4791 4795.output

* GB785198 (A)

Description: GB785198 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improved extreme pressure lubricants

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventors: VIVIAN ALEXANDER MOFFATT and ISAAC CHARLES HAROLD ROBINSON 785,198 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 30, 1956. No 13137/56. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 2 ( 3), Cl E 1 K( 2: 8), C 1 E 3 K( 2: 8: 9); and 91, F( 1: 2: 3). International Classification:-CO 7 c Cl Om. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Extreme Pressure Lubricants We, " SHELL" RESEARCH LIMITED, a British company, of St Helen's Court, Great. St Helen's, London, E C 3, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is' toi be performed, tot bei particuilarly describled in and by the following statement:- This inventiont relates to lubricating conpositions particularly suitable for lubrication under extreme opterating conditions, such as under extreme pressure, high speed and high temperature conditions. It is well known that the high pressures occurring in certain types of gears and bear1 S ings may cause a film of lubricant roi rupture with Conaequent damage to, the nachinery.

It has b'een shown that' lubricating oils, such as mineral or synthetic lubricating oils, can be improved with regard to' their-prrotective effect on rubbing surfaces, by the addition of certain substanoes, o that excessive wear, scuffing and seizure, which normally follow a break in the film of lubricant, can be prevented even under very unfavourable pressure and speed conditions Lubricants possessing this highly desirable property are called extreme pressure lubricants It has now been found that lubricating oil compositions; containing a di-ester of a f-hhalo substituted alkane dicarboxylic acid, 'the carbon chain of which acid may ble intr=uptedr by an oxygen or a, sulphur atom, have satisfactory extrene pressure characteristics The /-halo diesters as' hereinbefore definied' may contain other substituents, attached' either to' the / carbon atoms or to any other carbon atom of the molecule Preferred are the products which aplart from the halogen, atoms attached to' the f/ carbon atoms have also' halogen atoms attached to the a carbon atomis The conipositions contain preferably 5% by weight and still more prderably from 10-20 % by weight of the di-ester as hereinbefore defined ^ The lubricating bis used in the cotuposilPnice 3 s 6 d l tions of this invention can be any natural or synthetic oil having lubricating properties. Thus' -the oil may be a hydrocarbon, oil obtained from a-paraffindc or naphthenic stock and/or mtures thereof -The viscosity of 50 these oils may vary over a, wide range such as from L 40 SUS at 1000 F to 1000 SUS at 210 " F The hydrocarbon oils may be blended with fatty oils, such, as castor oil or lard oil, andi/or-with synthetic lubricating oils, such-as 55 polymerised -eones, copolymets; of alkylene glycolsi and alkylene, oxides, organic esters, for example di( 2 ethlexyl) sebavate, dinonylsebacate, dinonyladiipate, dioctyl phthalate and trioctyl' phosphate, polymeric litahydro 60 furan and ptolyalkyl silicone polymiers for example dimiethyl siicone polymer If desired, the synthetic lubricating oils may be used as the sle lubricating -oil or admixed with fatty oils Moreover, the lubricating oil 65 used may lye thickened to a grease conisistency with a soap such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth ie soapi of a fatty acid or a substituted fatty -acid, or an inorganic gelling' agent such asl silica or-a clay" 70 The -diesters which -impart -the extremie pressurte proipirdles to the coiipiositiobsi with which ther inentioti is concetned are the diesters' of anyhalcohl and a /3-haleo substituted alkane dicarboxylic acid, the carbon chain of 75 which-acid may be interruptd by an oxygen or a suiphur ato Exafuples of such acids are 3,/ 13-diciorlad<ipic acidd, & 13/'-ttra chlbro adipic acid, -hexachlomadipic acid, a,a',ffl,/3,-tetrachlorosebadc aci'd and in gen 80 eral the mono and di-/3-halogen derivatives of alkane dicarboxylic acids suich as gliitaric acid, 1,2-dimethylglutaric acid, 1; 2-dimthvladipic acid',

pimelic acid, 1,2,5-trim-thylpinelic acid, suberic acid, azxelaic acid, iidnan-1: 9-dicarb 85 oxylic acid ahd decane-l: f Odicarboxy Vlic a-cid n eixampfe of al dicarboxylic acid in which the carbon chaif is interrupted by a sulphur atolm is the producr of the formula: HOOC-(CH,),-S-(CH,),-COOHI 90 Pt Ice 25 p 1 1 1 3 -:_,The alcohol component of the esters is preferably a, monohydric alcohol capable of forming a diester with the dicarboxylic acids as hereinbefore defined. P Preference -is giver to -alkanols, more in particular to those with 6 to 9 carbon atoms, such as -hexanoll, 3-ethylhexanol, 2-methylheptanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol However, other alcohols such as azyl-substituted alcohols and alcohols containing heterocydlic substituents such as furfuryl alcohol also fal within the scope of the invention,. Diesters accordin t 6 the invention may be prepared by any suitable method such as, for insance, by reacting chlorine with an alkane dicarboxylic acid and esterifing the resulting halogenated dicarboxylic acid with a suitable alcohol rt may be advantageous first to con vert the dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding dinmethylester into the acid dichloride such as by reaction with thionyl chloride and then to react this acid dichloride with gaseous chlorine so as to effect the substitution of hydrogen by chlorine atoms The chlorination, may be effected in the prsence of a catalyst such as iodine. The chlorinated dichloride is then reacted with a suitable alcohol so as to form the desired hslenated diester. For thlpfciipuse of the inventon it is not necessary to isolate the prure halogenated di-. esters It is alsopossibld to use the crude reaction mi-xtre of which the halogenated diesters formtr the pcipal nponents the The following,am 1 pl illmustrate e presnt R -' inventioni EXAMPLE I -A product comfsistn p in of 1 J teta-clbo ( 4;/,/31 BB) dernvatives-of di( 315,5: trimethyl-hex<yl) 6 sehaerte (aisci cailed dinonj 12 sebacatei was pfepaed in the following_ manner: 4.0 mols of sebaciidn 12 &inols of thiosnyl cinridewere 6 reacted for 8 iours at-500 C and then refluxed for a-nothert hiurThis gave asield of approxintely 85 % of sebacyl diclorider The dichlloride was then reacted with gaseous chlorine unti a weightfincrease corre phnding;gto-the adiltion of fourchlorhi&ie atoms hadccur:red, e tetiichlori-'nated dichlorid&cwas:then mined, with -3,5,5trijdethylhexanol and allowed-to stand-overnighrt To mpletebtreaciion,^ lle nibae was h-eatei Tfor 2 liou= on a watd b 1 ath at 60to 7 W O C vith stifrring andc theresiter stpiiakfted frn the aqueous pliase? The solvent-and-the ess-:,5,52 trimethylheixanolwere

then r& moved bjdistiaion ^ t Af th pih oduct thusbtaned-habeei dri-d ihd: iurified by distillation Tind re ducd pressure-(yield approximaately 90 %O -on the diaciide) it 7 was tested in, the 4-ball machffe; and -kive a 21 sgc 6nd seizur delay load of 130 kg, cempirad with a figure 6 f 73 kg risi-g at tbien o 7 te O % lubrct ing il sebom-: 6 S prising ai blend of 70 % wt dinonlyl sebacate, % wt dioctyl sebacate, and 10 % wt dinonyl adipate A blend of 10 % of the tetrachlorinated diesrer in the aforementioned base esters also gave a figure of 130 kg. Ex AMPLE H 70 The tetrachloro (cc Ii) derivative of adipic acid dimethylester was prepared in the following manner A mixture of 660 g adipic acid and 1,620 g. thionyl chloride was sted at 50 ( 60 C for 75 3 hours The mixture was sttipped on, the water bath under water pump, vacuumr and the residue was distilled under high vacuum to yield 419 g ( 51 % yield) of adipyl dichloride, a water-white oily liquid having a boiling 80 point of 73 C at a pressure of 0 2 mm. mercury -A portion of the adipyl dichioride, prepared as above, was chlorinated with gaseous chlorine until a Weight increase corresponding to 85 the formation of a tetrachloro (,I 3,P') adipyl dichloride had occurred U V illumination was uted to catalyse the reaction', and, after two chlorine atoms per molecule had beenf absoibed, ithe reaction mixture was heated to 90 (-120 ' C, to, speed up the chlorination. 166 g of the tetrachloro di-acid chloride, prepared as above, was slowly added with stirring and cooling to 500) ml methanol After standing overnight, the mixture was poured 95 into 1000 nil water and the dimethyl ester was earacred by means of ether The ether extract was washed with a dilute aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and then with water until the washings were neutral After 100 drying over manesium sulphate and filtering, the solvent was stripped off and the residue was distilled under high vacuum to yield 134 2 g ( 83 %) of dimethyl >j'l B,,-etrachloroadipate a viscous yellow oil with a boiling 105 point of 104 -120 C at a pressure of 0 05 -0.1 nm Im mercury. A blend of 10 % by weight of fhis ester in a synthetic lubricating oil coiing of 70 % wt di&onyl sehacate, 20 % wt dioctyl sebacate 110 and 10 % wzt dinonyladipate gave on the 4-ball machine a 2: second seizure delay load of 15-2 kg EXAMPLE m Thre 7 batches of grease were prepared 115 from a R phenylmethyl silicone fluid and from blends -of phetylmethyl silicone fluid with dinnylsebacate and dinonyl D tetrachlorosebacate, prepared acording to the method dbscribed in, Example I The gelling agent 120 was cblloidaf

silica, water-proofed with 25 %/G wt (on Si O 0) of a condensation product of epichlorohydrin and ammonia which had been, converted?' into a pa-ptal amide by reactiolt withd ao amounlt of stearic acid, equiva 125 lent ta doe third of itsmbasicity In all three blends phenyl niiaphthylamine (PAN) was used as an oxidation inhibitor The compositiorr of the thiet trases is indicated in Table I, the percentages being by weight 130 785,198 785,198 TABLE I. Comp, 1. phenylmiethyl silicone fluid dinonylsebacate dinonyl tetrachlorosebacate water-proofed, silica phenyl a-naphthylamine The three greases were compared in the so-called Navy Gear Wear test wherein the loss in weight of a leaded, bronze gear in milligram per thousand cycles is -measured T Ai Grease Weigh Comp, 2 Comp 3. 94.5 % 66 1 % 66 1 % 28 4 _, 28 4 5.0 5 0 5 0 0.5 O 5 0 5 under a load of 5 and 10 pounds respectively. The result of the experiments is summarised in Table II. 3 LE II t loss in mg under a load of: lbs 10 lbs. Comp 1. Compl 2. Comp L 3. 7.7 2.2 0.5 stripped 6.7 1.5 Since the maximum allowable weight loss in this test is 2 5 mg under a load wof 5 lbs. and 3 51 mng under a -load of 10 lbs it is cear that only the grease containing the dinonyl tetrachioosebacate has satisfactory extreme pressure properties. Compositions of this invention may contain ininor proportions of other lubricating oil additives, such as anti-oxidants, cortosion inhibitors or anti-rusting compounds, wear reducing, agents, blooming agents, pour point depressants, viscosity improver S and, antifoaming, agents Antioadants which may be used comprise several types, for example alkyl phenols, such as 2,4,6-trimethyl phenol, pientaethyl phenol, 2,4 dimethyl 6 -tertiary-butyl phenol, 2,4dimnethiyl-6-octyl phenol, 2,6-iertiary-butyl4-meffiyl phenol and 2,4,6-tritertiary-butyl phenol, aminol phenols, such as bienzyl amino phenols and amnines,'such; as dibutylphenyleffe diamine, diphenylene diamine, diphenylatnine, N phenyl-bieta-naphthyliamine, N phenylalpha-naphthylamiine and dinaphthylamine. Examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors or anti-rusting compounds; which may be used are the dicarboxylic acids' having 16 or more carbon aroms in the molecule and organic compounds; containing acidic radicals in close proximity to a nitrile, nitro or nmtoso group, for example alpha cyano stearic acid. Wear redmcing agents which may be used comprise esters of phosphorus acids, such as triaryl, alkaryl or aralkyl phosphates, thiophosphates

or phosphlites; and neutral aromatic sulphur compounds of relatively high boiling point, such as diaryl sulphides, diaryl disuiphides, alkyl aryl disuilphides, for example diphenyl sulphide, diphenol sulphide, dicresol sulphide, dixylenol sulphide, methyl butyl diphenol sulphide, dibenzyl sulphide and the correspionding di and tri-sulphides. As anr example of a suitable anti-foaming agent dimethyl silicone polymier can be mentioned Additional ingredients may comprise oil-,soluble urea or thiourea derivatives, for example urethanes, allophanates, carbazides and carbazones, polyisobutylene polymers and polymerised unsaturated esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols. Depending upon the essential additives used and' conditions under which they are used, the amount of optional additives used may vary from 0 01 to 2 % or higher.

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* GB785199 (A)

Description: GB785199 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Apparatus for shaping electromagnetic wave-guides

Description of GB785199 (A)

1 1,\P r 7 z - 'I U 2 1 PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859199 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 1, 1966 No 13375156 r. Application made in United States of America on May 2, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance -Classes 83 ( 2), A( 49:122 K); and 83 ( 4), Q 1

X, Q 2 (A 5: A 14: C 3 H: E). International Classification:-B 23 d, p. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Apparatus for Shaping Electromagnetic Wave-Guides. We, WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, of 195 Broadway, New York City, New York State, United States of America, a Corporation of the State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to apparatus for shaping electromagnetic wave-guides, and more particularly to apparatus for altering the cross-sectional configuration of an end portion of a wave-guide. In the use of tubular member for the transmission of high frequency electromagnetic waves it has been found that thin-walled tubular members serve satisfactorily as waveguides, providing that the internal crosssectional dimensions are kept within close tolerances It has also been found that such transmission is very satisfactory when wave guides of a rectangular or of a circular cross-sectional configuration are used It becomes necessary in certain wave guide installations to use both wave guides of rectangular and circular cross-sections, and the problem then is presented to provide a suitable coupler or transformer section which may serve to connect both such crosssectional wave guides and yet maintain the. proper electrical transmission properties. Such a coupler or transformer section must be of rectangular cross-sectional configuration at one extremity, of circular crosssectional configuration at the opposite extremity, and of a properly tapered intermediate configuration. The invention provides apparatus for altering the shape of an end portion of an electromagnetic wave-guide so that the crosssection of the end portion changes along its length from rectangular to circular at its outer extremity, which apparatus comprises a base, a mandrel mounted at one end on the base and extending inwardly thereover and of which the cross-sectional contour changes along its length from circular to rectangular at its inner or free extremity, a carriage mounted on the base opposite the inner extremity of the mandrel for supporting the wave-guide with its end portion projecting from the carriage towards and in alignment with the mandrel, the carriage being movable on the base towards and away from the mandrel, a pair of longitudinally recessed dies together having an internal cross-sectional contour similar to the crosssectional contour of the mandrel and which are attached to the carriage and project therefrom on opposite sides of the end portion of the wave-guide and are

transversely movable with respect to the direction of movement of the carriage, and means for advancing the carriage supporting the waveguide and the attached pair of dies towards the mandrel so that the end portion of the wave-guide is forced over the mandrel and the dies are caused at the same time by camming members secured to the base to move towards each other into engagement with the outer surface of the end portion of the wave-guide to impart the requisite alteration in shape thereto in conjunction with the mandrel X In the specific embodiment of the invention to be described hereinafter the dies are each slidably attached to the carriage by means of a transversely extending projection and groove connection which permits the dies to be moved towards each other as the carriage and dies are advanced, and the camming members comprise a pair of blocks secured to the base on opposite sides of the 815 - 1 _lj t. ' ' '1; 1 11 i -114, 1 1 L,' ' i1. common longitudinal axis of the mandrel and wave-guide and which are provided with inner surface inclined to the axis for causing the advancing dies to move towards each other. To aid in achieving this result, the dies are provided with inclined outer surfaces mating with the inclined inner surfaces of the blocks and are slidably attached to the blocks by means of longitudinally extending projection and groove connections. The apparatus to be described utilizes a mandrel which-is longitudinally split or sectionalized to facilitate its removal from the shaped end portion of the wave-guide, and which comprises a central longitudinal section and two opposite side sections separated from the central section by plane surfaces parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel and wave-guide, the two side sections being detachably held in abutting relation with the central section by inserting their outer ends remote from the carriage in a groove in a block secured to the base and to which block the central section, also extending into -the groove, is attached. The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of the above-mentioned specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig 1 is a plan view, partly broken away, showing the relative positions of the base, 3:5 mandrel, wave-guide and carriage in the unoperated position; Fig 2 is a view similar to Fig 1 but partly in section and showing the respective elements in their operated positions with the end portion of the wave-guide shaped; Fig 3 is a view similar to Figs 1 and 2 after the shaping operation has been completed and the respective elements are starting to return to their unoperated positions; Fig 4 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows, Fig 5 is a cross-sectional

view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig 6 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6-6 of Fig 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig 7 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 7-7 of Fig 4 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig 8 is a perspective view of the sectional mandrel in assembled condition; Fig 9 is a plan view of the mandrel in Fig 8-: Fig 10 is a side elevation view of the mandrel shown in Fig 9; Fig 11 is a cross-sectional view of the mandrel taken substantially on the line 11-11 of Fig 9 and looking in the direction of the arrows:Fig 12 is an end elevation view of the mandrel shown in Fig 8, taken as shown by the line 12-12 in Fig 10 and looking in 70 the direction of the arrows; and Fig 13 is a perspective view of the shaped end portion of the wave guide. With reference to the drawings, and more particularly Figs 1 to 4 thereof, it will be 75 seen that the apparatus comprises a base 16 which may be secured to the floor or held secure because of its weight Secured to the base 16 are a pair of substantially L-shaped members 17 The members 17 are positioned 80 by locating pins or dowels 18 and are held secure by machine screws or bolts 19 The members 17 are substantially parallel to each other and are positioned in an inverted manner so that an extending leg of each 85 thereof forms an overhang, which defines a guideway between the base 16 and the overhanging leg. Near the opposite extremity of the base 16 there is secured a block 21, which is posi 90 tioned by pins 22 and secured by bolts 23. The block 21 is provided with a substantially rectangular groove 24 extending partially therein and a circular aperture 25 extending therethrough at right angles to and 95 intersecting the groove 24 at approximately the-midpoint thereof The aperture 25 receives a pin 26. Also secured-to the base 16 and in abutting relation to portions of the block 21 are 100 a pair of blocks 27, the surfaces of which facing each other are angular with respect to the base 16 so that the maximum distance between the blocks is at the ends nearest the members 17 and the minimum distance 105 is at the ends near the block 21 The angular surfaces are designated as 28, Fig 6, and are provided at top, and bottom with overhanging L-shaped portions 29 One leg of each of the portions 29 extends parallel to the 110 adjacent surface 28 and so serves to define a groove therebetween The blocks 27 may be secured to the base by any suitable means, such as bolts 31 A pair of connecting members 32 are secured by bolts 33 to the 115 upper surface of the blocks 27. A slide or carriage designated generally by the numeral 34 is provided which is connected at its leftward extremity by a threaded member 36 to a suitable source of recipro 120 cating power (not shown), such as

a piston or a horizontal ram of a power press The carriage 34 is further provided with a longitudinally extending substantially rectangular groove 37 which-begins short of its middle 125 and extends to the rightward extremity A top plate 38 having bayonet slots 39 is adapted to be secured by means of machine screws 41 to the upper surface of the carriage 34 so as to cover a portion of the groove 37 130 785,199 785,199 The under surface of the plate 38 may bserrated A pair of stops 42 are secured to the carriage by any suitable means at preeterm'ined positions to overhang the top and side of the carriage, so that they may engage the ends of the members 17 The carriage 34 is positioned on the base 16 and under the overhanging legs of the members 17 so as to move in the guldeway provided thereby. A pair of shaping dies 43 having complementary shaping inserts 44 positioned therein are slidably attached to the rightward extremity of the carriage 34 by means of an upward extending integral portion 46 extending across the width of the carriage 34 and engaging grooves 47 formed in the lower surface of the dies 43 (Fig 4) Because of this construction the dies 43 may move on the portion 46 toward and away from each other in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the carriage 34 The outer surfaces of the dies 43 are provided with integral projections 48 at the top and bottom thereof which are located in the grooves formed by the portions 29 extending from the surfaces 28 of the blocks 27 In this manner the dies 43 may travel in the blocks 27. A sectional mandrel, designated generally by the numeral 51, is disclosed in Figs 8 to 10, inclusive As viewed in Fig 8 the mandrel 51 comprises a central longitudinal section 52 separating two independent tide sections 53 and 54 The central section 52 is provided near its rightward extremity with a circular aperture 56 The side sections 53 and 54 are each provided at their rightward extremities with a concave semicircular portion 57 The three sections of the mandrel 51 are of such a configuration that when in an assembled condition, Fig. 8, the outer surface or contour of the mandrel will be such as to be of substantially rectangular shape at the leftward extremity of the three sections and of circular shape at their rightward extremity The intermediate portion between the two extremities will have a contour tapering from rectana 50 gular to circular It should be noted that the rightward extremity of the central or middle section 52 extends beyond the extremities of the tide sections 53 and 54 It should also be noted that the mating or engaging surfaces of the sections 52, 53 and 54 are all plane parallel surfaces. The apparatus serves to provide a waveguide of rectangular cross-section, such as is shown at 58 in Fig 1, with a transformer section end portion shaped as shown in Fig.

13 The end portion 59 has a rectangular Configuration or cross-section at one extremity, which is of the same dimensions as the original wave-guide 58, and a circular configuratioif or cross-section at the opposite extremity, the diameter of the circular extremity being equal to the larger dimension of the rectangular extremity The intermediate part of the end portion is tapered from rectangular to circular as shown in Fig 70 13 It should be noted that the outer shape of the assembled mandrel 51 is substantially the same as the outer shape of the end portion 59, but smaller in size as it acts upon the internal surface of the end portion 59 75 during the shaping operation. In operation, the source of power, not shown, is first operated to move the carriage 34 to the left to the position shown in Fig. 1, its travel being stopped by the stops 42 80 engaging the members 17 During this leftward travel the shaping dies 43 (which move with the carriage) will be separated, because of their projections 48 located in the grooves formed in the blocks 27 and because 85 the blocks are further separated at their leftward extremity due to the angular surfaces 28 However, the dies 43 remain attached to the carriage 34 because of the projecting surface 46 of the carriage 34 being positioned 90 in the groove 47 formed in the dies, which permits transverse movement of the dies. The three-section mandrel 51, held in its assembled position, as shown in Fig 8, is then inserted with its rightward extremity, 95 Fig 8, in the groove 24 in the block 21 The pin 26 is then inserted through the aperture in the block 21 and the aperture 56 in the middle section 52 of the mandrel The side sections 53 and 54 of the mandrel are 100 positioned so that their concave surfaces 57 abut the pin 26 It should be noted that because of the size and length of the groove 24 once the assembled mandrel 51 is placed in position it will remain in that position 105 The top plate 38 is next removed and a length of rectangular wave-guide 58 inserted in the groove 37 of the carriage 34 It should be noted that the width and depth of the groove 37 is such as neatly to accommodate 110 the wave-guide The length of wave-guide is positioned in the groove 37 with its rightward extremity approximately aligned with the rightward extremity of the shaping dies 43 Any space which is left in the left ex 115 tremity of the groove 37 is filled by a suitably sized block 61 which is secured in the groove The top plate 38 is then tightened in place, in which position and because of its serrations it will firmly hold the wave 120 guide 58 in place. The source of reciprocating motive power is thereupon operated in the reverse direction to move the carriage 34 towards the right As the carriage 34 advances toward 125 the stationary mandrel 51 the rectangular wave-guide 58 secured to and moving therewith is forced

over the leftward or unsecured extremity of the mandrel 51 At the same time, as the shaping dies 43 are 130 ahead of and attached to the carriage 34 by the projection and groove connection 46. 47 they also will be urged towards the right,but because they are also movably attached by means of the projection and groove connection 48, 29-to the blocks 27 they will be cammed or moved transversely towards the outer surface of the adjoining end portion of the: wave-guide 58 10: The= carriage 34 continues to force -the wave-guide 58 & over the -mandrel 51 and the shaping Xdies= 43 continue to be cammed bythe blocks 27 towards the wave-guide until the end of travel of the carriage -34 and source of power is-reached, at which time the X various elements assume the relative positions shown in Fig 2 At this time the waveguide 58 will have been advanced sufficiently over the mandrel 51 and the shaping dies 43 2 '0 will have engaged and shaped the outer surfades of the end portion of the wave-guide to form the finished coupler or transformer section 59 shown in Fig 13. In order to remove the coupler 59, the carriage 34 is again moved in the opposite = -direction towards the position shown in Fig. 1 -However, shortly after it starts to travel the condition shown in Fig -3 occurs, in which the coupler 59 being withdrawn moves the side sections -53 and 54 of the mandrel 51 with it, which may readily -be done as these sections were not secured by the pin 26 but only abutted it The middle section 52 remains secured to the block 21 The mandrel 51, being thus disassembled, may i be readily removed from the coupler 59;: :The top plate 38 is then removed and the coupler removed from the groove 37 Thereafter -the same procedure is repeated for each succeeding shaping operation. V While a-specific embodiment of the invention has been described, he invention is not limited thereto as the apparatus is clearly susceptible of modification in various ways within the scope of -the invention as defined by the appended claims.


* GB785200 (A)

Description: GB785200 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improved magnetic tape apparatus


)i ' TE SPEC_;CAT I ON _, PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 1, 1956 No 13429/56. Application made in United States of America on lay 26, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 103 ( 1), E 2 C 1 (F 1 P 2: G 13: G 14). International Classification:-FO 6 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improved Magnetic Tape Apparatus. We, AMPEX CORPORATION, a Corporation of the State of California, United States of America, of 934 Charter Street, Redwood City, State of California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates generally to magnetic tape apparatus of the type employed for recording and/or reproducing sound or other recorded frequencies More particularly it pertains to braking means used in connection with the turntables for supporting the supply and takeup reels. In apparatus of the above character it is important under certain operating conditions to apply predetermined braking torques to the turntables Assuming that separate driving motors are connected to the turntables, and that a third motor rotates the driving capstan, when power is removed from these motors it is important to maintain tape tension by the application of proper braking torques This condition arises after a fast forward movement of the tape, or at the conclusion of a rewind operation The braking torques must be applied in such a manner that the braking of the trailing turntable, that is the turntable from which the tape is being removed, exceeds that of the leading turntable However the difference should not be sufficiently great as to cause tape breakage or deformation.

In general it is an object of the present invention to provide braking means for magnetic tape apparatus which will apply the necessary braking torques in an effective manner, without causing tape breakage or deformation. Another object of the invention is to provide braking means of the above characlPrice 3 s 6 d l ter which is simple in mechanical construction, and which can be controlled by a single solenoid or like operating means. Another object of the invention is to provide braking means of the above character which is self de-energizing or self relieving in its action, and which is independent of variations in coefficient of friction. Additional objects and features of the invention will appear from the following descriptions in which the preferred embodiment has been set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. Referring to the drawing:Figure 1 is a top plan view showing a magnetic tape apparatus of the type with which the present invention can be employed. Figure 2 is a bottom plan view, with exagerated spacing between the shafts, showing braking means for the turntables In taking this view it is assumed that Figure 1 is rotated on a longitudinal axis with the upper part of the view swinging forwardly and downwardly. Figure 3 is a view showing braking action for the supply turntable at the end of a rewind operation. Figure 4 is a view illustrating the braking action for the takeup turntable at the end of a rewind operation. Figure 5 is a view illustrating the manner in which the braking means is released during normal operation. In E 1 igure 1 of the drawing we have schematically illustrated a magnetic tape apparatus consisting of supply and takeup turntables 11 and 12, which are adapted to mount the conventional supply and takeup reels The length of tape extending between the turntables is adapted to move across the magnetic head assembly 13, which can consist of record and playback transducer units, and the customary erase unit The tape is r -, , k ' F 7859200 65. 785,200 engaged by -the driving capstan 14, against which the tape is pressed by -the idler roller Generally (he parts schematically illusi-trated in Figure 1 are mounted upon a panel 16, on the other side of which are -other parts of the apparatus, including the electrical motors (not shown) for driving the turntables and the capstan 14: Additional tape engaging parts may include the guide assembly 17, compliance pin and arm 18, 19 and safety switch arm 20 The braking means used with -the turntables -is shown -in Figure 2 It i is assumed that the shafts 21 and 22 are the shafts which carry the

turntables -l and 12 These shafts also operatively connect with the-turntable or driving -motors (not shown) Braking wheels or drums 23 and_ 24 are carried by the shafts 20) 21 and 22, and provide peripheral surfaces that are engaged by the brake bands 26. The brake bands and the means connected to the sam r ithe same for each of the -turntables Each arrangementaincludes an operating-rod -27, having its-one end pro:vided with a: pivotal connection 28 to the adjacent end of the brake band The other end of the band is attached to the tension spring 29, which has its one end anchored to a fixed support The brake band is pro: vided xwith a linine 31 of suitable-inaterial, -such as: asbestos cloth, for frictionally en gaging the peripheral surface of the drum 23. Means is provided for permitting limited freedom of movement-for that end of the brake band attached to the spring 29 This means can consist of apin 32 that is secured to a fixed support, and which engages within a slot 33 formed in the member 34 The member 34 in this instance forms -the connecting means between the band and the spring 29 _ It will be noted that the freedom and the pull of spring 29 are in a direction tangential with respect to the periphery of the wheel 23 The operating rod 27 and that end of the band attached to the same, is urged toward brake engaging position by tension spring: 36 This spring has its one-end secured to a fixed support and its other end attached to the arm 37, which in turn is mounted upon rod 27 The direction of pull-of the spring -=:36 applies a force component tangential to the wheel-23, and also a component tending the wheel; -As previously -mentioned the braking means for the wheel 24 is the same as for 6 wheel 23 Te common operating means for the -two braking means can consist of a -: shaft 41 connected to suitable electrical motive means, -such as -a solenoid of the _rotary type (not shown) The two arms 42 are attached to shaft 41, and have openings 6,.5: in their free ends to loosely accommodate the operating rods 27 Both rods 27 are threaded to accommodate the stop nuts 43. Between each stop nut and the corresponding arm 42, suitable spacing means is inserted, such as the collar 44 and the washer 70 46. Each rod 27 is held against displacement by suitable means such as the finger or table 47 This finger is carried by the mounting panel, and confines the corresponding rod 27 75 to movement in a restricted space extending between the finger and the panel, whereby the -rod in turn maintains its ass Qciated brake band properly tracked upon the corresponding brake drum S 8 The solenoid or other motive means attached to the shaft 41, when energized, serves to rotate the arms 42 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 2. W/hen de-energized rotation of the arms in 85 a clockwise direction is

limited by suitable stop means, such as the stop pin 48 In Figure 2 it is assumed that the turntables are at rest and that the solenoid attached to shaft 41 is de-energized Both bands 26 90 are pulled by the stronger springs 29 to: the limiting positions established by pins 32, and both rods 27 are free with respect to arms 42 X Operation of the braking means described 95 above is as follows: -When the motors are -being energized for recording or reproducing operations, proper tape tensions are maintained by the manner in which the motors connected to the turntables 11 and 12, are 100 energized In other words, during record operations the motor connected to the takeup turntables drives the same to wind up the tape being supplied from the driving capstan 14, and the motor connected to the 105 supply turntable 11 is energized whereby it applies torque in a direction to maintain tape tension for that portion of the tape extending from the supply reel to -the driving capstan 14 This likewise applies to 110 periods of operation when the tape is moving at a rapid speed, as for example for faster forward movement of the tape, or for rewind back upon the supply turntable. Under all such operating conditions the 115 solenoid attached to the shaft 41 is energized, whereby both brake bands 26 are released by the pull on rods 27, as shown in Figure 5. When the motors are de-energized after a 120 fast forward or rewind operation braking effort is applied to-slow down and stop the turntables in such a manner as to avoid the formation of tape loops It is necessary for the braking force applied to the turntable 125 from which the tape is being removed (i e. the trailing turntable) to be greater than the braking force action on the turntable winding up the tape (i e the leading turntable)-i The difference in braking torque 130 functions necessary to prevent tape slack when the driving motors are de-energized. Because of the self relieving action the braking effort is applied smoothly and with a predetermined amount of torque, thus avoiding excessive tape tension such as might cause breakage or deformation. Although the braking means for the two turntables are similar in construction, they automatically apply different braking torques whereby the trailing turntable is always braked with a torque greater than that applied to the leading turntable. must not be sufficient to cause deformation or breakage of the tape Assuming now that a rewinding operation has been carried out, and that the motors have just S been de-energized, it is necessary to brake both the wheels 23 and 24 of Figure 2 against rotation in a clockwise direction. Referring particularly to that band engaging the wheel 23 (corresponding to the tape supply reel), the band tends to rotate

withthis wheel but is stopped by engagement with the pin 32 Thereafter the braking torque is determined by the friction between the brake drum and the band, and the tension maintained by the weaker spring 36. The frictional force developed on the brake band by the rotating drum is in a direction which opposes the force supplied by the spring, and therefore the brake is self deenergizing or self relieving The brake band associated with drum 24 likewise engages at the same time that the band engages drum 23, to exert braking effort E However in this instance the brake band tends to rotate against the tension of spring 29, instead of against the tension of spring 36. This spring exerts considerably more tension than the spring 36, -and therefore a greater braking torque is applied As shown in Figure 4, it will be noted that after rotation of the band 26 for the brake drum 24 has been arrested by the corresponding stop nut 43, the Din 32 occupies an intermediate position within the slot 33. Thus the stronger tension spring 29 acts directly upon the brake band Here again the brake is self relieving. After a fast forward movement of the tape, the operation is the same as explained above However in this instance the greatest braking torque is applied to the brake drum 23, whereas the brake band for the drum 24 has a braking effort determined by the weaker spring 36. As previously mentioned during all normal operation of the apparatus, the solenoid attached to the shaft 41 is energized whereby rods 27 are positioned (Figure 5) to disengage both the bands from frictional engagement with the associated brake drums. It will be evident from the foregoing that we have provided a relatively simple brake mechanism capable of performing all of the


* GB785201 (A)

Description: GB785201 (A) ? 1957-10-23

An improved runabout chair for children


PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification: April 30, 1956. Application Date: Mllay 18, 1955 No 14373/55. Comnplete Specification Piublished: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 52 ( 2), JIB; and 132 ( 1), Al E. International Classification:-A 47 c A 63 g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. An Improved Runabout Chair for Children. I, So Fus EMIL JULIUS MARIUS JENSEN, a Danish Subject, of Oldbury Hatch, Ightham, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention concerns an improved construction of chair of runabout variety particularly though not exclusively intended for use by young children who are in the stage of learning to walk. According to the invention, the chair cornprises a rigid framework made of metal tubing or rod and embodying a base frame of relatively heavy gauge tubing or rod fitted with wheels or castors, and a superstructure of lighter tubing or rod disposed on and rigidly connected with the base frame, the superstructure comprising horizontally extending tubes or rods, on which a seat is superposed, and an enclosure for the body of the user. In order to enable the invention to be readily understood, reference is directed to the accompanying drawing, in which:Figure 1 is an elevation illustrating one embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 a plan of Figure 1; and Figure 3 an elevation of another embodiment. The embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a rigid framework of metal tubing having its various tubular parts connected together by welding or brazing The base frame 10 of relatively heavy gauge tubing is of square shape with well-rounded corners and at each corner curve is fitted with a swivelling wheel or castor 11 The superstructure of lighter tubing, i e of smaller diameter than the base frame tubing, comprises_oweti-arts 12 inclined upwardly lPri l from two corners, and the middle of one side, of the base frame 10 These lower parts merge into vertical parts 13 which at the top carry a ring 14. Spanning two of the bends between the parts 12 and 13 is a horizontal cross tube 15, and extending between the remaining bend and the cross tube 15 is another horizontal tube 16 These tubes 15 and 16 have

superposed on, and fixed to, them a fla W seat 17 of saddle-like shape in plan thlie parts 13, 14 of the superstructure form an enclosure for the body of the user and the seat 17 lies within and at the bottom of such enclosure adjacent to the lower end of the vertical tube portions 13 If desired a back 18 of sheet metal or wood may be comprised in the enclosure. According to Figure 3, the superstructure at the lower part comprises tubes embodying horizontal parts 20, 21 lying at rightangles to each other in plan, and curved end parts 22, 23 The parts 22 curve upwardly and inwardly from opposite sides of the rectangular base frame 10 to the horizontal part 20 The other horizontal part 21 terminates at one end at, and is there connected to, the mid-point of the horizontal part 20 and at the other end has a curved part 23 extending upwardly and inwardly from the middle of the front of the base frame The curved parts 22, 23 are suitably all of the same radius The saddle-shaped seat 17 is superposed on, and fixed to, the horizontal parts 20, 21 which present a T formation in plan, like the tubes 15, 16 in Figures 1 and 2, enabling the broad end of the seat to be supported by the cross-part of the T The superstructure in Figure 3 also embodies an enclosure for the body of the user, as before This enclosure comprises a ring 14 carried by three vertical tubes 24 uprising one from the horizontal i 7859201 4,5 74) j 785,201 tube part 21 and the other two from opposite ends of the horizontal tube part 20. As shown, there may be a forwardly inclined strut 25 extending from the front vertical tube 24 to the junction between the horizontal part 21 and its curved forward end part 23 The base frame in Figure 3 is of similar nature to the base frame 10 in Figures 1 and 2 and is similarly fitted with castors 11 The curved back 18 in Figure 3 is shown extending from the ring 14 to the seat 17 It may, however, extend only part of the distance from 14 to 17 as in Figure 1, or the back 18 in Figure 1 may extend from 14 to 17. It will be understood that, in each of the embodiments described, the base frame 10 being of sturdier tubing than the superstructure, provides a sufficiently strong support for the latter The lighter constructed superstructure gives the chair a good appearance and is suitable for its intended purpose namely to give appropriate support for the seat by the horizontal tubes or tube parts, while encircling the body of the user by the ring at the top of the superstructure. This ring forms a sort of rail which the user can grasp if necessary As will be seen from Figure 2, for example, the rail 14 and seat 17 are off-centre rearwards in plan with respect to the base frame 10 giving the user a favourable orientation There is no looseness of the seat, or indeed of any of the parts, and altogether a runabout chair of desirable robustness is provided by the embodiments described.

Obviously, similar advantages could be attained in constructions akin to the above embodiments but comprising, for instance, a circular base frame and a square rail for the body enclosure, and othe Z modifications are possible, for example the use of rod instead of tubing for the framework, without departing from the scope of the invention. Particularly, for a child in the process of learning to walk, the construction of the chair can be such as to provide a useful means whereby the child can support himself By teaching the child to grasp the rail and urging him gently by lightly moving the chair on its wheels or castors, he may be persuaded relatively quickly to get on his feet without fear of being likely to fall. At other times, or between-whiles, the child may use the chair for propelling himself about by using his feet, so that he may the more readily be able to gain confidence in his ability to start walking. The framework may be of steel or of a lighter metal or alloy, e g aluminium.


* GB785202 (A)

Description: GB785202 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to marine hoists


PATENT SP ECIFICATION 7 Date of A pp Dlicatio m and filing Comnplele 'Specificatio n: cky 11, 1956 No 14791/56. Application nade in United States of America on Msay 19, 1955. 0 (rnbplete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.

Index at Acceptance -Classes 78 ( 3), H( 4: 6); and 115, A( 7 9). International Classification:-B 63 c B 66 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Marine Hoists. I, DONALD THOMAS ADAMS, a Citizen of the United States of America, of New London, New London County, Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby declare r) the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement lo This invention relates to marine hoists in general, and more specifically to such hoists for shipside and dockside use. Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of a marine l; hoist for lowering and hoisting stores, personnel and the like; the provision of a marine hoist providing means for the launching and recovery of small craft and rescue of personnel in a seaway; and the provision jo) of a marine hoist which may be used as a substitute for an accommodation ladder. According to the invention a marine hoist comprises a movable carriage and a platform supported by said carriage and adapted to be raised and lowered with respect thereto by hydraulically operated means including a first member secured to the carriage and having a cylinder extending upwardly therefrom, a piston slidable in said cylinder and supporting for movement therewith a second member beneath the first member, a second cylinder extending upwardly from the second member and having a piston slidable therein, a third member supported by said last mentioned piston for movement therewith to which third member the said platform is secured, and means for admitting hydraulic fluid to the said cylinders for raising the platform. According to a further feature of the invention the said first member is pivotally secured to the carriage to permit the platform to be swung outwardly from the carriage and including means for effecting pivoting of the said first member. The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrating one embodiment of the invention, and in which:Figure 1 is an elevation of a marine hoist according to the invention as applied to a ship, the solid lines showing a hoisting position, and the dotted lines showing retracted positions of the hoist; Figure 2 is a left-side view of Figure 1 showing a further hoisting position of parts, and being partially broken away; Figure 3 is a plan view of the solid-line portions of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a view similar to the solid-line elevation of Figure 1, but showing another position of parts for rescue work; Figure 5 is a detail cross section taken on line 5-5 of Figure 1; and Figure 6 is a diagrammatic plan view of an alternative application of the invention.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. In the following description, the hoist will be described as used on the deck of a ship, but it will be understood that it also may be used on a floating or stationary dock. Referring to the drawings, there is shown at numeral 1 a ship in water having a mean surface level 3 The deck of the ship is shown at 5 Located transversely on the deck 5 are guide rails 7 for guiding supporting rollers 9 of a carriage 11 Means are provided for moving the carriage along the rails 7 and locking it in any desired position. These means are not shown, since any well known ones for the purpose may be employed. Thus the carriage 11 may be moved from an inboard position such as shown in dotted 1855202 635 AMM 0 M-Wqw 785,202 lines at Figure 1, to an outboard position, such as shown in solid lines. On the carriage 11 is a first beam 13 pivoted, as shown at 15, for rocking movement accomplished by means of two hydraulic tandem-operating rams, each consisting of a cylinder 17 pivoted to the carriage 11 at 19 In each cylinder 17 is a piston 21 carried on a piston rod 23 which is pivoted to the beam 13 at 25. Attached to and extending upward from the beam 13 is a pair of hydraulic cylinders 27, carrying pistons 29 on piston rods 31. At their lower ends the piston rods 31 are attached to and carry a second beam 33, which has fastened thereto a pair of cylinders 35 The cylinders 35 have sliding passages through the first beam 13 as indicated at 37, The cylinders 35 carry pistons 39 on piston rods 41, which extend out below the second beam 33. At their lower ends the piston rods 41 are attached to a third parallel beam 43 A platform 45 is pivoted to the beam 43 at 47 2, and carries resilient rollers 49 for traversing the ship's side when required The platform may be rocked, relative to the beam 43, by means of a hydraulic ram consisting of a cylinder 51, pivoted to the beam at 53 :3 o and carrying a piston 55 having a piston rod 57 which in turn is pivoted to the carriage at 59 Centering springs 61 are employed in the cylinder 51 at each side of the piston 55. 3.5 Fenders lines 63 are attached to the platform 45 at 65 and extend to and are wrapped around a roller 67 supplying tension by suitable means Under certain circumstances the torque supplied by rollers 67 j for tensioning the lines 63 may exert constant tension, and under others increased tension as the platform 45 is lifted Steadying stay lines 69, attached at 71 to the platform 45, extend to suitable constant tension means located at appropriate points on the ship deck Hydraulic power and control means are employed for supplying hydraulic fluid to the cylinders 17, 27, 35 and 51 The tension, power and

control , means referred to in this paragraph are not shown or described, because various types of such means are well known in the art and do not constitute parts of the the invention per se. 5,, From the above, it will be clear that the beam 33 is capable of being lowered and raised with respect to beam 13 by operation of the pistons 29 in the cylinders 27 Such lowering and raising of the beam 33 carries e, with it the cylinders 35, which slide up and down in, and are guided by, the beam 13 in any angled position of the latter Thus in Figure 4 the beam 33 has been extended from beam 13 for retrieving objects from i the water at a distance from the ship In addition, the beam 43 is capable of being raised and lowered with respect to beam 33 by action of the pistons 39 in cylinders This is possible in any raised or lowered position of the cylinders 35 Thus, 70 for example shown in Figure 1 the beam 33 is in elevated position and the beam 43 is extended straight downward, providing for moving the platform 45 straight up and down adjacent to the shin 1 It will be 75, apparent that such movement could also be provided by allowing the beam 43 to maintain its position just beneath beam 33 and operating the latter by actuating its pistons 29 Thus stores, personnel, small craft and so the like may be vertically raised and lowered, or the platform 45 substituted for an accommodation ladder, or as a platform for an accommodation ladder. In the case in which rescue work or S. recovery of small craft such as shown at 73 is to be accomplished by the operations illustrated in Figure 4, the upper beam 13 is rocked and the lower beam 33 extended downward, the cylinders 35 sliding in the 9 n upper beam 13 As required under the circumstances, the lower beam 43 may be extended further downward, so as to place the platform 45 beneath the mean water level 3 at a substantial distance from the 95 ship Then the platform is adjusted to an appropriate position and raised so that the craft 73 rests upon it, whereupon it is brought inward to the ship's side and then raised as suggested in Figure 1 Xk, After the platform is raised to the dottedline position of Figure 1, the carriage 11 may be retracted to the right on the ship deck, as shown in dotted-lines at the right in Figure 1 If it supports stores, personnel 10 i or the like, they may be unloaded In the case of a boat such as 73, it may be desirable to employ fore-and-aft tracks, such as shown at 75 on which is a dolly 77 for facilitating unloading after suitable retrac 110 tion of the carriage 11. It will be understood that suitable means are provided on the platform 45 for safety and the prevention of damage to craft such as 73 as by covering the platform with a 115 rough surface (for example expanded metal) covered by rubber Openings such as shown at 79 should also be included, to facilitate rapid drainage of water, as the platform 45

is-lifted If desired, reasonable 120 suction cups such as shown at 81 may be employed to aid in holding the craft 73 on the platform 45. As the drawings indicate, the platform 45 may be lowered considerably beneath the 125 level 3 and practically to the keel level of the ship Control of the platform 45 is facilitated in an open sea by the fact that the operator of the hydraulic controls may compensate for any rocking of the ship, so 13-i 785,202 that the platform 45 may be kept in a more or less steady position, despite such rocking. It will be understood that, although one pair of cylinders 27 and one pair of cylinders 35 are used, as shown, greater numbers may be employed. In Figure 6 is diagrammatically shown how any cargo or the like handled by the platform 45 may also be placed in the hold of the ship through its cargo hatch 87 This is accomplished by mounting the carriage 11 upon a suitably counterweighted rotary platform 83, supported by and movable upon the rollers 9 which traverse the rails 7. Letter A indicates a ship-side position of such a rotary carriage adapting the apparatus for the operations already described. Letter B indicates a position next to the hatch, the platform 83 being rotated, so that the platform 45 can be lowered and raised through the latch Thus it will be seen that the device is adaptable not only to loading and unloading with respect to the sea, but also with respect to cargo compartments Figure 6 also illustrates the fact that several of the devices may be worked on the same rails to and from opposite sides of a ship.


4791 4795.output

Automotive