4931 4935.output

* GB785338 (A)

Description: GB785338 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to photographic light-sensitive paper

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PA Tr ENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:-ERIC CHARLES E;DWARD HUNTER. Date, of filing Complete Specification: May 14, 1956. ) I Application Date: June 3,1955 No 16060155. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Olacs 98 k 2), O ( 4 7). International Classification -003 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Photographic Light-Sensitive Paper. We, CASSIO PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPANY LIMITED, of Cassio Bridge, Watford, Hertfordshire, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the production of photographic printing paper comprising coated paper base carrying a light-sensitive layer. Most paper base used in the manufacture of photographic printing paper is provided with a so-called baryta coating, though other pigments have been suggested as alternatives to baryta, e g titanium dioxide The coating usually consists of a dispersion of barium sulphate in gelatin and its function is to provide a smooth, white and hightly reflective surface on the paper For most photographic purposes the

base is coated, over the baryta layer, with a layer of a gelatin silver halide photographic emulsion. Since the baryta coated paper base and the photographic paper prepared from it carry the coatings on one side only, there is a tendency for such materials to exhibit a strong curl, particularly when in cut sheet form and when stored at low relative humidities This gives rise to difficulties in the application of the emulsion coating and to difficulties in packing and handling the final photographic paper, both before and after the photographic processing operations. It is known that the extent of the curl in the case of baryta coated paper base is dependent at least in part on the proportion of gelatin present in the baryta coating, the position being (over the range of practical gelatin contents) that the amount of curl may be decreased by decreasing the gelatin content However, reduction in gelatin conlPrice 3 s6 d l i tent is not a satisfactory method of reducing curl since baryta coatings of lower gelatin content tend to exhibit frilling, the development of mottle and bad keeping properties generally. It has now been discovered that the amount of curl developed in a pigment coated paper base may be controlled (other factors being the same) by an appropriate choice of the character of the pigment used. According to the present invention photographic light-sensitive paper comprises paper base carrying a layer or a plurality of contiguous layers of a dispersion of pigment in colloid material, the said layer or plurality of layers, jointly or separately, including both baryta and another white pigment in particular form, the latter pigment being one in which at least one dimension is substantially smaller than one or both of the other dimensions, the said pigment layer or layers carrying a photographic lightsensitive layer Particles of the character defined may be broadly referred to as being of needle plate form Typical pigmenting materials which may be used are China Clay (Kaolin), of which the particles of crystals are plate-like, and diatomaceous earth which contains a substantial proportion of needlelike diatoms and flat discs. It is within the scope of this invention to provide a single pigment layer containing both baryta and the needle or plate-like pigment particles, or to provide a plurality of such layers, or to provide a plurality of pigment layers at least one of which contains baryta and another of which contains the particles of plate or needle-like form. Preferably according to this invention the content of colloid in the coating is such that the coated base does not exhibit frilling, mottle or other bad keeping properties. When using baryta alone as the pigment, ) ')4 Q C 785,338 ( 15 so 785,338 as previously proposed, a gelatin content of The order of

these layers can be varied, about 10 % calculated on a dry weight basis e g to the order (b) (a) (a) or (b) (b) (a) or, on the weight of baryta usually affords very with an additional layer, (a) (a) (b) (b), good results; higher proportions, e g 12 % (a) (b) (a) (b) or (b) (a) (b) (a). or more, tend to induce too high a curl and The total coating weight of the applied 435 give less satisfactory opacity and surface coating or coatings may vary fairly widely, gloss, while proportions below about 7 5 % but should generally be about 35-60 g. tend to give frilling and mottle Accord per square metre, and for optimum results ingly, in the coatings of the present invention a weight of about 40 g per square metre is ( O the colloid (usually gelatin) content is pre preferred Various coating technioues may 70 ferably within the range 7 T 1-12 %, and for be employed, such a dip coating, brush optimum results about 10 % based on the coating and air-blade coating. weight of pigment calculated as though it The plate or needle-like pigment were all baryta (by the method explained employed should be selected to have a below) white appearance and should be substan 75 It is usually preferable in accordince with tially free from impurities, particularly the invention to provide one or more layers coloured impurities The finer grain size each containing a mixture of baryta of the pigments generally yield the better results normal type (generally of rhombic crystal in this invention It will be appreciated 21 structure) with a proportion of plate or that from the standpoint of efficiency in ( 1 needle-like pigment particles The quantity securing the objects of this invention, pigof such plate or needle-like pigment particles ments of varying degree of plate or needleincluded should replace part of the baryta like structure will afford varying results. usually employed, the replacement being Thus, even a material such as titanium effected on a volume basis, i e part of the dioxide, which is of particle structure fall weight of baryta usually employed should be ing just within the scope defined, affords replaced by the plate or needle-like pigment some improvement Titanium dioxide, on the basis that the ratio of weight to true however, has an excellent covering power, specific gravity of the baryta and its replace and advantageous results can be obtained ment should be the same The optimum using a mixture of baryta, China Clay or l:o) gelatin content of the coating as referred to diatomaceous earth and titanium dioxide. above should therefore be calculated on the While various types of light-sensitive coatbasis of a conversion of the plate or needle ing may be applied the invention is of parlike pigment to the equivalent weight of ticular importance in the production of baryta paper carrying a gelatino silver halide Ha Thus, in practice a formulation

for a (i e silver chloride or silver chlorobromide) single pigment layer varying from about 100 emulsion. parts by weight of China Clay with 1 part It should be further noted that the imby weight baryta to 135 parts by weight of provement in reduction of curl obtained baryta and 1 part by weight of China Clay, by the use of the particular pigment com ii K) through the intermediate possibilities in positions referred to above is only obtained dicated, using 9-15 parts by weight of providing that other factors which affect gelatin for that quantity of pigment, is very curl, e g coating weight and gelatin content, suitable A specific formulation of value are also maintained at their optimum values. is: The coated paper base produced accord 1 u 5 ing to the present invention not only has Blanc fixe ( 75 Darts baryta, itself a reduced tendency to curl at low parts water) 120 lb relative humidities, e g when stored in dry Dry China Clay 3 G lb, conditions, but this property is carried Gelatin 10 lb through to the emulsion coated photographic 11 o paper produced from it, the advantage of As indicated above a plurality of pigment the reduced curl being obtained not only layers may be provided Suitable layers, in cut sheets of the sensitive photographic by way of example, would be: paper but also in the final photographic prints obtained therefrom 115

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* GB785339 (A)

Description: GB785339 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to cable winding devices

Description of GB785339 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Improvements in or reIating to Cable Winding Devices I, SVEN GIDEON HASSELBERG, c/o AB Rebon, Mastersamuelsgatan 71 Stockholm, Sweden, of Swedish Nationality, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement : This invention relates to cable winding devices and in particular to such devices for holding an electric cable or the like in a stretched condition, and is concerned with such devices which can be used with electrical machines or other electric current-consuming devices which are intended to be moved about during operation and which are connected to a stationary source of electric power by a cable. Usually electric cables for such devices are supported on drums, from which they are unwound for use. As a result the cable that has been unwound, if not held in a stretched condition, may lie on the floor or ground between the immobile source and the movable current consuming device and the cable may thus be dragged around on the floor or ground so that it may become contaminated with oil, grease, dirt, wash-water, or other impurities. Moreover, the cable may easily become entangled and this renders it more difficult to wind or unwind from the drum. Dragging of the cable along the floor also causes wear thereto. According to the present invention there is provided a cable winding device comprising a drum which is rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis and on to which a cable, the end portions of which extend in opposite directions relative to one another, can be wound off and wound on by spring power, said drum being mounted in a frame which is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis on a support, which support is provided with wheels whereby said cable winding device is displaceable along a floor. For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a side view of a cable drumwith a cable wound thereon, and Figure 2 is a top plan view of the drum without a cable thereon. Referring now to the drawings, a drum 1 is mounted so as to be capable of rotation in a holder 2, which holder is rotatable about a vertical axis on a base plate 3 or the like having a circular periphery 4. The base plate is supported on a plurality of caster wheels 5, so that it can be easily displaced in any direction along the floor 6. The drum is divided into two winding-on compartments 11 and 12 by means of three discs 7, 8 and 9, which are secured to the drum cylinder 10. The cable portion 13 intended for connection to an immobile source of electric power runs via a guiding eye or guide

roller 17 into the compartment 11 and enters, through a suitable passage (not shown in the drawing) at the bottom thereof, laterally into the other compartment 12, where the cable portion 15, which is intended for connection to the current consuming device, is wound on. This cable portions runs from the compartment 12 via a guiding eye 17 provided at the end of a swingable arm 16. The cable portions are wound up on the drum in the same direction of winding, but the portion 13 is taken out at the lower side of the drum and the portion 15 at the upper side. This arrangement provides for a certain balancing of the pull exerted on the cable portions. When the portions 13, 15 are wound off the drum it is revolved against the action of a spring device enclosed in the casing 18, in the form, e.g., of a watch spring, which is thus tightened. If one of the portions is slackened, the spring will consequently revolve the drum for the winding-on operation. Through a proper choice of spring force, both cable portions can be held stretched'm- dependently of the movements of the current consuming device and will thus be maintained above the floor. The base plate 3 will easily move on the wheels 5 when the cable is wound off and on respectively. What I claim is: 1. A cable winding device comprising a drum which is rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis and on to which a cable, the end portions of which extend in opposite directions relative to one another, can be wound off and wound on by spring power, said drum being mounted in a frame which is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis on a support, which support is provided with wheels whereby said cable winding device is displaceable along a floor. 2. A cable winding device as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said frame is provided with two arms extending in opposite directions, the free ends of said arms having guiding means for guiding the cable end portions, one of said arms being located at the top and the other arm at the bottom of said frame for balancing opposite strains in the cable end portions. 3. A cable winding device, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

* GB785340 (A)

Description: GB785340 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in infra-red ray detecting apparatus


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BE538889 (A) DE1020799 (B) FR1126745 (A) LU32967 (A) BE538889 (A) DE1020799 (B) FR1126745 (A) LU32967 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Infra-Red Ray Detecting Apparatus We, BRINRO LIMITED, a Body Corporate organized and existing under the Laws of Tangiers, of 1, Boulevard Antee, Tangiers, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to apparatus for detecting infra-red radiation in a plane, for example, in a horizontal plane, and for indicating the direction of incidence of such radiation. The present invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with apparatus of the above indicated type used for navigational purposes and in particular for navigation in the mouths of rivers and at the entrance of harbours. The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus of the above indicated type which is better adapted to meet the requirements of practice, and in particular which is highly sensitive without however being perturbed by parasitic rays such as may result from meteorological phenomena. To this end, the apparatus according to this invention, being of the type set forth above, comprises a receiver of small aperture angle which includes at least one scanning member which is arranged to

rotate about an axis at least approsimately perpendicular to said plane, whereby the receiver successively scans its surroundings in this plane, and which includes at least one photoelectric cell sensitive to infra-red radiation and adapted to emit an electrical signal of a duration dependent on the rate of rotation of said scanning member and the angular dimension, in said plane, of the infra-red source, said apparatus further comprising an indicator means which is adapted to receive, and indicate the receipt of said signal from the photo-electric cell and includes a fixed member and a rotatable member which is movable relatively to said fixed member in synchronism with the rotary scanning member such that the position of the rotatable member relatively to the fixed member on receipt of said signal indicates the direction of incidence of the infra-red radiation, and said apparatus still further comprising, between said receiver and said indicator means, a filter preventing the passage from the former to the latter of electrical signals of more than a predetermined duration. Other features of this invention will become apparent in the course of the following detailed description of some specific embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, given merely by way of example and in which: Figure 1 diagrammatically shows an apparatus made according to the present invention; Figure 2 shows the layout of the rotary field electric system serving to synchronize the movements of the receiver scanning means and of the indicator means. The receiver system of the apparatus, as shown by Figure 1, includes a scanning member in the form of a flat mirror 1 rotatable about a vertical axis 2 and disposed at an angle of 45" to said axis, this mirror being rotated by a motor 3. Thus, in the course of a rotation of 360 , the mirror scans the whole horizon. The fractional images received at any time by mirror 1 are reflected onto a concave spherical mirror 4, shown in sectional view, which concentrates the rays it receives and projects them onto a convex spherical mirror 5 which is also shown in sectional view. This mirror 5 concentrates the rays it has received, through a central opening 4a provided in mirror 4, onto a photo-electric cell 6 sensitive to infra-red rays and having its photosensitive layer located in the image plane of the optical system. The relatively large focal distance of this optical system is determined in accordance with the radii of curvature of mirrors 4 and 5. Thus, fractional images of the horizon are successively received by cell 6, and as soon as one of these images includes a source of infra-red rays, cell 6 is energized and sends a current impulse which is transmitted, through an amplifier

system, to the indicator means of the apparatus The amplifier system includes for instance a pre-amplifier 7 and a final amplifier 8. According to the present invention there is provided between cell 6 and the indicator means, and preferably as shown between preamplifier 7 and amplifier 8, a filter 9 which will not pass signals of a duration longer than a predetermined value. If, for instance, the longest signal impulse to be passed through the amplifier toward the indicator means corresponds to a scanning angle (that is to say an angle of rotation of mirror 1) of 1", and if mirror 1 turns at the rate of 10 revolutions per second, the filter should be given a cut-off frequency such that it passes only signals of a duration shorter than l/3GO0 second (practically 1/3000 second). To this end, of course, the aperture angle of the receiver must be very small. As parasitic sources of infra-red rays, such for instance as the setting sun or clouds reflecting such sun rays, correspond to a scanning angle much higher than 1", the signals corresponding to the reception of these rays will be prevented by filter 9 from passing to the indicator means. The signals which pass through the amplifier are transmitted to the indicator means. The latter include a member, such as a discharge tube 10 as shown, which produces a luminous signal every time a signal is transmitted thereto. This tube is carried by a support which turns in synchronism with mirror 1, and the direction from which the infra-red rays are received is indicated by the position of said rotating support with respect to a concentric dial 11, one half of which is shown on Figure 1. For instance, tube 10 is carried by a rotating arm 12 fixed on a shaft 13. A rotary field generating system is preferably used to obtain synchronism (i.e. the same angular displacement at any time) between rotating mirror 1 and the arm which carries tube 10. This system includes, as shown by Figure 2, two electro-magnets 14 and 15 one of which, 14, is fixed to the shaft 16 of motor 3 and the other of which, 15 is fixed to the shaft 13 of the indicator means. These two electro-magnets are energized by the same source of alternating current S the frequency of which is for instance 500 hertz. Each of these electro-magnets co-operates with a threephase winding 17 or 18, the two three-phase windings being mounted in star arrangement The rotation of shaft 16 is thus constantly in phase with that of mirror 1. This apparatus works as follows. If at any point on the horizon, there is a source of infrared rays, cell 6 creates an impulse every time the

scanning mirror 1 is directed toward said source and these impulses, after amplification in amplifier means 7, 8 are transmitted to discharge tube 10 and cause it to give a luminous signal at this time. The direction from which the infra-red rays are incident is indicated by the position of arm 12, which carries tube 10, with respect to dial 11. Owing to the provision ox filter 9, tube 10 is operated only for signals the duration of which is below a given value, corresponding for instance to a scanning angle of at most 1". If the apparatus above describea is a navigation aid, care should be taken to eliminate the action of the movements of the ship on which it is mounted. The optical portion of the apparatus must therefore be constantly stabilized so that the axis of rotation of the scanning member, i.e. mirror 1, remains constantly vertical. For this purpose we may use gyroscopes, for instance by providing at a suitable point of the ship an artificial horizon. The gyroscopes keep their position in space so that the elements of their gimbal mounting, which are connected to the ship in a conventional fashion, make fixed angles with the gyroscopic axes during the movements of the ship. The angular displacements are for instance transmitted to a system creating a rotary field (such a system being provided for each of the horizontal directions at right angles to each other). The armature displacements created in the rotary field generators by the angular displacements of the ship with respect to the vertical direction are transmitted to two rotary field receiver systems disposed in identical fashion, which control a servo-mechanism itself adapted to displace a platform on which is mounted at least the optical portion of the navigation apparatus in such manner as to compensate for the movements of the ship and to keep the axis of rotation of the optical system constantly vertical. Furthermore, the optical system or the infra-red cell or both of them should be arranged in scuh manner that the height of the object field, an image of which is formed on the cell at any instant, is greater than the width of this field. For instance, the height may correspond to an angle of 5 whereas the width should range from 0.5 to 1". The best way of obtaining this result, where the photo-electric cell 6 rotates with mirror 1, is to give this cell a suitable elongated shape in the direction perpendicular to that in which the scanning takes place. The apparatus according to the present invention may be used for different purposes. When it serves to scan the horizon to detect infra-red ray sources, knowledge of the mutual location of such sources may be used for navigational purposes. But the device may also be used to receive any information. It may for instance serve to determine if a ship which is

transmitting infra-red rays is wishing to exchange signals by means of infra-red rays (i.e. by means of optical telegraphic apparatus using infra-red rays). In a general manner, while we have, in the above description. disclosed what we deem to be practical and efficient embodiments of our invention, it should be well understood that we do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the accompanying claims. What we claim is : - 1. Apparatus for detecting infra-red radiation in a plane, for example in a horizontal plane, and for determining the direction of incidence of such radiation, this apparatus comprising a receiver of small aperture angle which includes at least one scanning member which is arranged to rotate about an axis at least approximately perpendicular to said plane, whereby the receiver successively scans its surroundings in this plane, and which includes at least one photo-electric cell sensitive to infra-red radiation and adapted to emit an electrical signal of a duration dependent on the rate of rotation of said scanning member and the angular dimension, in said plane, of the infra-red source, said apparatus further comprising an indicator means which is adapted to receive and indicate the receipt of, said signal from the photoelectric cell and includes a fixed member and a rotatable member which is movable relatively to said fixed member in synchronism with the rotary scanning member, such that the position of the rotatable member relatively to the fixed member on receipt of said signal indicates the direction of the infra-red radiation, and said apparatus still further comprising, between said receiver and said indicator means, a filter preventing the passage from the former to the latter of electrical signals of more than a predetermined duration. 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, in which the said scanning member of the receiver comprises a mirror, and in which the receiver also includes, between this mirror and the photoelectric cell, an optical system comprising a concave spherical mirror located opposite the rotatable mirror and having a central opening, and a smaller fixed convex mirror opposite said opening, the whole being arranged in such manner that the photo-sensitive layer of said cell is located in the image plane of said optical system, and infra-red radiation incident on said mirror is reflected thereby through said opening on to the photo-electric cell. 3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, in which the photo-electric cell is arranged to rotate with the rotatable mirror, and the photosensitive layer of this cell is elongated in the direction perpendicular to that

in which the scanning takes place. 4. An apparatus according to any of Claims 1 to 3, including a rotary field electrical system for rotating the scanning member and the rotatable member of the indicator means in synchronism. 5. An apparatus according to any of Claims 1 to 4, mounted on a ship, further characterised in that the optical elements of the receiver are stabilized so that the axis of rotation of the scanning member remains unvaried irrespective of the movements of the ship. 6. An apparatus substantially as hereinabove described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

* GB785341 (A)

Description: GB785341 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in castors of the jacking type


We, FLEXELLO CASTORS & WHEELS LIMITED, a British Company, of Bath Road, Trading Estate, Slough, in the County of Buckingham, and STANLEY EDWIN WAPSHOTT, a British Subject, of the Company's address, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to castors of the jacking type, the chief object of the invention being to evolve a castor of a robust type which will be capable of taking heavy loads and at the same time will be capable of easy vertical adjustment by means of the jacking mechanism and with a minimum of effort on the part of the operator. A jacking castor in accordance with the present invention com Drises a body or bracket for attachment to the structure with which the castor is to be associated, the body being bored to receive a vertically positioned tubular bush carrying a wheel fork in which the castor wheel is revolvably mounted, an inner spindle passing through a boring in the bush and having a screw-threaded connection with the upper part of the body, the inner spindle carrying a tommy bar or operating

handle for jacking purposes, the inner spindle carrying a pressure pad and a thrust bearing interposed between the pressure pad and the upper end of the bush to take the load, the bush and its associated wheel fork being capable of full swivelling movement within the boring in the body. Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a jacking castor in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 2 is a sectional front elevation. The jacking castor illustrated includes a body or bracket 1 for attachment to the structure with which the castor is to be associated, the body including a flange 2 which is bored at 3 for the reception of securing bolts, screws and the like. The body is bored to receive a vertically positioned tubular bush 4 carrying a wheel fork 5 in which the castor wheel 6 is revolvably mounted, an inner spindle 7 passing through an axial boring in the bush, the upper enlarged end 8 of the spindle being screw-threaded to engage corresponding screw threads in the upper Dart of the body. The screw-threaded part 8 of the spindle projects from the body, the length of spindle projecting determining the jacking movement The Dart 8 carries a boss 9 fitted with a tommy bar type operating handle 10. It is preferred that the bush 4 shall carry steel bronzeslined shell bearings 11 for the inner spindle 7, the bush being located with respect to the inner spindle in an endwise direction by means of a retaining split pin 12 passing through a diametrally positioned hole in the lower end of the inner spindle, a suitable washer 13 being interposed between the split pin and the undersurface of the wheel fork. The bush is provided with one or more longitudinally positioned grooved slots 14 which communicate with radial borings 15 in the bush, which in turn communicate with an annular groove 16 in the body whereby grease inserted through a grease nipple 17 carried by the body can find its way through the bush to the bearings for the inner spindle. The effective height of the castor is adjustable by rotational movement of the tommy bar 10 or its equivalent, the spindle being provided preferably with an Acme thread for engaging the corresponding screw threads in the interior of the body near its upper end The inner spindle carries a pressure 785,341 PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification: April 27, 1956. Application Date: June 16, 1955 No 17422/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 52 ( 1), V 2. International Classification:-A 47 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements in Castors of the Jacking Type. 785,341 pad 18 and interposed between this pressure pad and the upper end of the bush 4 is a thrust bearing 19 preferably of the tapered roller type which takes the comparatively heavy loads and permits easy operation of the jacking mechanism.


* GB785342 (A)

Description: GB785342 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of filter elements


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FR1134817 (A) US2772607 (A) FR1134817 (A) US2772607 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,342 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification June 21, 1955.

No 17892/55. Application made in United States of America on July 19, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance: Cl Maea 46, D Bf a(l 4), ID 2 A 1 (AI: A 3: 1,), DSA; 70, F 3 (A 3 E: A 3 G: B 9 A); and ( 2)9 A UPS'2, AIR$ 37 (A 6 B 132 Ao i E), Al IR 60. International Classification: P 301 d 2-29 Ja Ad _ 08 g C 09 ir E 12 A COMPLETE SPECIFICATION lmz Inapesxre>En in Ten 1 eelertng to the Md a N cture of Filter l T,',mernts We, GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, a Company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, in the United States of America, of Grand Boulevard, in the City of Detroit, State of Michigan, in the United States of America (Assignees of RUSSELL S. THATCHER), do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to filters for liquids and more particularly to filter elements comprising discs of accreted porous material arranged in a stack and to methods and apparatus for their manufacture. By the invention there is a method for forming a filter element as a plurality of filter discs arranged in the form of an integral stack. The invention further consists in a filter element made by the method; and in an apparatus for manufacturing the elements by the method of the invention. The scope of the invention is indicated in the appended claims; and how it can be carried into effect is hereinafter particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of an apparatus for making filter elements according to the invention; Fig 2 is an elevation of Fig 1; Figs 3 and 4 are elevations showing details of Fig 1 in two stages of operation; Fig 5 is an enlarged elevation view of a detail of Fig 1; Fig 6 is a view on the line 6-6 of Fig 5; Fig 7 is a part sectional elevation of two cooperating parts of the apparatus shown in Fig 1; Fig 8 is an elevation of parts of the apparatus shown in Fig 1 in a further stage of operation; Fig 9 is a plane of an accreted filter disc; Fig 10 is a section on the line I-10 of Fig 9; lPrice 3 sif-dj 'r (. u Fig 11 is an elevation of a filter element comprising a stack of elements as shown in Fig 9; Fig 12 is an end view of Fig 11 in the 50 direction of the arrows 12-12; Fig 13 is a section of a part of the apparatus shown in Fig 8; Fig 14 is a view of Fig 13 in the direction of the arrows 14-14; and 55 Fig 15 is an elevation of a stack of filter discs formed on the apparatus of Fig 1. In Figs 1 to 4 is shown a continuous belt or chain link conveyor 10

having two parallel runs 12 and 14 on which is mounted a series 60 of spaced platforms 16 each of which supports a vertical spindle 18 with a reduced upper end portion 19 Means, not shown, are provided for intermittently moving the conveyor in the direction shown by the arrows in 65 Fig 1. Intermediate and parallel to the two runs 12 and 14 is placed a series of containers 20 adapted to hold a fibrous pulp slurry 24 which is delivered to each through an inlet nipple 70 22 (Fig 5) On the external wall of each container 20 three equispaced upwardly extending guide members 34 are secured by bolts 36 The upper interior portion of each container 20 has therein a circular disc 26 having an annu 75 lar rib 28 resting on the top edge of the container 20 and radial arms 30 joined to a hub portion 32 which is bared centrally to receive one end of a vertical rod 40 which comprises a stiffening member for the container 20 The 80 upper end of the rod 40 is recessed as at 42 loosely to receive the head 44 of a screw 45. Intermediate each conveyor run 12 or 14 and the row of containers 20 is located a shaft 46 or 48 adapted to be simultaneously rotated 85 in either direction, as shown in Figs 3 and 4, through arcs of substantially 180 ' by power means (not shown) and in alternate timed sequence with intermittent travel of the conveyor 10 90 Mounted for rotation with each shaft 46 or 48 is a series of suction cups 50 each of 785,342 which is attached to its shaft by means of a short tube 52 which conveniently provides a passage 54 (Fig 5) for exhausting air from the corresponding cup 50, each cup 50 also having a smaller inlet 56 which communicates with a conduit, not shown, for admitting compressed air to the cup 50 The flow of air through both passages 54 and 56 is controlled by valves, not shown. Each cup 50 is cylindrical and recessed at one end thereof, as at 60, to receive an upper portion 62 of an annular mould device 64 adapted to fit within and he vertically guided by the guide members 34 The mould member is 64 has a hub 66 and three annular channels 68, and 72 concentric therewith, the outer channel 72 being partially broken by spaced axial ridges 74 each of which is approximately one half the depth of the channel, while the arcuate length of each ridge 74 is approximately the same as the distance between adjacent ridges. Extending through the mould device 64 and communicating with each of the annular grooves 68, 70 and 72 are three annular series of holes 80, and lining the mould memnber 64 and the inclined walls of the annular grooves and the one flat end of the hub 66 is a metallic screen 82 the outer annular margin of which is held in place by means of a resilient washer 84, secured by means not shown and the central portion of which is secured on the mould device 64 by means of the head 44 of O screw 45, a resilient washer 88 being interposed between

the screw head 44 and the screen 82. The screw 45 is threaded into a tapped bore in the hub 66 which also receives the threaded end of a bolt 90, the head 92 of which bears against the outside of the cup 50 through the intermediary of two washers 94, the bolt 90 securing the mould device 64 to the cup 50. Mounted above each run 12 and 14 of the conveyor 10 is a series of vertically reciprecable pneumatic cups 100, each of which is supported by a suction tube 102 and has a compressed air inlet tube 104 Fig 13 shows the internal construction of each cio 100 which comprises a top plate 106, a cvlinidical wall 108 and a perforated bottom plate 110, a central recessed portion 112 of the latter having a central opening 114 and being slihtly larger in diameter than the resilient washer 88 of the mould device A passage 116 extends through the cup 100 and is defined by a flanged tube 118 and a coaxial sleeve 120 which is welded integrally with the cup The rmargin of the disc is formed in the shape of a beveled rim 122. Fig 11 shows a completed filter element 148 made up as an integral stack of discs such as the disc 150 shown in Figs 9 and 10 In making the filter element, each of the containers is maintained full of slurry, conveniently a watery slurry containing about 2 o 3 per cent. for example, about 2 6 per cent by weight of solid matter comprising 60 per cent by weight of jack pine fibre and 40 per cent by weight of ground newsprint to which has bean added an uncured phenolic resin in the pr portion of per cent by weight of resin t G 70 per cent. by weigt or ja k 7 Au To maintain each container 20 almost full of slurry, the latter is drawn fr 3 m a larger container, not shown, the flow to the containers being regulated by a conventional constant level regulating device 75 With each cycle of motion of shafts 46 and 48, five individual discs 150 are made and deposited on the platforms 16 of th conveyor 10, while five discs are being azcreted from the containers 20 In Fig 3, Discs a-e being 80 placed on the left run whereas in Fig 4 the discs are being placed on the right run in the operation of making a disc 15 G O a shbat 46 or 48 is rotated as to bring one of t L auction cups 50 attached thereto into tight engage 85 ment with the tory of a container 20 as shown in Fig 5 Air is then withdrawvn thro l h the pa.ssalge 54 bhy th' er-ee e net shown, and the resultant suction causes a laver of the fibrous material in container 20 to 90 accrete and partially dry upan the screen 82, this layer being built up to the predetermined thichness requisite for a disc The moist disc adheres to the screen 82 and conforms to the annular and radial ridges thereof th disc hav 95 ing a fairly snmooth under surface When the desired thickness has been achieved after a verv short interval of time, the shaft 46 or 48 is rotated 1800 so that the accreted disc will be in the nosition as shown in Fig 7 the

disc 1 Mr by this time having dried snfi-ciep-tlv o b ceme a unitary structure 21thouqih it remain S mouldable, and subsequent lowering of a Pneumatic cup 100 into contact with the disc, as shown in Fig 7, compacts and moulds one surface of 105 the disc ana permnits its removal from the screen 82 by applying suction through the vertical tube 102, the plate 110 being shaped so as to ensure proper configuiation cf the disc. The cup 100 is then raised sul iciently to clear 11 ( the cup 50 as the later S tet '82 bac into its original position over a container 20 and then the pneumatic 100 is again lowered in the meantime the conveyor 10 has advanced a step so that a spindle 18 will 11 register vertically with the cup 100 and the cup 100 is then lowered to seat on the reduced portion 19 of the spindle 18 and air oressure s applied through the pine ifl Ct 13; 4 the completed disc 150 thus being discharged by the 12 ( air and dropped in position upon the spindle 18 as shown in Fig 8 The pneumatic cup 100 is then raised again to be in position to lower, engage and unload the cup 50 in the next cycle of operation 12 ' It will be seen that when a given spindle has passed along two runs 12 and 14, it will have acquired ten discs in the form of a stack, and that apparatus may be arranged to make any number of discs for each stack When the 13; 785,342 stack has reached the position of the platform 16 a, shown in Fig 1, a heavy disc 160 (Fig. 15) is placed on the spindle 18 to hold the discs together with a predetermined axial pressure, and if desired, the weight 160 may have a hub 162 drilled at 164 to receive a pin to hold the weight 160 at a required distance from the platform 16 as a preliminary to placing the stack into a heated chamber for curing the resin therein The conveyor 10 may be continued to carry the assembled stacks of discs in sequence into and through the heated curing chamber. The weight 160 is made sufficient to increase the density of the material at the portions of the discs which are in contact with each other without diminishing the porosity of substantial portions thereof. Curing of the resin in the stack 148 strengthens the completed element and causes the discs to adhere firmly to each other to give an integrated structure Care should be exercised, however, not to use too much resin or to apply too much pressure as either would undesirably reduce the porosity of the filter material. Two diametrically opposed grooves 170 and 172 (Fig 12) are formed for example during the moulding operation, or subsequently, by cutting, along the sides of the completed stack to accommodate opposite ends of a wire bail member 174 This member is originally formed, as partially shown in dot-and-dash lines in Fig 11, so that when placed on the assembly, it will be held frictionally in place.

When removing the filter element from a filter housing as a preliminary to replacement, the loop portion of the bail member 174 may easily be pried up and serve in lifting the element. Ii will be noted that the radial ridges 74 in the mould device 64 produce radial passages in each disc 150 so that fluid may pass to the interior areas of the adjacent discs Each disc is so formed as to provide a central hub 182 which is adapted to nest with adjacent discs and form a central passage, extending through the length of the stack, through which filtered fluid may be conducted. Fig 11 shows a stack 148 comprising a large number of discs 150 with the end discs 184 and 186 modified to present outer smooth end surfaces, the end discs being made in any required form by suitably modifying the mould device which is to cooperate with the first and last disc receiving platform 16 on the conveyor 10.
