matches the name of the

en!ueue server# it creates the lock table and all of its workprocesses process en!ueue re!uests inline. if an applicationserver detects that its name does not match the name of theen!ueue server# it sends all en!ueue re!uests to theen!ueue server.work processes of the type 1en!ueue1 guarantee thatincoming re!uests are processed immediately. one en!ueueprocess is usually sufficient. in very large sap systems withmany application servers# a second process can be

beneficial. however# it is not e"pedient to define more thantwo en!ueue processes. if the transaction sm+0 % cpu4shows that only the first en!ueue process is being used# thebottleneck is due to something else.

q.why is an enqueue work process required in acentral system?dont all work processes have the

same access to the shared memory and thus to thelock table?a. although the en!ueue process is not used in a centralsystem# it does not do any harm. since almost all customersinstall an application server sooner or later# problems willinevitably arise if the en!ueue process is missing. for thisreason# the en!ueue diagnosis function will output an error ifan en!ueue process has not been configured.

q. are the locks in the lock table also set at thedatabase level?if not! database functions could beused to process ob"ects locked in the sap system.

a. locks are not set on the database. the lock table is storedin the main memory of the en!ueue server.

q. is a lock table built if an enqueue work process isnot started on the enqueue server in the instance

profile?a. yes# because the work processes on the en!ueue server


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use the lock table directly# and not via the en!ueue process.the latter is only responsible for lock re!uests from e"ternalapplication servers.

q.how can i find out who is currently holding theungranted lock?in other words! how can check the

program after an enqueue to determine which use iscurrently holding the lock so that i can let him or herknow?a.when the en!ueue'... function module is returned# thename of the lock owner is listed in symsgv.

q. can i use special characters in my lock argument#especially the $at% sign #&''?

a. the 5at6 symbol is used as a wildcard in sap locks(en!ueues). in other words# it can stand for any othercharacter during collision checks. for e"ample# theparameter value 23,+7 locks the !uantities 23,+0 to23,+8# 23,+a to 23,+9# and 23,+a to 23,+9# and allother values with any special character in the th characterposition.this is described in detail in the section lock collisions.in order to prevent the wildcard mechanism from being

activated in sap locks when it is not re!uired# you need toensure when en!ueue function modules are called that keyvalue parameters do not contain any wildcardcharacters.if key values that you want to use to lock individual entitiesdo contain wildcard characters# you have to replace thewildcards with different characters before the en!ueue iscalled.

q. with a single-process system as an enqueue server!we have reached x sd benchmark users.can thisnumber be increased by using a multiprocessor

system #message server on the same machine as theenqueue server'?can we assume that scaling is linear#number of cpus ( x sd users'?how many processesare advisable if message servers! dispatchers! one


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dialog! and two enqueue processes are to run on thesystem?a.a significant increase in the en!ueue server throughputcan be e"pected by using several processors. the cpu load

on the en!ueue server is distributed relatively evenlybetween message server# dispatchers# and en!ueue workprocesses# which means that up to 3 processors can beoccupied simultaneously. dispatchers and message serverrepresent the bottleneck with the en!ueue. linear scalingcan be e"pected for up to 3 processors# even if lock re!uestsare so fre!uent that message server# dispatchers# and workprocesses are occupied simultaneously. due to asynchronoussystem processes (for e"ample# syncer)# using more

processors can further enhance throughput.

q. the syslog often contains messages such as)enqueue: total wait time during locking: 2*++

seconds).how should i analy,e this problem?or is theentry not critical?#there are no records ofterminations or timeouts.'a.the message is output for information purposes only butmay indicate parallel processing errors with abap programs.the specified wait time is the time that has elapsed sincestartup due to the use of the wait parameter when theen!ueue function module wascalled.the wait parameter enables a lock attempt to be repeated anumber of times# for e"ample# so that the update task doesnot have to be cancelled when a lock is set temporarily byother programs. the work process remains busy between thelock attempts.

q. user cannot connect to sapa. check sap logon settings# ping the host# check messageserver# check dispatcher# etc

q. user cannot printa. see if the user has proper authori9tion. check sap usersetup# check spad# check spools# check uni" !ueue or print


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!ueue at the os level# etc

q. why do you get )getprocesslist failed: +++++*)error while starting sap console managementa. you have selected one of the process list nodes in thetree. then you closed mmc and clicked 1yes1 in the dialog1save console settings to sapmmc1. now when you openagain the mmc and those processes are not started# you getthis error.

solution: start mmc and select sap systems in the tree. thenclose it and choose 1yes1 in the dialog 1save console settingsto sapmmc1. now you won;t get this annoying error onevery start.

tcodes

development transaction codess--1 abap workbenchse-2 workbenche organi6er (transports)se11 abap/ dictionaryse13 data browserse! class builderse"- abap runtime analy6es

se"! abap/ tet element maintenancese" abap/ dialog modules maintenancese"3 logical databasesse"4 function builder

se"5 abap/ editorse"2 program comparisonse1 menu painterse" area menu editorse5 call hierarchyse2 program analysis table manipulationse1 screen painter initial screen.se table maintenance dialogse5- repository browserse21 message classesse2" maintain transaction


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shdb batch input recordersm"- maintain table viewssm" monitor batch input

st!! short dump analysis

!. monitoring

st- sql trace

st-4 application monitor

do i need user id and password to enter into the oss=yes, you need an user id and password to enter into the site. it will beprovided by the basis team in theproect. when they create sap user id, they will create oss notes id also.you can also register individually in the site.

what is oss notes number=after entering into sap notes search, you can search for the problem

using keyword appropriate for yourproblem. if you have specific oss notes number with you, then you candirectly enter the oss notes numberand you can see the notes eplanation.

how to apply oss notes number=before applying oss notes number into your sap system. you need tocheck whether it is alreadyimplemented in your sap system or not. if it is not implemented you cango ahead.

there are some oss notes, which we should implement manually, thatmeans we need to change the codein the programs/obects ourselves according to the steps mentioned inthe problem.

i did not find any oss notes appropriate for my problem or bug. what i


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have to do=if the oss notes displayed are not helpful to solve your problem. you canwrite to sap service describing yourproblem. you problem will be answered by sap support team.

how to apply oss notes in my sap system= what is the t0code and whatare the steps. in net post we willsee it.oss stands for on0line service system.what is the use of oss=in day0to day business customers who are using sap softwareencounters problem or bugs with sapsoftware. to resolve the issues faced by customers sap has provided anon0line solution.what= sap software is having problems or bugs= yes, any software

product is not 1--; pool0proof. sap iscontinuously updating the versions for better performance and options.

where can i access sap oss=log on to www.service.sap.com. under the sap support portal, click onsap notes search.

do i need user id and password to enter into the oss=yes, you need an user id and password to enter into the site. it will beprovided by the basis team in theproect. when they create sap user id, they will create oss notes id also.you can also register individually in the site.

what is oss notes number=after entering into sap notes search, you can search for the problemusing keyword appropriate for yourproblem. if you have specific oss notes number with you, then you candirectly enter the oss notes numberand you can see the notes eplanation.


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how to apply oss notes number=before applying oss notes number into your sap system. you need tocheck whether it is alreadyimplemented in your sap system or not. if it is not implemented you can

go ahead.

there are some oss notes, which we should implement manually, thatmeans we need to change the codein the programs/obects ourselves according to the steps mentioned inthe problem.

i did not find any oss notes appropriate for my problem or bug. what ihave to do=if the oss notes displayed are not helpful to solve your problem. you can

write to sap service describing yourproblem. you problem will be answered by sap support team.how to apply oss notes in my sap system= what is the t0code and whatare the steps. in net post we willsee it.types of consultantsthe most common question being asked in interviews is ' what are yourroles and responsibilities='.before answering the above question, let me eplain the difference

between functional consultant andtechnical consultant.roles and responsibilities differ from functional consultant to technicalconsultant.functional consultant+ functional consultants are responsible for designing the sapimplementation solution based on therequirements of your company.+ functional consultants are business process eperts.+ functional consultants normally use their process knowledge to

calculate the impact of the sapimplementation on the company's processes.+ functional consultants are thus concerned with sap functions andprocesses that will generate the dataand output for business.+ functional consultants interact with end users of the company to gatherrequirements and based on the


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requirements they customi6e the sap implementation.

technical consultant+ technical consultants are eperts in information technology.

+ technical consultants normally assist in configuration of the sap r"installation. in many sapimplementations, technical consultants help in designing interfaces andcustomi6ations in r". finally, thesap r" technical consultants would be responsible for migration of datafrom the legacy system to the newsap erp implementation.

+ here i will discuss maor roles and responsibilities of a technical

consultant

1) designing technical specification by looking at the functinalspecification you have recieved.usually senior developers having " years or more than " years ofeperience involves in preparing technicalspecifications.

!) developing obects using abap workbench tools. that may be a report

program or an on0line program or acustom table.remember the development work starts after the technical specificationis approved by your team leader.

") preparing the unit test case document.in unit test case document, we document the results and test casesperformed on the developed obect.

) peer review

if you are a senior developer you can perform peer review. i.e review thecode written by your peers.

) working on problem ticketsif you are working in a support proect, you should solve the ticketsassigned to you. tickets are nothing butthe problems occured in production environment.


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the above mentioned are the maor roles and responsibilities for atechnical consultant.

system landscapethe system landscape contains all systems that were installed. thecustomer can choose any landscapeaccording to the requirements.if the customer is very big, one can implement four system landscapes.mid si6e customers can go for twosystem landscape.now we will see different system landscapes

four system landscape

in this landscape, we will find four systems,1) development system!) test system") pre0production system) production systemin development system, we find three clients1--1-15-1-- can be used as configuration client. 1- can be used fordevelopment. 15- can be used for testingpurpose in development system.the test system contains two clients-1----1- can be used for testing, where as --can be used for trainingpurposes.the pre0production system is the one which behaves eactly asproduction system. it contains data similar to

production system. we can test with similar production data.production system contains one client where the end users will beworking with real time data supporting dayto day business.


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cts (c$ange and transport system) ,

the cts is the central tool for managing changes to customi6ing andrepository data that we make in the img

or abap workbench.

as we have discussed earlier, a transport request cab be eithercustomi6ing request or abap workbenchrequest.

a customi6ing request can be created by the customi6ing tool img.

an abap workbench request can be created by abap workbench tool.any changes or obects we develop

through abap workbench are stored in repository tables of sapdatabase.

as an abap developer you will be working with abap workbench andthus you create work bench requests.

a functional consultant works with configuration tool img (sapimplementation guide) t0code spro, thuscreating customi6ing requests.

transport organi'er,

transport organi6er is the tool provided by sap which records anddocuments all changes to obects in therepository and customi6ing. the transaction code for transportorgani6er is se1- or se-2.

transport organi6er is fully integrated with abap workbench andcustomi6ing tool img. that means you can

navigate in both directions from transport organi6er to abapworkbench and reverse also.

development class,

development classes are used to group similar work obects that arebeing developed in a proect.


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while creating development class we must assign it to the transportlayer.

all the obects assigned to that development class can be transportedaccording to the routes defined in thetransport layer.

defining transport layer and routes is sap basis administrator ob. thetransport layer defines transportroute between the systems included in system landscape.

the development classes are themselves obects in the abapworkbench.

the development class of a development class is always itself.c$ange re-uest,

information source in the transport organi6er that records andmanages all changes made to repositoryobects and customi6ing settings during a development proect.

tas%,

a task is assigned to a change request.

it is the information carrier in the transport organi6er for entering andmanaging all changes to repositoryobects and customi6ing settings performed by employees within adevelopment proectvpn (virtual private networ%)where are your sap servers located= you might have faced thisquestion in interviews. the answer is

simple. in general the servers will be located at client side. you maybe working for any company like wipro,ibm, tcs or infosys. that it company may be implementing the sap fora customer in uk. though you workfrom it company, the servers will be located at client side only.

how do you connect to sap servers which are at client side, if you are


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working from offshore=we can connect through internet or private lines. if you use internet, itis not secure because of itsaccessibility to public. private lines are costly for the companies. here

vpn comes into picture.

as the name itself tells us that it is secure. we will see what eactly itis.a virtual private network is a private communications network usedwithin a company, or by severalcompanies or organi6ations to communicate confidentially over non0private network.

from the above definition it is clear that vpn also uses non0private

network like internet. but it creates avirtual netwotell me the eample vpn software names=att and citri. there are many vpn softwares in the market.

in general, you will be given with a user name and password for vpn.by using the user name andpassword you can connect to vpn.then you have to use the sap user id and password to connect to the

sap server.now it is clear that vpn user id different from sap user id.types of proects,we can divide the sap proects into three categories. they are1) sap implementation proects!) sap support proects") sap migration proects

1) sap implementation proectsin this type of proects, customers are moving towards sap software.

previously they might be using someother software.

!) sap support proectsonce sap proect is implemented, it should be supported by theconsultants in day0to0day business. insupport proects, the support team helps the customer in day0to0day


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business.

") sap migration proectsas we see, sap is continuously upgrading the r/" software. customers

are moving from the older versionsto new versions. when the customer decides to new version, it iscalled sap migration proects.now0a0days many customers are migrating from older versions like. or .3b, .3c to ecc .- or ecc 3.-versions.