5-3 human population growthtaubitz.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/4/9/10498079/chapter05...about 500 years...
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5-3 Human Population
Growth
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5-3 Human Population Growth
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Historical Overview
Historical Overview
Like the populations of many other living
organisms, the size of the human
population tends to increase with time.
For most of human existence, the population
grew slowly.
Limiting factors kept population sizes low.
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Historical Overview
About 500 years ago, the human population began
growing more rapidly.
Life was made easier and safer by advances in
agriculture and industry.
Death rates were dramatically reduced due to
improved sanitation, medicine, and healthcare,
while birthrates remained high.
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Historical Overview
With these advances, the human population
experienced exponential growth.
Human Population Growth
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Patterns of Population Growth
Patterns of Population Growth
The scientific study of human populations is called
demography.
Demography examines the characteristics of
human populations and attempts to explain how
those populations will change over time.
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Patterns of Population Growth
Birthrates, death rates, and the age
structure of a population help predict
why some countries have high growth
rates while other countries grow more
slowly.
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Patterns of Population Growth
The Demographic Transition
Over the past century, population growth in the
United States, Japan, and much of Europe has
slowed dramatically.
According to demographers, these countries have
completed the demographic transition, a
dramatic change in birth and death rates.
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Patterns of Population Growth
The demographic transition has three stages.
In stage 1, there are high death rates and high
birthrates.
In stage 2, the death rate drops, while the birthrate
remains high. The population increases rapidly.
In stage 3, the birthrate decreases, causing
population growth to slow.
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Patterns of Population Growth
The
demographic
transition is
complete when
the birthrate
falls to meet the
death rate, and
population
growth stops.
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Patterns of Population Growth
Age Structure
Population growth depends, in part, on how many
people of different ages make up a given
population.
Demographers can predict future growth using
models called age-structure diagrams.
Age-structure diagrams show the population of a
country broken down by gender and age group.
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Patterns of Population Growth
In the United
States, there are
nearly equal
numbers of people
in each age group.
This age structure
diagram predicts a
slow but steady
growth rate for the
near future.
Males Females
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
Percentage of Population
80+
60–64
20–24
0–4
40–44A
ge (
years
)
U.S. Population
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Patterns of Population Growth
In Rwanda, there are many more young children than teenagers, and many more teenagers than adults.
This age structure diagram predicts a population that will double in about 30 years.
80+
60–64
20–24
0–4
Ag
e (
years
)
Males Females
Rwandan Population
40–44
Percentage of Population
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Future Population Growth
Future Population Growth
To predict human population growth,
demographers must consider the age structure of
each country, as well as the prevalence of life-
threatening diseases.
If growing countries move toward the demographic
transition, growth rate may level off or decrease.
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Future Population Growth
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Future Population Growth
Ecologists suggest that if growth does not slow
down, there could be serious damage to the
environment and global economy.
Economists assert that science, technology, and
changes in society may control the negative impact
of population growth.
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5-3
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5-3
The size of the human population began to
increase exponentially after the
a. bubonic plague.
b. development of plowing and irrigation.
c. Industrial Revolution.
d. development of the first cities.
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5-3
Which of the following is NOT a potential limiting
factor of human population growth?
a. famine
b. medicine
c. war
d. disease
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After the demographic transition is complete, a
population
a. grows rapidly.
b. grows slowly.
c. begins a period of rapid decline.
d. stays about the same size as time passes.
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An age-structure diagram shows a breakdown of
a population by
a. location and age group.
b. age group and gender.
c. birthrate and death rate.
d. age group and emigration rate.
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Since the mid-1960s, the average annual growth
rate of the human population has
a. remained about the same.
b. failed to show a consistent pattern.
c. increased.
d. decreased.
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