4g mobile network & applications
TRANSCRIPT
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4G Mobile Technologies
An IEEE Comsoc Indonesia Chapter Lecture
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@kuncoro
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Mobile Communications
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Critical Factors for Wireless Development
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Web 2.0
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Growth of Advanced Mobile Devices
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Data Rate Requirements100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
Peak
dat
a ra
te tr
ansm
issio
n (M
b/s)
GSMGPRS
CDMA-2000EDGE CDMA-1X
W-CDMAEVDO
EVDO
EVDOHSPA
4G
MESSAGE
MULTIMEDIA
STREAMING
INTERACTIVITY
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Data Rate vs Mobility
4G
WLANHiperlan /2
Fixed WiMAX
MobileWiMAX
LTE
3G
0.1 1 10 100
Fast
Medium
Slow
Movable
Stationary 2000
2010
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4G Mobile Technology
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GSM
GPRSEDGE
UMTS WCDM
A
HSDPAHSUPA
EVDO EVDVIS-95
CDMA1x WiMAX
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4G Objectives
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4G Approaches
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All-IP Network
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API
Services
Mobility Mgmt
Resource Mgmt
QoS Mgmt
Application
Network
Convergence Sublayer
2G 3G WiMAX 4G
Physical
Layered NGMN Architecture
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SIP Applications Server Parlay / OSA ….
Application
Service
SessionControl
Access
Multiparty Conferencin
gResource Sharing
Virtual Collaboration Broadcasting Games ….
I-CSCF P-CSCFHSS S-CSCF MGCF
MGW
PSTNWiFi/WiMAXGPRSUMTS
Diameter SIP
SIP H.248
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RNC
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
GGSN
SGSN
IMS
AS
HSS
UTRAN
IMSLain
IMSLain IMS, Internet Multimedia Subsystem
CSCF, Call Session Control Function (Serving, Proxy, Interrogating)GGSN, Gateway GPRS Support NodeSGSN, Serving GPRS Support NodeUTRAN, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkUMTS, Universal Mobile Telecom SystemHSS, Home Subscriber Server
IMS
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RNC
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
SFMSFA
GGSN
SGSN
IP ROUTERWiMAX ASN
WiMAX CSNIMS
IMSLain
ASNLain
AAAPDG
HSS
UTRAN
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BGCF
S-CSCF
AS
MGCF
MGW
MRFC
MRFPHSS
SLF
I-CSCF
P-CSCFUE
BGCF
S-CSCF
AS
MGCF
MGW
MRFC
MRFP
Data base
I-CSCF
P-CSCFMS
AAA
Position ServerPDE
3GPP
3GPP2
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IMS: EnhancedCharging FunctionSubscriber Profile
Function
Signalling Function
QoS Policy & Media Function
Media Transfer Function
HTTP signal proxy
RTSP signal proxy
CFCS
Application Policy Function
SIP
HTTPRTSP
SIPHTTPRTSP
RTPHTTP
Voice
Video Phone
Video Streamin
g
TV
Web
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IPv6 Support
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Cognitive Radio
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DSA & CR
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IEEE 1900 is a suite to support cognitive radio (CR), dynamic spectrum access (DSA), and coexistence.
Previous standards s.a. WiFi (802.11), Zigbee (802.15.4), and WiMAX (802.16) have included certain level of CR.
CR will be related to dynamic spectrum access (DSA), which is the real-time adjustment of Spectrum Utilization in response to changing circumstances and objectives.
The most interesting aspect is coexistence: resource selection to determine the type of wireless/mobile access.
IEEE 1900
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SCC41 Working Groups
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3G 4G WiMAX WiMAX II(806.16m)
WiFi(802.11g)
WiFi NG(802.11m)
DSA-enabledRadios
Network Management
Legacyterminal
P190
0.4
Term
inal
P190
0.4
Term
inal
IEEEP1900.4
Network reconfigurati
on managemen
t
Terminal reconfigurati
on managemen
t
Terminal reconfigurati
on managemen
t
Metropolitan Short-RangeCellular
Multiplatform Portability
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Access Scheme
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New access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Interleaved FDMA and Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) are gaining more importance for the next generation systems.◦ WiMAX: OFDMA◦ LTE: OFDMA (downlink), IFDMA (uplink)
The other important advantage of the above is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage especially in the MIMO environments since the spatial multiplexing transmission of MIMO systems inherently requires high complexity equalization at the receiver.
In addition to improvements in these multiplexing systems, improved modulation techniques are being used. Whereas earlier standards largely used PSK, more efficient systems such as 64QAM are being proposed for use with the LTE
Access Scheme
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Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing◦ FDM in which sub-channels overlap without
interfering
OFDM
Single Carrier Transmission(WCDMA etc)
Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing
5 MHz
e.g. 5 MHz
Subcarriers
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Adaptable to severe channel conditions without complex equalization.
Robust against narrow-band co-channel interference.
Robust against intersymbol interference (ISI) and fading caused by multipath propagation.
High spectral efficiency. Efficient implementation using FFT Low sensitivity to time synchronization errors. Facilitates Single Frequency Networks (SFNs), i.e.
transmitter macrodiversity.
OFDM Advantages
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TDMA/FDMA operation = OFDMA Frequency sub-channels are composed of
multiple, non-adjacent carriers
OFDMA: Combining TDMA and FDMA
TX#4TX#3
TX#2
TX#6
TX#5
TX#1
Time
Freq
uenc
y bi
n
2468
1012141618202224262830
00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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Multipath – The Challenge
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OFDM modulates in parallel multiple narrow band sub-carriers
Multipath duration becomes short relative to symbol duration
Pilot and guard sub-carriers are also inserted
Multipath – The Solution
Data carriers
Total Frequency band
Pilot Carriers
Frequency guard Band Frequency Guard Band
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The sub-carriers are converted by IFFT to a time domain signal
A guard interval (cyclic prefix) is added to collect multipath
A long guard interval (GI) reduces efficiency but enhances multipath handling capability
Multipath – The Solution
GI
t
OFDM symbol
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Narrowband Interference Rejection◦ Easy to Avoid/Reject Narrowband Dominant
Interference .◦ Less Interfered Part of the Carrier Can Still Be
Used .
Interference Rejection/Avoidance
InterferenceUser SubCarriersAllocation
SubCarriers
Interference
SubCarriers
NulledSubCarriers
Total Frequency band
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Using shaping on the signal peaks Limiting the PAPR to a constant value by
vector reduction
PAPR Reduction
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Rectangular Spectrum Shape (Brick Wall) Small Frequency Guard band
Spectrum Properties
OFDM
Single CarrierScheme
4 MHz
-80
Frequency(MHz)
dB
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Spectrum Properties
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In OFDM, channel impairment are solved in the same way Group Delays are solved, by Channel estimation
Group Delay
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Phase Noise Effects
Phase Noise Effect on OFDM
Phase Noise Effect on S.C
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Duplexing
t
t
f
f
duplexseparation
guard period
FDD
TDD
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FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) uses one frequency for the downlink, and a second frequency for the uplink.
TDD (Time Division Duplexing) uses the same frequency for the downlink and the uplink.
In both configuration the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .
Duplexing (cont’d)
F2 - Frequency band
UpLink
F1 - Frequency band
DownLink
FDD
F1 - Frequency band
UpLink
F1 - Frequency band
DownLink
TDD
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Spatial Multiplexing
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MIMO System
y=Hx+n
Tx Rx
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MIMI Schemes
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MIMO Techniques Comparison
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MIMO Capabilities
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Adaptive MIMO
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Space Time CodingA space–time code (STC) is a method employed to improve the reliability of
data transmission in wireless communication systems using
multiple transmit antennas. STCs rely on transmitting multiple, redundant
copies of a data stream to the receiver in the hope that at least some of them may survive the
physical path between transmission and reception in a good enough state
to allow reliable decoding.
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Space Time Coding
Subcarrier
Modulation
IFFT Input
Packing
Tx Diversity Encoder
IFFT Filter DAC RF
IFFT Filter DAC RF
RF ADC Filter FFTDiversity Combine
r
Sub channel Demod
Decoder
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Schedules & Candidates
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ITU 4G Schedule
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LTE & WiMAX II Terminologies
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Context-AwareMobile Applications
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Available network
Location (micro)User
activity
Favourite places
Battery power
Speed & direction
QoC
Features on
device
Geo location
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User-ContextService
Admin
Networks
PersonalisedServices
User:•Interest•Device•Time•Location
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2G 3G LTE WiMAX
ServiceDiscovery
ServiceCompositio
nPervasiven
essContext
Management
User layer(anywhere, anytime)
User experience management
Network access
e-Services
Pers
onal
Serv
ice
Plat
form
Conv
enti
onal
Serv
ice
Plat
form
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Thank You
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Kuncoro Wastuwibowo