5 staining

7/28/2019 5 Staining

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Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

The Hematoxylin is a basic dye that stains acidic

components of cells a blue color.

This characteristic is known as basophilia.

Hematoxylin stains the nuclei of cells, and the RER of

the cytoplasm.


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Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

PAS is a widely used staining technique that stains the

neutral sugars ofglycosaminoglycans a pink color.

Common components stained positively with PAS

include mucus, glycogen, muco-protein, glycoprotein,

thebasal lamina, organcapsules,blood vessels, etc.


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Orcein

Orcein staining is used to stain elastic fibers a dark

brown-purple color.

This is used, for example, to show the elastic

components in the walls of arteries, or in the matrix

of elastic cartilage.


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Osmium tetroxide

Osmium is used to stain lipids a dark blackcolor.

It is very useful for demonstrating the myelin of

myelinated nerves, or lipid droplets in the liver or

steroid-secreting cells.


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Toluidine blue

Toluidine blue is a so-called metachromatic stain.

It is a blue stain that stains specific components of tissues

a purple color.

This change in staining color known as metachromasia.

Metachromasia is seen in the matrix of hyaline cartilage,

or in the granules of mast cells.


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Impregnation

Impregnation is a staining technique in which

blocks of tissue are processed in solutions

containing metals such as silverorgold, which

attach to specific components in tissues.


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The silver or gold are then further processed

(reduced) and develop into dark metallic deposits.

The stained blocks are then sectioned.

Silver impregnation is widely used to stain

neuronsand to demonstrate reticular fibers.


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Vital staining

Vital staining refers to the uptake of dyes by cells.

If we inject Trypan blue into experimental animals,

the dye is rapidly engulfed by specific macrophages.

We can use such vital staining to demonstrate the

Kupffercells of the liver.


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Giemsa stain

There are a variety of "Romanowsky-type" stains with

mixtures ofmethylene blue, azure, and eosin

compounds.

Among these are the Giemsa stain and the Wright's stain

(orWright-Giemsa stain).

The latter is utilized to stain peripheral blood smears.


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Connective tissue stains

The trichrome stain helps to identify the supporting

collagenous stroma in sections from a variety of organs.

Trichrome helps in identifying normal structures, such

as connective tissue capsules of organs, the lamina

propria of gastrointestinal tract, and the broncho-

vascular structures in lung.


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Malory stain


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Masson`s trichrome


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Examples of trichrome stain:

Malory stain: stains collagen blue

Masson`s trichrome: stains collagen

green

5 staining

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