* GB785438 (A)

Description: GB785438 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers

Description of GB785438 (A)

PA Tr ENT SPECIFICATION

Date offiliiu Complete Specification: Feb 10, 1954.

Application Date: Feb 16, 1953 No 4242 /53.

Complete Specification Publi Thed: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at Acceptanice:-Class 64 ( 1), L 4 C International

Classiication:-F 25 g 9 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements in or relating to Heat Exchangers.

We, THE SUPERHEATER COMPANY LIMITED, a Body Corporate duly organised

under the Laws of Great Britain, and JOHN CHARLES SAYCE WHITE, a

British Subject, both of 53 Haymarket, London, S W 1, do hereby

declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted

to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be

particularly described in and by the following statement: -

This invention relates to heat exchangers of the kind known as

regenerators comprising heat accumulators adapted to transfer heat

from a stream of relatively hot fluid to a stream of relatively cold

fluid, the accumulators being in the form of heat transfer elements

having fluid passages through which relatively hot and relatively cold

fluids alternately flow.

The alternation between relatively hot and relatively cold fluid

traversals is effected by means of relative movement or rotation

between a drum or disc, containing the heat transfer elements in ducts

within the drum, and the fluid inlet and outlet ducting terminating in

sealing members held in close juxtaposition with or bearing on, the

face of the drum.

Hitherto, such drums or discs have been constructed as matrices with

parallel rectangular section ducts running from face to face and with

relatively thick duct walls sufficient to maintain structural

rigidity, and it has been proposed to fill or partially fill each duct

with heat accumulating elements or fillers having a high ratio of

surface area to volume and a high voidage fraction, thus presenting a

large surface area for heat transfer and a minimum of resistance to

the fluid flow.

Further, it has been proposed to arrange the heat accumulator or

transfer elements with their throughways for fluid flow located lPrice

3 s 6 OF, &e at an inclination to the ducts, thus increasing the area

of heat accumulator traversed by the fluids for a given

cross-sectional size of duct or given face area of regenerator drum or

disc, but such previous arrangements, owing to the rectangular section

of the ducts, necessitate sealing members of extensive area at the

faces of the drum, and moreover the edges of the filler or heat

transfer elements obturate and thus cause a substantial reduction in

the effective crosssection of the ducts for the passage of fluid.

The present invention has for its general object to provide improved

and more efficient arrangements and constructions of regenerator

having relatively high, or maximum possible, face area of matrix

filler or transfer element for a given face area and length of drum or

disc A further object is to increase the transverse sealing width

without decreasing the crossisectional area available for flow at the

entry to and/or the delivery from this matrix.

In the improved regenerator according to the present invention, the

ducts of the matrix are of general sectorial form in section with the

edges of the partition walls between adjoining ducts extending

substantially radially of the drum or disc, or are of volute or spiral

form, the ducts, when having radial walls, being of general sectorial

form, and sealing members which are held in close juxtaposition with

or bear on such edges at the face of the drum, are also disposed

radially so as to coincide with such partition walls, and wherein each

duct contains a heat transfer element which extends diagonally across

the duct between the said radial, volute or spiral partition walls and

occupies only a small fraction of the cross-section of the duct.

If desired the partition walls may be disposed radially throughout

their length that 785,438 785438 is from one face of the drum to the

other and be parallel with the axis of the drum although, preferably,

in order to obtain the maximum possible face area for the matrix a

filler, the heat transfer elements are disposed in line with the axis

and the partition walls are arranged at an inclination to such axis,

each such wall extending from a radial edge at one face of the drum to

a radial edge at the other face of the drum which is in axial

alignment with the opposite edge of the next adjoining duct partition

wall.

Preferably also, the partition walls separating the ducts are flanged

or enlarged at their ends to form transverse sealing faces

co-operating with the aforementioned sealing members on the ducting by

which the respective fluids are supplied to and delivered from the

regenerator, and the filler elements or heat accumulators are

advantageously located behind these enlargements sealing flanges in

order that the thickness of the filler elements shall not reduce the

effective cross-sectional area of the ducts in the matrix.

In one preferred form of improved rotary regenerator, the matrix is of

annular form carried in the heat exchanger by a central spider, and

has inner and outer cylindrical walls joined by a plurality of

radially disposed partition walls which define between them an annular

series of sectorially shaped ducts for the passage of the working

fluids from one face of the drum to the other.

This preferred embodiment will now be further described with reference

to the accompanying drawings in which it is illustrated schematically

by way of example and wherein:Figure 1 is an end view of the matrix;

and Figure 2 is a detail view of the radial duct walls partly in

section.

Referring now to the drawings, as will be seen more clearly from

Figure 1 the matrix is of annular form adapted to be carried in a heat

exchanger by a central spider 1 and has inner and outer cylindrical

walls 2 and 3 joined by a pluraflity of radially disposed -partition

walls generally designated 4 which define between them an annular

series of sectorially shaped ducts 5 for the passage of the working

fluids from one face of the drum indicated at 6 in Figure 2 to the

other face indicated at 7 in the same Figure.

Although the partition walls 4 are disposed radially, in the other

dimension, as is apparent from Figure 2, they are inclined to the

common axis of the two cylindrical walls 2 and 3 of the drum to an

extent equalling the width of a single duct 5, such width increasing

progressively radially outwards as will be appreciated from the zone

bounded by the inner peripheral wall 2 on the inside to that bounded

by the outer peripheral wall 3 on the outside.

The radial edges of the partition walls 4 are flanged to provide

enlarged sealing faces as aforementioned, flanges 8 at the edges at 70

one face 6 of the drum being on the opposite sides of the partition

walls 4 to those flanges 9 at the other face 7 in such manner that

each complementary pair of flanges parallel with the axis of the drum

provides 75 a frame or seat for rectangular heat transfer elements,

such as those represented at 10 in Figure 2, such eaements having

fluid passages therein and also being disposed parallel to said axis

in one dimension and 80 radial to the drum in the other It will be

seen that each duct 5 contains a heat transfer element 10 which

extends between the radial partition walls 4 and occupies only a small

fraction of the cross-section of the duct 83 The rear or inside of the

sealing flanges 8 and 9 is conveniently grooved and the outer

cylindrical member 3 is slotted as at 11 on its periphery so that the

rectangular heat transfer elements 10 may be 90 slidden into position

and held there by a locking ring or in any other appropriate manner

until access is required for inspection or removal when one or more of

the desired elements 10 may be readily withdrawn 95 through the

peripheral slots 11 and replaced when necessary.

The complementary sealing members provided on the ducts 12 and 13 at

each face 6 and 7 of the matrix to isolate the respec 100 tive fluids

one from the other are also disposed radially and are indicated by the

numerals 14 and 15 respectively and it will be noted from Figure 1

that the surface outline of each member suitably conforms 105 to the

overall sectorial shape of two adjoining ducts 5.

Maximum transverse sealing area between the faces 6 and 7 of the drum

and the walls 16 and 17 separating the ducts 12 and 110 13 is thus

obtained without decreasing the cross-sectional area available for

flow as represented by the arrow 18 for one working fluid and the

arrow 19 for the other fluid.

In a modified arrangement of regenerator 115 the partition walls

separating adjoining ducts are of volute or spiral form and the

sealing members are correspondingly shaped substantially to coincide

therewith, and in any of the constructions described means may 120 be

furnished for submitting the heat transfer elements or accumulators

and for the duct walls to a blast of air or other fluid for cleaning

or other purposes.

One or more intermediate cylindrical 125 walls may also be furnished

and may be slotted to pass the heat transfer panels.

By the present invention improved and efficient arrangements of

regenerative heat exchanger are obtained which have a higher 130

785,43 M capacity and face area for a given size than those heretofore

in use.

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* GB785439 (A)

Description: GB785439 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in alkaline electric cells

Description of GB785439 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available

amongst the following family members:

BE518998 (A) CH315710 (A) FR1077214 (A) NL113673 (C)

US3059041 (A)

BE518998 (A) CH315710 (A) FR1077214 (A) NL113673 (C)

US3059041 (A) less

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data

and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in

particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,

up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION

Date of Application and Filing Complete Specification: April 2, 1953.

Application made in Germany on April 5, 1952.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

785,439 No 9284/531 Index at Acceptance-Class 53, BD( 8 j: 9 G: IOA:

12), b S(IA 16: 1 C 3: WD 3: 3 A 1: 53).

International Classification:-H Olm.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements in Alkaline Electric Cells.

1, HANS VOGT, of Erlau, near Passau, Germany, of German nationality,

do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be

granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be

particularly described in and by the following statement: -

The invention relates to improvements in or relating to alkaline

electric cells and to their method of operation.

According to recent known developments, alkaline electric cells are

preferably constructed in such a way that the electrodes are tightly

superposed, with separating layers, in the form of flat or spirally

wound packages The electrodes are in the form of thin sheets or foils

and the surfaces on which the active substances are deposited are

enlarged as much as possible by pores For example, alkaline electric

cells have been developed in which electrodes, that is to say, the

anode and the cathode, are formed of very thin porous sintered

skeletons which are combined in the form of thick flat or spirally

wound packages.

It has been found that the performance of such alkaline electric cells

can be improved by providing the cell in such manner that the oxygen

and the hydrogen, or portions thereof, evolved during the operation of

charging the cell, may be recombined to form water The recombination

of the hydrogen and the oxygen is effected by the catalytic action of

the surfaces of the 3 anodes and the cathode of the cell, the anodes

and the cathode being for this purpose provided at such a distance

apart that they can function as catalysts in the reaction.

According to the invention therefore, an alkaline electric cell is

provided which is formed of horizontally arranged superposed

electrodes, and particularly electrodes in the form of sheets or foils

of porous sintered material, the electrodes having a large active

surface area in relation to the electrode volume and accommodated in a

hermetically sealed pressure-resistant v>&sel, and separated from each

other by lyeresistant separators sandwiched between 50 the adjacent

active electrode surfaces and having a thickness of a fraction of a

millimeter, said separators being permeable for ions and for the

alkaline electrolyte which occupies substantially less than the total

55 empty space in the vessel, and said electrodes being held together,

whereby the gases developed on the surface of the electrodes when the

cell is overcharged or overdischarged with its normal charging current

6) are recombined between the electrodes by catalytic action of the

electrode surf aces under the gas pressure produced in the vessel in

the state of equilibrium.

In this arrangement, the combination of 65 the gas ions, owing to

their generation in close proximity takes place within short

distances, that is to say, in a very short period of time Thus the

quantity of gas which can be caused to combine in the unit 70 of time

is correspondingly large and consequently the development of gas in

the same unit of time can also be large This means that a secondary

cell according to the present invention can be charged with a rela 75

tively high charging current Thus it is possible to reduce the

charging time and to increase the period of time during which the cell

is available for service.

In tests carried out with a gas-tight closed 80 cell according to the

invention there was provided in the casing of the cell a space

amounting to at least 10 per cent of the total inner space of the

casing, which space was free from electrolyte and served as a 85

pressure cushion The rest of the internal space of the casing was

occupied by an electrode package consisting of a sintered anode foil,

a sintered cathode foil, and an interposed lye-resistant, finely

perforated, strip 90 785,439 of textile fabric serving as a separator

The internal space of the casing was tightly filed up by the layers

The casing was filled with electrolyte except for the gas space

forming the pressure cushion The mutually opposed surfaces of the

anodes and cathodes were separated from each other only by the

intermediate fabric layer and the distance between the two electrodes

accordingingly was about 0 2 mms An alaline cell constructed in this

way, and hayMng an electrical capacity of about 0 5 a H and owing to

its internal resistance of ( 0.1 Ohm/Ah permits discharging currents a

Sup to about 6 A at a voltage drop of about W that is to say, at a

voltage of 1 2 volts 0 2 = 1 08 volts The cell was subjected to a

continuous charging with a charging current of 0 1 A This produced a

rise of pressure in the casing of the cell of up to 20 atmospheres

excess pressure.

At this pressure a state of equilibrium exists between the quantity of

gas evolved and the quantity of gas returned into the lye by the

catalytic action of the electrodes, withcut any additional measures or

devices, zsuch as sporngy platinum or the like, being required The

cathode is formed in known manner of cadmium hydroxide as an active

mtass and as is well known, hydroaen is produced at the cathode in

case of excessave charging, which hydrogen, depending upon the

internal pressure of the casing, -i.-3 ii diffuse into the

electrolyte, more particularly into the water constituent thereof, )r

combine in the form of gas bubbles Which are forced through between

the tightly packed electrodes into the gas space above the electrolyte

In the same way, 407 hen overcharging the cell, oxygen is produced at

the anode having nickel hydroxide as an active substance, which oxygen

also either diffuses into the electrolyte or is forced into, the gas

collecting space, in the form of gas bubbles In view of the small

distance between the anode and cathode surfaces, which is moreover,

substantially filled up by the separator layer, small quantities or

movements of such gas bubQ bles are sufficient to cause the

combination of the gases required for the catalytic effect, as found

out by experiment, both on the anode and on the cathode, resulting

under action of the high internal pressure in the casing, in the

reconversion of hydrogen and oxygen into water The gas collecting

space -in an alkaline cell according to the invention serves merely

to, regulate the pressure, and the attainable effect of catalytic

reconversion of the gas depends upon the existence of -the pressure

cushion thus created, In the accompanying drawing an embodiment of the

invention is shown by way of illustration.

The electrodes are in the form of annular discs 9, constituting the

anodes, the annular discs 10, constituting the cathodes.

The anode plates 9 have an outer diameter which is smaller than the

inner dia-70 meter of the casing and they are fixedly seated on the

central contact bar 11 by their central bore The cathode discs 10 are

tightly fitted in the casing 2, so as to be in tight engagement and

electrical con-75 tact with the inner wall of the casing, while their

central bore is larger than the diameter of the contact bar 11

Interposed between the tightly packed anode and cathode discs are

separators in the form of thin in-80 sulating layers 12, the

electrodes and layers being held together as a pack by contact of the

discs 12 with the casing 2.

It is also contemplated to fit the anode in the casing in the charged

condition while 85 the cathode is fitted in the uncharged condition,

whereby oxygen is evolved soon after the beginning of the charging

process owing to overcharging of the anode Thus the excess of hydrogen

which is detrimental 90 to the catalysis is avoided.

The free space within the casing is filled up with electrolyte (lye)

to such an extent that a gas collecting space 3 is left to form a

pressure cushion for influencing the cata 95 lysis at the electrode

surfaces Owing to the small volume of the space 3 the pressure wi U

rise quickly when overcharging the cell and the catalytic action is

thereby quickly adapted to the evolved quantity of 100 gas, the

surface effect at the electrodes being utilized for the catalysis The

closure of the casing 2 is formed by the cover 4, which is

advantageously of substance marketed and sold under the Registered

Trade Mark 105 " Plexiglass," and which is forced into the casing 2

with a pressure exceeding the specified admissible pressure of the

casing so as to resist the pressure occurring in the operation of the

cell A bore 5 in the cover 110 4 enables the casing to be filled with

electrolyte after the assembly, or to change the electrolyte after a

long period of use The attainable catalytic effect, more particularly

in case of a rapid production of gas, 115 depends upon the proportion

of the gases, that is to say, upon the ratio of oxygen and hydrogen It

has been found that the production of hydrogen at the cathode of the

element will begin earlier than the produc 120 tion of oxygen at the

anode when a cell according to the invention is first put into

operation Owing to the fact that the gases are Rot present in their

equi-molecular proportions, but in a ratio of 5: 1 or even more 125

between hydrogen and oxygen, the catalysis intended to control the

internal pressure of the casing will occur only to a small extent or

not at all The disproportionate mixture of hydrogen and oxygen

existing in the 13 - 8,3 gas collecting space 3 after starting

operation of the element, that is to say, after the charging has been

in progress for some time, may be blown off, so that the catalysis

becomes fully effective owing to the proper gas proportion thus

produced (production of oxyhydrogen or detonating gas).

The closure screw 6 for the cover opening also serves as one pole of

the cell, while the other connection (cathode) is formed by engagement

of the cathode discs 10 with the inner wall of the casing 2 When

tightening the closure screw 6, the conical packing surface is pressed

against the outer edge of the cover bore, which may be bevelled

accordingly An additional seal for the opening 5 is formed by the

flanged portion 8 of the nut member 7 of the closure device engaging

the underside of the cover :204 of the casing.

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* GB785440 (A)

Description: GB785440 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Steam turbine lubricant

Description of GB785440 (A)

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data

and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in

particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,

up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT

=; W t 1 1 SPECIFICATION

Inventor: HANS CHRISTIAN HENRY JENSEN 785,440 Date of filing Complete

Specification: Nov 16, 1954,

Application Date: Dec 9, 1953.

No 34266/53.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at acceptance:-Class 91, F( 1: 4).

International Classification:-Cl Om.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Steam Turbine Lubricant ERRATUM SPECIFICATION NO 785,440

Page 1, line 1, after owe x insert w Esso Research and fornierlyw 1 Es

esaela Engineering Company, THE PATENT OFFICE, :8th g Vovember, 195 '7

DB 00801/2 ( 7)/3603 150 11/57 R lb trom iormnig btauu,, water.

The steam turbine is an increasingly popular prime mover and is

particularly useful for marine propulsion The lubrication of the steam

turbine however presents a number of problems The turbine itself has a

very high speed and therefore there must be associated with it a

reduction gear-box to reduce the number of revolutions per minute

transmitted to the propeller.

The lubricant in a steam turbine circulates through the system and

during circulation inevitably comes in contact with water In the

system it is normal to have a separator to separate any entrained

water, and it is essential that the lubricant frees itself of all

entrained water in this separator The separator is usually either a

filter, a centrifuge or a separating drum.

Generally speaking, since the lubricant has to be circulating in the

system for a considerable length of time it is necessary for it to

contain various additives These additives are required in order to

reduce the oxidation tendencies of the oil under the high temperature

oxidation conditions to impart to the lubricating oil properties that

will result in the metal surfaces with which it is in contact being

resistant to corrosion, to reduce its tendency to foam and to increase

its ability to lubricate L Price 3 s 6 d l gether with less than b

-/o, S 5 wii Lc Ii L _ emulsification of the lubricant with water, of

Turkey red oil.

The preferred compound of Turkey Red Oil is in the range of 0,001 to 0

2 %; the proportions in excess of 2 % should be observed with care

since in these cases the sulphonated fatty oil may in fact promote

emulsion formation All percentages in this specification and claims

are by weight.

To determine the proportion of Turkey Red Oil to be used, all that is

required is that the turbine oil and the Turkey red oil should be

agitated with water and the separation of the resulting emulsions

should be noted.

Turkey-red oil may be and commonly is partially or completely

neutralised with ammonia and converted to the alkali metal salt, e g

the sodium or potassium, or the ammonium salt.

The efficacy of this invention is manifest from the accompanying

table, wherein the effect of 1 % of Turkey-red oil is given on 4

turbine oil compositions: RESULTS OF LABORATORY DEMULSIBILITY TESTS.

Test Procedure.

ml of tap water and 180 ml test oil are emulsified in a sunbeam

Mixmaster for 10 minutes at max R P M The emulsion formed -t 8 s

PATENT SPECIFICATION

Inventor: HANS CHRISTIAN HENRY JENSEN 785,440 Date of filing Complete

Specification: Nov 16, 1954.

Application Date: Dec 9, 1953.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at acceptance:-Class 91, F( 1: 4).

International Classification:-Cl Om.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Steam Turbine Lubricant We, STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, a

Corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of

Delaware, United States of America, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, United

States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray

that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to

be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement: -

This invention relates to new and improved lubricants particularly

adapted for the lubrication of steam turbines The lubricants of this

invention are characterised by their freedom from forming stable

emulsions on agitation with water.

The steam turbine is an increasingly popular prime mover and is

particularly useful for marine propulsion The lubrication of the steam

turbine however presents a number of problems The turbine itself has a

very high speed and therefore there must be associated with it a

reduction gear-box to reduce the number of revolutions per minute

transmitted to the propeller.

The lubricant in a steam turbine circulates through the system and

during circulation inevitably comes in contact with water In the

system it is normal to have a separator to separate any entrained

water, and it is essential that the lubricant frees itself of all

entrained water in this separator The separator is usually either a

filter, a centrifuge or a separating drum.

Generally speaking, since the lubricant has to be circulating in the

system for a considerable length of time it is necessary for it to

contain various additives These additives are required in order to

reduce the oxidation tendencies of the oil under the high temperature

oxidation conditions to impart to the lubricating oil properties that

will result in the metal surfaces with which it is in contact being

resistant to corrosion, to reduce its tendency to foam and to increase

its ability to lubricate lPrice 3 s 6 d l highly loaded gears and

bearings.

A disadvantage of these additives is that generally speaking, whereas

they fulfil their prime function satisfactorily, they tend to incite

the lubricant to form emulsions in the presence of water These

emulsions are sometimes very intractable and result-in the separating

system functioning imperfectly As a result water can circulate in the

system and considerable damage can be done, and in some cases the

separator clogs and the system suffers from oil starvation.

This invention comprises a lubricating oil composition adapted to

lubricate steam turbines comprising a mineral lubricating oil and an

oxidation inhibitor as hereinafter defined together with less than 5

%, sufficient to reduce emulsification of the lubricant with water, of

Turkey red oil.

The preferred compound of Turkey Red Oil is in the range of O 001 to 0

2 %; the proportions in excess of 2 % should be observed with care

since in these cases the sulphonated fatty oil may in fact promote

emulsion formation All percentages in this specification and claims

are by weight.

To determine the proportion of Turkey Red Oil to be used, all that is

required is that the turbine oil and the Turkey red oil should be

agitated with water and the separation of the resulting emulsions

should be noted.

Turkey-red oil may be and commonly is partially or completely

neutralised with ammonia and converted to the alkali metal salt, e g

the sodium or potassium, or the ammonium salt.

The efficacy of this invention is manifest from the accompanying

table, wherein the effect of 1 % of Turkey-red oil is given on 4

turbine oil compositions: RESULTS OF LABORATORY DEMULSIBILITY TESTS.

Test Procedure.

ml of tap water and 180 ml test oil are emulsified in a sunbeam

Mixmaster for 10 minutes at max R P M The emulsion formed No 34266153.

is centrifuged in a Gallenkamp centrifuge for minutes at max speed

corresponding to Test Oil Type Base Oil 1000 g All operations are

carried out at room temperature.

Additives Amount of Sludge A E P Turbine Solvent 0 4 % 2,4-di t butyl

p cresol.

Oil extracted 0 1 % polyethylene 2 glycol 400 distillate

di-tri-ricinoleate Considerable.

Oil 0 05 % Proprietary rust S S U preventive at 2100 F, 0 001 %

silicone antifoam agent.

2 % Tributyl phosphate.

1.2 % isopropyl oleate.

B A+ 0 1 % T.R O ( 1),,,, None.

C E P Turbine Solvent 0 4 % 2, 4, di t butyl p cresol.

Oil extracted 0 05 % polyethylene glycol distillate di-tri-ricinoleate

Considerable.

oil 1 % hexachlorocyclohexane.

S S U.

at 2100 F.

D C+ 0 1 % T.R O,,,, None.

( 1) Turkey-red oil.

( 2) The diester of polyethylene glycol of about 400 molecular weight

and the trimer of ricinoleic acid.

It will be seen that whereas with each of the 2 typical turbine oils

tested a considerable sludgy emulsion of doughy consistency was formed

on the interface between the oil and water layers, with the use of

Turkey-red oil this emulsion was eradicated.

The base oil with which this invention is concerned can be any

conventionally used mineral oil adapted for the lubrication of steam

turbines.

The oxidation inhibitor is herein defined as a phenol or substituted

phenol or amine or organic sulphur containing compound The organic

sulphur compound is not a sulphate, sulphonic acid or derivative

thereof It is particularly preferred to use alkylated cresols for

example 2, 4-di t butyl p cresol Rust preventative additives may be

included in the composition The compositions of the present invention

do not contain unsulphonated or unsulphonated fatty acids, sulphonated

naphthenes or a sulphur compound made by heating a fatty oil, fatty

acid or wax to a temperature of 1700 to 200 ' C with flowers of

sulphur until at least 10 % of sulphur by weight on the weight of the

fatty oil, fatty acid or wax has become chemically combined therewith

and treating the product with further flowers of sulphur at a lower

temperature until at least a further 10 % of sulphur by weight on the

weight of the fatty oil, fatty acid or wax has dissolved therein.

Subject to the foregoing disclaimer, what we

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* GB785441 (A)

Description: GB785441 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to multi-channel magnetic recording and

reproducing apparatus

Description of GB785441 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION

Inventojs: FREDERICK CLARK, EDGAR PLEWS A'PPLEBY, 'CHARLES REGINALD

CLABER land WILLIAM CHARLES NEWMAN 785441 Date of Application and

filing Complete Specification: Dec 22, 1953.

No 35622/53.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at acceptance:-Classes 40 ( 2), D 3 (A 2: GIA; GIE); and 40 (

4), G 24 (A 4 B: X).

International Classification:-GI O j H 04 b.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Improvements in or relating to Multi-Channel Magnetic Recording and

Reproducing Apparatus We, THERMIONIC 'PRODUCTS LIMITED, a British

Company of 'Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire, do hereby declare the

invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, iand

the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly

described in and by the following statement: -

This invention relates to' multi-channel maggnetic recording jand

reproducing apparatus of the kind, in which several separate single or

two-way speech or other intelligence channels are recorded on a

commonl magnetic tape for reproduction when desired and is

particularly, although not exclusively, concerned with such apparatus

for use at airports for recording and reproducing conversations

between the ground control staff and the pilots or members of the crew

of aircraft.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved form of

apparatus of the kind referred to having facilities for recording over

long periods without manual attention Other objects of the invention

include the provision of means enabling the recording capacity of the

apparatus to be increased in a simple manler without prejudice to the

reliability of the complete equipment.

According to the present invention, multichannel magnetic

recording;apparatus cornPrises two or more recording units and means

arranged to operate automatically when, a given recording unit is

approaching, or has reached the limit of its, recording capacity, to

signal the other recording un Its in succession, where more than two

such units are provided, and to bring into operation the first unit so

signalled which is available for recording and if no unit is

available, to initiate an alarm, or, where only two such units 'are

provided, to bring the other unit into operation or initiate an alarm

if such other unit is not available for fecording.

1 Prico In a modification of apparatus according to the invention,

means are provided to signal the other recording units at;any time

during the operation of said given unit, should driving means for the

record tape cease to function normn ally or fail from any cause, such

as an electrical or mechanical failure.

Visual or audible warning devices, or both, are preferably provided to

cover various contingencies, for example tape breaking, bias failure,

power supply failure, or that the apparatus is in the correct position

to operate and also if the apparatus is not correctly loaded, this

fact is indicated to.

warn the operator that attention is required.

Emergency signalling is provided when the apparatus requires immediate

attention.

One form of apparatus constructed and arranged to operate in

accordance with the invention will now be described in greater detail

by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in

which:Fig 1 is a front view illustrating the cornpact assembly of

three recording units and a reproducing or play-back unit, Figs 2 'A,

2 B and 2 'C show diagrammatically the recording tape loaded for

recording, play-back and winding respectively.

Figs 3 and 4 respectively are circuit diagrams of a master bay and a

subsidiary bay drawn with the relay and key'contacts inserted in the

appropriate circuits which they control to enable the operation' of

the circuits to be traced more readily, and, Fig 5 is a functional

circuit diagram of 'a play-back bay.

Before referring in detail to the drawings, it is convenient first of

all to state that the equipment is capable of recording any number of

channels up to fourteen and, although in the particular example to, be

described, three recording units will be referred to, it will be 2 7 g

5,441 understood that more than three may be used depending upon

requirements Again, the invention may be applied to two recording

units as will be seen from the subsequent description.

Each recording unit is provided with a m:agnetic tape record having a

width of O 7 of an inch and a length of 4,650 feet It is driven at a

speed which renders it capable of recording for four hours and it will

be seen that several recording units assembled together can provide

very long recording times.

As will be described in greater detail later, each recording bay is

provided with a control panel which enables the equipment to function

in a manner simulating a closed loop, that is to say, when any bay is

approaching or has reached the limit of its recording capacity, the

control panel circuit operates automatically to start un the next bay

which is in functioning order Thus, in the case of three recording

bays, when, say, the first bay comes to the end of its recording

capacity, the second bay will be started if it is in order If it is

not, the third bay will be started and at ithe end of -25 the third

bay, the first will be started if it is in order, but if it is not in

order, the second bay will be started and so on.

In applying a feature of the invention, it is arranged that if the

tape transport deck on an operating bay ceases to function due to

electrical or mechanical failure, for example, reduced tape speed,

tape breakage or maladjustment of certain items associated with the

tape driving arrangements, these contingencies are Signalled to

another bay as already indicated in the case of normal completion of

recording.

The composition of the various panels from which the recording and

play-back bays are built up conforms in general to normal practice in,

accordance with the functions each panel is to perform and it will 'be

unnecessary to described in: detail the components and circuit

connections of all the panels It will however be necessary to

described the composition of certain panels in detail.

Referring to Fig 1 of the drawings each of the bays MRC, i SRC 1, SRC

2 and PB conssts of a mntal frarrework about 6 feet high provided with

racks to receive panels lit feet wide upon which the components are

carried.

Enclosing walls and doors, not shown, are provided to form a cabinet

structure The master record bay MRC comprises several panels, the

first of which is 'a jack input panel 1 containing 14 sockets to

receive the individual jacks identified with the channels to be

recorded The second and third panels 2 and 3 each carries a tray of

amplifiers, each tray accommodating four' dual amplifiers thus

providing a total of 16 individual amplifiers in all, that is to say,

one for each of the fourteen channels and two spare amplifiers.

The fourth panel 4 is the level and monitor panel comprising a valve

voltmeter with filter networks and a connecting jack and key This

panel provides for measurement of the audio gain level to each

recording head by plugging into the desired jack on the monitor jack

panel to be referred to The panel 4 also provides for measurement of

the HF bias level to each 70 recording head and measurement of the

incoming audio level at the input panel 1.

Headphones may also be used for monitoring the signal applied to each

recording head and the signal applied to each recording amplifier 75

at line level The circuit to be measured is connected to the level and

monitor unit by a flexible lead and the necessary switching to

separate the signal from the HF bias is provided by a three position

locking key mounted 80 on the panel The equipment is preferably

monitored to ensure that all signals are at approximately the same

level.

Panel 5 is the record control panel which carries various indicating

lamps, relays and a 85 start/reset key, the main function of this

panel being to bring all signalling and control circuits to one point.

Panel 6 is the monitor jack panel already mentioned and provides

facilities for monitor 90 ing the signals to be recorded and the HF

bias The panel has mounted on it 10 ohm resistors individually

connected in series with the recording heads to facilitate current

measurement and the recording head feed net 95 work for the bias and

signal input is also mounted on this panel.

The Panel 7 constitutes the tape transport deck and has mounted upon

it the tape supXply and take-up spools S'S and TS respec 100 tively

these spools being represented diagrammatically on an enlarged scale

in Figs 2 A, 2 B and 2 C to be referred to later Briefly, it may here

be stated that the function of the tape transport deck is to draw the

tape from the 105 supply spool SS, pass it at a steady speed of 34

inches par saccnd ever the recording heads contained in a block RH and

to wind the used tape on to the take-up spool TS when switched for

recording or playing-back When 110 the supply and, take-up spools are

assembled on the play-back bay, the tape may be spooled at high speed

from one spool to the other to rewind the tape at the end of a

recording or to select a particular part of the tape for play 115 back

In this latter case, the tape is withdrawn from the heads to avoid

unnecessary wear.

The recording head block may conveniently embody the features

described in the specification of the present applicants' Patent No

120 695,150 It consists of a base plate on which are mounted guides

for the record tape, a head plate and a connecting plug Each recording

head is in fact a dual head comprising a pair of heads spaced 292 of

an inch apart and 125 seven such heads are mounted with the pole tips

protruding through slots in the head plate.

These slots are staggered in such a way that the drag on the tape does

not cause it to move sideways The tape guides are carefully 130

785,441 755; 4 '41 3 aligned with respect to the slots to ensure

accurate tracking of the tape:as between head blocks The recorded

Wrack width is 030 of an inch and the free space between individual

tracks is 016 of an' inch.

The panel '8 carries fuses associated with the components requiring,

fuse protection and the panel 9 carries a power supply unit providing

current as required by the several panels Conveniently, the bias unit

for the supply of HF bias to the recording heads may be carried by the

power supply panel 9.

The subsidiary record bay SIRC 1 is provided with a time clock panel

10 and, but for the omission of the jack input panel, level and

monitor and amplifier p:anels already provided on the main record bay

MRC, otherwise resemnblin g the latter bay.

the time clock unit consists of three main sections, namely a

chronometer which is spring drivenl 'but electrically wound, a motor

driven cam mechanism and a self contained 1000 cycles per second

oscillator The chronometer, cam mechanism and oscillator cooperate to

provide la series of coded signal pulses which can be recorded

simultaneously with the speech on any desired channel and the signals

so recorded facilitate accurate location of the lactual time at which

any recording is made.

The subsidiary record bay SSRC 2 is provided with a record control

panel 5, monitor jack panel 6, transport deck panel i 7 and fuse panel

8.

The play-back bay PB has a loud speaker panel '11, a play-back

amplifier panel 12, carrying two separate amplifiers a, play-back

control panel 13 and a tape transport deck, fuse panel and power

supply panel corresponding >,with these items in the recording bays.

The loudspeaker panel '11 carries two loudspeakers and two monitoring

jacks which enable monitoring to be} effectedl by loudspeakers, by

headphones with loudspeakers disconnected, or by both headphones, and

loudspeakers.

The play-back amplifier panel is provided with dual selector switches

to allow any two channels to be selected and independent volume

controls for varying the volume of each of selected channel The

reproducing heads carried in a block similar to the recording head

block RH, are connected to the play-back amplifier 'by plug and socket

connections.

The play-back control unit is 'fitted with a contact key, the setting

of which determines whether the play-back bay is conditioned for spool

winding or playing When in the winding condition, a variable

potentiometer serves to;control the direction and speed of winding the

tape in either direction, and when the 'contact key is set for

play-back, the potentiometer is inoperative Three lamps are provided

on the play-back control panel and one of these lamps is arranged to

fight up ion fuse failure.

'Another lights up when the contact key is in the " Play " position

and the reproducer head gate is closed to 'indicate correct conditions

for play-back and the third lamp lights up when the contact 'key is in

the " Wind" position and the reproducer head gate is open 'to 70

indicate the winding condition Relays, conditioned by the contact key,

serve to control the circuits of the playmback and wind indicating

lamps The play-back control unit will be described later in greater

detail with refer 75 en'ce to Fig 5.

Referring now to Figs 2 A, 2 B and 2 C, there are shown in addition

'to the supply and take-up spools S'S and TS respectively, a diverter

pulley 1 '8, a top idler pulley 19, a drive 80 capstan 20, a pinch

wheel 21, a bottom idler pulley 22, to which is pivoted a limit switch

operating lever 23, and a "five minute" contactor 24.

Fig 2 A shows the tape loaded for recording 85 and it will be seen

that the tape T passes from the supply spool Si S round the diverter

pulley 1 '8, over the top idler pulley '19, through the recording head

R'H and between the drive 'capstan 20 and pinch wheel 21, round the

bottom 90 idler pulley 22, over the limit switch lever 23 and thence

to the take-up reel TS.

In the play-back position shown in Fig 2 B, the tape passes direct

from the supply reel ISS to the top idler pulley 19 ' and does not

engage 95 the diverter pulley 18 Thereafter, the tape loading is as in

the recording position.

In the re-wind position shown in Fig 2 C the tape again passes direct

from the supply spool SS toi the top I idler pulley 19 and 100 thence

through the recording head RH, but the gate formed by the pinch wheel

21 and capstan 20 is open to allow the tape to pass freely to the

bottom idler pulley limit switch lever 23 and take-up spool TS 105 The

supply and take-up spools are secured to their hubs, by clamping

plates and their shafts are driven through flexible couplings by

separate 230 volts induction motors designied to produce steadily

increasing torque as, the 110 speed falls in order to give reasonably

constant tape tension and tape speed when spooling Felt lined band

brakes are applied to brake drums keyed to the shafts and are arranged

to be operated automatically to avoid 115 a loop of tape forming when

the transport deck is stopped The brake bands are normally held in the

on " position by springs to ensure that the deck stops in the event of

a power failure and are pulled to the "off" Position 120 by a

solenoid, SN 2 (Figs 4 and 5) The operation of the solenoid initially

draws a heavy current from a 24 volt D C supply but the current is

automatically reduced to a sufficient value to hold by switching in a

resis 125 tance R 1 by a switch 54 which is opened by the solenoid,SN

2 in its fully operated position.

Spooling is controlled by the relative voltages applied 'to the

separate drive motors via a potentiometer in the play-back control

unit 130 78 'S,'441 3 ' The maximum winding speed is achieved when one

motor is supplied with 230 volts and the other with 80 volts to give

back tension and the time taken to complete the spooling of the full

length of tape is then approximately five minutes During recording or

play-back the take-up spool driving motor is supplied with 170 volts

through a resistance and the supply spool driving motor is supplied

with 110 volts through a resistance The motors are connected to pull

in opposition to each other and the direction of run of the tape is

thus governed by the relative voltages applied to the motors.

The tape driving capstan 20, which is provided with a rubber face, is

driven at a speed of 57 6 r p m by a 750 r p m, 50 cycles per second

synchronous motor through a two stage reduction drive using belts and

pulleys A mounting plate for the motor also accommodates a cork lined

band brake and a brake operating solenoid SNI (Figs 4 and 5) which is

connected in parallel with the spool brake controlling solenoid SN 2

The capstan drive brake ensures rapid stopping of the tape when

required during recording or play-back and a low instantaneous speed

variation is achieved by the use of a substantial flywheel on the

motor shaft and the selection of a belt of uniform thickness and

polished driving face Provision is made for adjustment of the belt

tension.

As already described in connection with Figs, 2 A and 2 B, the tape is

held, in contact with the capstan by the pinch wheel 21 which applies

a force of 22 pounds In applying:a feature of the invention, the

operation of the pivoted arm 25 which carries the pinch wheel 21, is

accompanied by application of lightly spring loaded pressure pads to

maintain the tape in intimate contact with the recording heads

Simultaneously, a switch HG (Figs 3 and 4) hereinafter referred to as

the headgate switch is actuated to produce an indication from the

control circuit that this action has been taken The provision of the

switch referred to ensures that winding cannot take place with the

pinch wheel and:

pressure pads applied and also ensures that running for recording or

play-back cannot commence unless the pinch wheel and pressure pads are

applied.

A tachometer, not shown, is provided on each bay to assist location of

a particular recording on the tape during play-back The tachometer

reading is noted at the commencement of recording and reference to the

same reading on the play-back tachometer identifies the passage being

played back.

The tachometer is driven by the top idler pulley and the diameter of

the latter is held to a close tolerance so that it gives an accurate

indication of the length of tape that has passed and, therefore of the

recording time which has elapsed Two indicating fingers are provided,

a large finger indicating minutes on a 60 minute dial and a small

finger indicating hours on a 24 hour dial The indicating fingers are

set by a knurled knob at the centre of the dial.

Referring now to the " five minute " con 70 tactor 24, this consists

of a brass pillar divided, into two parts insulated from one another

and from the panel A contact strip dimensioned to bridge the two parts

of the brass pillar is attached to the back of the tape approximately

75 five minutes recording time from each end.

When recording, the tape is passed round the diverter pulley 18 which

is so positioned relative to the contactor 24 that the tape does not

touch the latter until sufficient tape for only 80 minutes recording

remains on the supply spool, thus ensuring that the contact strip

placed five minutes recording time from the end of the spool is

ineffective When the contact strip near the end of the spool bridges

85 the two parts of the brass pillar, it causes 24 volts to be applied

to a relay in the control circuit which causes the tape transport deck

of the next recording bay to commence running If from any cause the

next transport 90 deck is not in condition to run, the next succeeding

recording bay is signalled and the transport deck of that bay is

brought into operation It will be seen from the subsequent description

that the searching operation for an 95 operating bay is continued from

one bay to another and if no bay is available a visual and/or an aural

alarm is produced.

A switch, which will be referred to as the velocity switch indicated

at VS in Figs 3 and 100 4 is a rotary switch driven by the bottom

idler pulley 22 and at normal running speed serves to transmit eight

pulses per revolution to a relay in the record control circuit

Conveniently, the pulses generated by the velocity 105 switch may be

used to bias a circuit controlling the operation of the relay referred

to, the bias being removed, on cessation of generation of the pulses

Should the speed, of the idler pulley fall below approximately half

the normal 110 speed due to any cause, the frequency of the pulses

generated by the velocity switch will fall below that necessary to

maintain the bias and a circuit controlled by the relay will operate

to start another transport deck or to ini 115 tiate an alarm The same

results will be produced if the' idler pulley stops due, for example,

to failure of the capstan drive motor or to the spool having finished

in either of which cases no pulses will be generated When the tape 120

transport deck from a recording bay is being used in a play-back bay,

the velocity switch is inoperative.

The switch already referred, to as the limit switch and shown in Figs

3 and 4 at 55 is 125 operated by the lever 23 pivoted about the bottom

idler pulley, the lever being held off the contacts by the tape

against the tension of a spring In' a recording bay, if the limit

switch contacts are closed the switch indicates 130 7855,441 785,44 i

to the control unit that the deck is not ready for operation In a

play-back bay, the limit switch serves to stop the transport deck at

the end of a spool.

An override switch, indicated at 51 in Figs.

3, 4 and 5 is provided on each bay to control the application of 230

volts AC direct to the motor circuits and, 24 volts DC direct to the

brake controlling solenoids already menl O tioned The override switch

thus enables the transport deck to be run in the event of a failure in

the record control unit or for test purposes.

Referring now to Figs 3 and 4: of the drawings, a key KS is mounted on

the record control panel of each record bay and in' order to start up

the transport deck of a record bay the key KS is operated to the start

position in which contacts 'S 1 and 2 close and a 24 1 volt start

pulse is applied from 24 volts DC, contacts H 1 P 23 and 24 operated,

normally made contacts El, 2, key contacts K 51 and 2 operated,

normally made relay contacts M 3 and M 4, normally made relay contacts

A 23 and 24, resistor R 6 to the right-hand grid 'of valve V 1 The

cathode voltage of this valve is normally such that with the grid at

negative potential the valve is biased from the 6 volt DC power supply

to give an anode current of jless than one milliamp When the start

pulse is applied to the right-hand grid of the valve as above

described, the anode current increases to 10 milliamps and the relay A

operates from the right-hand anode of valve V 1, winding of relay A,

fuse F 4, contacts CP 27 and 28 operated, to 300 volts DC.

Upon operation of the relay A normally made contacts A 23 and 24 open

to disconnect the right-hand grid from the start pulse line so that

any further operation of the start key KS' will not affect the

operation of the unit.

Simultaneously the normally made contacts A 3 and 4 are openedl

thereby opening the circuit of the attention; lamp, LPA and contacts A

5 and 6 are made, thereby causing relay M to operate from 24 volts DC,

operated contacts A 5 and, 6, winding of relay 'M, normally made key

contacts K 24 and' 25, to earth Relay i M locks over its own contacts

M 25 and 26 to 24 volts DC, do that when relay A releases, as will

hereinafter be described, the attention lamp LPA will light from 24

volts DC, normally made contacts A 3 and' 4, operated contacts M 27

and' 28, lamp LP 2 to earth Contacts A 27 and 2 '8 also close to

supply bias to the emergency section of valve V 1 from a 20 X C output

of the main bias oscillator BO 1 over the operated contacts CP 7 and

8, 'or from a 20 KC output of the auxiliary bias oscillator IB 02 over

normally made contacts C Pl and 2, resistor RS, normally made contacts

T 21, 22, operated contacts A 27 and 28, capacitor Cl, resistor R 1,

to the emergency (left-hand) grid of valve V 1, thereby resulting in a

flow of current in the left-hand' anode circuit of the valve to

operate relay E from the left-hand anode of valve V 1, winding of

relay E, fuse F 4, contacts CP 27 and 28 ' operated to 300 volts DC

Relay E in operating opens contacts E 23 and 24 to disconnect the

emergency lamp L'PE A 70 unit running lamp LPR is energised by opera'

tion of the relay contacts A 7 and '8 which also causes relay S on the

fuse panel to operate.

Relay S in operating makes contacts 527 and 2 '8 which connect 230

volt AC to the caps 75 tan, supply and take-up motors 201 M, SSM and

TSM respectively of the tape transport deck, and makes contacts 57

and:8 to operate relay RLB from 24 volts DC, contacts S 7 and 8

operated, winding relay RLB, to earth Re 80 lay R'LB over its operated

contacts 23 and 24 closes a circuit from 24 volts, DC, contacts RLB

23; and 24 operated;, solenoids; SNI and SN 2 in parallel to earth:,

and the solenoids operate to' remove the brakes from the tape 85

spools and capstan motor in the manner already described

Simultaneously, operation of the contacts 5 ' and 6 or relay S prepare

a circuit for starting the next tape transport deck if the relay A of

the one in, operation releases 90 due to stopping or slowing down of

the velocity switch, VS or the release of any one of the fuse alarm

relays B, R, C or H, the circuit being from 24 volts DC, operated

contacts 55 and 6, contacts Al and 2 (released'), through 95 an

outgoing pulse line P 10 normally made contacts M 3 and, 4 and A 23

and 24 of the next deck to the grid of valve V 1 of the next deck.

Operation of relay S also closes contacts 525 100 and 26 to close a

circuit from the velocity switch, operated' contacts 525 and 26,

winding of relay V to earth, so that while the velocity switch rotates

relay V is alternately operated and released in the following man 105

ner: as already stated while the itape transport deck is running the

velocity' switch VS is rotated by the tape passing over the lower

idler pulley 22 and the velocity switch thus applies a series of 24

volt pulses to relay V 110 which operates and releases as each pulse

is received When, relay V is in the non-operated position contacts V 3

and V 5 are made and capacitor C 5 ' thus receives a charge at the

same time as relay V is energised by a 24 volt 115.

pulse from the velocity switch VS When relay V operates in response to

a pulse from the velocity switch it closes contacts V 1 and) V 3 and

the charge from the capacitor C 5 is applied to the right-hand grid of

valve V 1, 120 thereby driving the grid positive and so long as the

velocity switch rotates the right-hand grid of valve V 1 will receive

a series of positive charges from the capacitor 'C 5 and a steady

anode current of about 12 milliamps 125 will be drawn from the H T

supply to maintain' the relay A operated' Capacitors' C 3 and C 4 act

as storage capacitors on the valve grid and maintain it positive

during the release time of relay V when the grid circuit is disconnec

13 Q do 785,44 i ted at V 1 from the capacitor C 5.

When the velocity switch ceases to rotateif the tape transport deck

stops for any reason-the positive charges to the right-hand grid of

the valve V 1 will cease and the grid potential will decay and when

the anode current falls to approximately 3 milliamps relay A releases

Upon release of relay A contacts A 3 and 4 close to cause the

attention lamp LP 2 to light from 24 volt DC made contacts A 3 and 4,

operated contacts M 27 and 28 lamp LP 2 to earth, the relay M being

held operated from 24 volts DC, operated contacts M 25 and 26,

normally made contacts K 524 and 25 to earth Release of the relay A

also opens contacts A 7 and 8 to disconnect the circuit of the unit

running lamp LP 3 and the relay S which thus releases and at contacts

527 and 28 disoonnects the AC supply to the motors of the tape

transport deck and at contacts 57 and 8 disconnects the 24 volt DC

supply to the brake solenoids SN 1 and SN 2 which release and apply

the brakes to stop the spooling mechanism.

Where further transport decks are available the stopping of the deck

in operation auto-matically starts another unit This is achieved in

the following manner: the release time of relay S is about 30

milliseconds and during this time the contacts 55 and 6 are made, and

through the made contacts Al and 2 of relay A (released) cause a 24

volt pulse to be applied for about 30 milliseconds to the out-going

pulse line Pl O to the next tape transport deck.

If the next tape transport deck is correctly loaded and the attention

lamp LPA thereof is not energised, said 30 millisecond pulse will be

transmitted via the pulse line P 10, normally made contacts M 3 and 4,

normally made contacts A 23 and 24, resistor R 6 of the next transport

deck to the right-hand grid of the control valve V 1 of the said next

deck, which valve will then be pulsed in the same manner as that

already described and the next transport deck will be started up If

the said next tape transport deck is not ready for operation, its

relay M will b e operated either through the headgate switch HG or the

limit switch 55, and the attention lamp LPA energised.

The operated contacts M 3 and 4 will thus epen the circuit from the

pulse line P 10 to the righthand grid of the valve V 1 of the next

deck so that no pulse will be received on the grid of the valve and

the pulse over the pulse line Pl will be transmitted over made

contacts M 5 and 6 and A 21 and 22 to pulse line P 11 which is

connected to further tape transport decks Thus in the event that the

immediately succeeding tape transport deck is not ready for operation,

the pulse over pulse line P 1 O by-passes the deck and is transmitted

over pulse line P 11 to further decks to search for a tape transport

deck which is ready to accept the signal.

In order to provide the " closed loop" effect the interbay connections

are such that a succession of pulse lines P 10 connect the first

record control panel on the first bay to the second record control

panel on the second bay, and so on to the last record control panel 70

which is then connected over the pulse line PI 1 l back to the first

record control panel, the contacts M 5, 6 and A 21, 22 (Fig 3) of the

first record control panel completing the "loop " 75 A pulse is also

applied over the pulse line P 10 or over a succession of pulse lines

as above described, to search for and start up a further transport

deck when the five minute contact strip on the tape bridges the two

con 80 tacts of the five minute contactor 24.

A circuit is then made from 24 V, relay contacts RLB 13, 24 operated,

bridged contacts of contactor 24, winding of relay T, normally made

contacts K 54, 5 to 85 earth Relay T operates and locks up over its

contacts T 217, 28 and during operation thereof a pulse is applied

over pulse line P 10 from 24 V, relay contacts RLB 23, 24 operated,

bridged contacts of contactor 24, normally 90 made relay contacts T

23, 24, operated relay contacts A 25, 26 to the pulse line P 10, which

pulse is applied to the control valve of the next available free

transport deck for initiating operation thereof in the manner

previously de 95 scribed.

The relay E connected in the left-hand anode circuit of valve V 1

provides emergency alarm facilities If the anode current is not

sufficient to operate relay E the contacts E 23 100 and 24 are made

and the emergency lamp LPE energised At the same time contacts El land

2 are made to prepare the circuit for applying the 24 volt start pulse

to the operating grid of valve V 1 upon operation of the key 105

contacts K 51 and 2 as previously described.

It will be noted, therefore, that the tape transport deck can only be

started when the contacts El and 2 are made, i e when the emergency

relay is unoperated, thus prevent 110 ing the starting of any other

tape transport deck when the equipment is functioning in a lormal

manner.

The valve V 1 is normally so biased from the cathode that the

emergency anode current 115 is not sufficient to operate relay E When

the tape transport decks are functioning normally the 20 KC bias from

the bias oscillator is applied to the emergency grid of valve V 1 over

resistor R 8, normally made contacts T 21 and 120 22 operated contacts

A 27 and 28, capacitor C 1 and resistor Ri, and this bias maintains

the emergency grid at positive potential causing the left-hand side of

the valve to pass sufficient current to operate relay E, which in turn

125 disconnects the alarm lamp LPE With three recording bays as in the

apparatus being described, the contacts T 21 and 22 and A 27 and 28 in

each deck are inter-connected so that if any one tape transport deck

is working 130 78,5,44 i normally the 20 KC bias will reach the

emergency grid of the valve V 1 of the master record control and

thereby cause the relay E to be maintained in its operated condition.

Assuming that no tape transport deck is in operational condition or

none has been started, no 20 KC bias will be applied to the emergency

grid of valve V 1 so that relay E will be released and at its normally

made contacts E 23 and 24 closes a circuit for the emergency lamp LPE

Normally made contacts E 3 and 4 close an extension emergency alarm

loop A 10; normally made contacts El and 2 connect 24 volts DC to the

key contacts K 51 and normally made contacts E 21 and 22 cause one

half of a capacitor C 2 to' be charged from 24 volts DC normally made

contacts E 21 and 22 and resistor R 2 The charging of capacitor C 2

increases the positive potential of the emergency grid of valve VI to

raise the emergency anode current to a value at which relay E operates

The charge circuit of the capacitor C 2 is then interrupted at the

contacts E 21 and 22 and after a period of time dependent on the

respective values of C 2 and R 4, the relay E will again release Thus

the relay E will be alternately operated and released and the

emiejrgency larrmpt LPE will flash oni: and off indicating that no

tape transport deck is running.

In addition there is provided a resistor R 5 connecting the emergency

anode of the valve V 1 to earth and the second half of the capacitor C

2 is connected between ithe emergency anode and earth The object of

this arrangement is to decouple the valve supply and to lengthen, the

" hold " time of relay E so that the relay is operated for a time

sufficient to cover the change-over between one tape transport deck

and the next.

As hereinbefore described relay A and relay T have contacts '(A 2,7

and 218, and T 21 and 22) in series with the 20 KC bias supply ito the

emergency grid of valve V 1 Relay A is the control anode relay of

valve V 1 and relay T is operated by the contact strip on, the back of

the tape and since the contacts A 27 and 28, and T 21 and 22

respectively are in series, the openings of the contacts due to the

operation of relay T or the release of relay A causes the emergency

half of the valve V 1 to operate thereby to provide the five minute

warning.

Thus when only five minutes of recording tape remains on the tape

transport deck in use, and no other deck is available, the emergency

lamp LPE lights and a bell or other audible alarm may be provided in

addition.

Should any of the alarm relays release due to the failure of the

corresponding power supply or to a blown fuse, an emergency lamp is

lit This is effected by returning the cathode circuit of the valve V 1

through the made contacts 2 i 7 and 28 of each of the alarm relays B,

R, 'C and H, in the fuse panel circuit 0 so that, if any one of the

said alarm relays releases, the cathode circuit of the valve is opened

at the corresponding contacts 2 W 7 and 2 '8, the emergency anode

current falls to zero and relay E releases to light the emergency lamp

LPE 70 Referring now to Fig 5 of the drawings, the function of the

play-back control circuit shown is to control spooling of the tape

during the play-back of recordings and during winding or re-winding

operations The operation of the 75 tape transport deck in the

play-hback 'bay and the wind control:are controlled by keys, the

operation of the tape transport deck beingecontrolled 'by the key K'S

as hereinbefore described, and the wind control 'being controlled 80

by a key W'K which can occupy one of three positions, i e the off or

neutral position, the play position, and the wind position The key WK

has associated therewith 'four relays which are mounted on the

play-back control panel, 85 the said relays being a " play" relay P

with an associated relay L and a "wind" relay W with an associated

relay HG The relay circuits are arranged to inter-lock with the head

gate HG and the limit switch '55 of the tape 90 transport deck so that

winding or re-winding with the gate shut, or with the limit switch

closed, is not possible The circuits are also arranged so that in the

event of power failure, all the relays return to the normal unoperated

95 position and the tape transport deck will not re-starn when power

is restored until the control key is operated The various circuit

conditions in relation to the function, of the key WIK, the re-wind

p;oten 100 tiometer VR and the above mentioned four relays are as

follows: with the key WK in the off or neutral position and the

reproducer head gate is closed and the limit switch open or closed,

head gate contacts HG 1 and FIG 2 are 105 made and relay 'L operates

from 24 volt DC through the fuse 'F 3, head gate contacts H Gi and HG

2 winding of relay L, normally made contacts W'K 2 '5 and 26 to earth.

With the key WK still in the off position 110 and the head gate switch

HG open and the limit switch open or closed, hzaid gate contacts HG 1

and HG 3;are made and relay HC is operated from 24 volt DC, fuse F 3,

contacts HG 1 and H 1 G 3, normally made contacts 115WK 22 and 23,

normally made contacts WK 7 and 8, normally made contacts 'L 3 and 4,

resistor Ri, winding of relay HC to earth At contacts 'HC 27, 28 relay

HC closes a holding circuit independent of key contacts WK 7, 8 120 '

With the key Wal in the play " position contacts WK 7 and '8 remain

closed, contacts WK 4 'and 5 close and contacts WK 25, 2 '6 and WK 22,

23 open and if the reproducer head gate is closed and the limit switch

open, relay 125 L having operated as above described when the key is

in' the off position, 'and locked up as described below, relay P

operates from 24 volt DC through the head gate switch contacts HG 1,

HG 2, key contacts WK 4 and '5 closed; 130 winding relay P, relay

contacts L 27 and 28 closed, to earth To ensure that relays HC and L

operate correctly when the key is operated to the "play" position the

earth return of relay L is different in thle off position of the key

and in the "play" position of the key Thus when the gate contacts HG

1, HG 2 close when the key is in the off position, relay L operates as

above described and at contacts L 7 and 8 closes a holding circuit

which is independent of key contacts WK 25 sand 26, which open when

the key is thrown to the play position, the relay L then being held

operated over normally made contacts 11 C 3 and '4 and the operated

contacts L 7 and S., With the key WK in the "play" position and

assuming the reproducer head gate is open and the limit switch is open

or closed, the tape transport deck cannot operate since the 24 volt

supply to relay P is interrupted at the head gate switch contact HG 2.

Again with the key WWK in the "play" position contacts WIK 1 and 2

close, and with the reproducer head gate closed and the limit switch

closed, 24 volt DC is connected through head gate contacts HG 1, HG 2,

limit switch contact 55 closed, key contacts WIK 1 and 2 closed,

resistor R 1, winding of relay HC to earth Relay Hi C operates and at

contacts HC 3 and 4 breaks the holding circuit of relay L which

releases and at contacts L 27 and 28 opens the circuit of relay P,

thus causing relays P and L to release.

When the key WK is operated to the "wind" position, contacts WK 22, 23

and W Kll, 12 and WK 8, 9 are closed and contacts WKI, 2 and 4, 5

open, and if the reproducer head gate is open relay HC remains

operated over its hcldin contacts HG 27, 28 and relay W is operated

from 24 volts DC, gate contacts HG 1 HG 3, key contacts WK 22 and 23,

contacts 1 C 27 and 28, contacts WK 8 and 9 operated, winding relay W,

contacts H 07 and 8 operated normally made contacts L 21 and 22 to

earth.

Summarising the functions of the play-back control circuit in relation

to the tape transport deck when the key WK is operated to the play

position relays P and L operate and the "play" lamp LP 9 lights Relay

P in operating closes a circuit for relay S at its contacts P 7 and 8,

and relay S in operating closes a circuit for relay RLB at its

operated contacts 57 and 8 Relay RLB in operating closes a circuit for

the solenoids SN 1 and SN 2 at its contacts RTLB 3 and 4, and RLB 23

and 24 respectively, and the solenoids operate to release the brakes

on the motor drives Relay P in operating also closes at its contacts P

27 and 28 a circuit to thd capstan imater 20 M at its contacts P 5 and

6 a circuit to the takeup motor TSM through a resistor R 2, and at its

contacts P 25 and 26 a circuit to the supply motor SSM through a

resistor R 3 The respective resistances of the resistors R 2 and R 3

are made such as to give the hereinbefore described play-back speed

ratio between the supply and take-up motors.

When the key WK is operated to the "wind" position, relays W and HC

are operated and 70 the "wind" lamp LP 10 lights Relay W in operating

closes a circuit for relay S at its operated contacts W'5 and 6 and

relay RL 1 B operates as above described, Relay W also closes its

contacts W 7 and 8 and W 27 and 28, 75 thereby connecting the take-up

motor and supply motor through the adjustable tapping VR 1 of the wind

control potentiometer VR which tapping is adjusted to give the

herein-before mentioned winding speed ratio between 80 the drive and

take-up motors.

With the tape transport deck in the playback bay the velocity switch

contacts of course perform no operational functions, but the velocity

switch is provided in order to make 85 all the transport decks

interchangeable.

Although in the particular apparatus described the play-back bay is

assembled together with the recording bays to form a unitary

structure, it will be understood that the play 90 back bay may be

separated from the recording bays which, since they can function

automatically, may be installed quite remotely from the play-back bay

thus enabling the most economic use of available space to be achieved

95 It will likewise be understood that the "closed loop " operation of

recording bays which has been described may be extended to any

required number of recording bays, but if, on the other hand, only a

master and one sub 100 sidiary record bay are used the facilities

provided according to the invention ensure that if during the last

five minutes recording time of the subsidiary bay, the master bay has

not been again prepared to take over recording or 105 is otherwise not

available for recording, the alarm system will operate to give a

warning.

Equipment embodying the invention is preferably provided with a spare

power supply to' be switched into operation if the normal 110 supply

fails Thus, referring to Figs 3 and 4, the output from both the normal

and spare power supply units NP and SP respectively is connected to,

three relays CP, HP and MP on the power distribution master panel and

115 which are connected so that in the non-operated position, the

output from the spare power supply is connected to the bays over

normally made contacts CP 21 and 22, MP 21 and 22, CP 3 and 4, H Pl

and 2, and HP 21 and 22 120 When these relays are operated as

hereinafter described, the output from the normal power supply is

connected to the bays over operated contacts CGP 27 and 28, HP 23 and

24, CP 5 and '6, HP 3 and 4, and MP 23 and 24, while 125 the spare

power supply is disconnected by the opening of the previously

mentioned normally closed contacts of the relays CP, HP and MP.

Thus, when the main supply is first switched on, the spare power

supply unit is energised 130 785,441

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* GB785442 (A)

Description: GB785442 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to agricultural machines

Description of GB785442 (A)

COMPLETESPECIFICATION

Improvements in or relating to Agricultural Machines

We, HARRY FERGUSON INC., a Company organise under the laws of the

State of

Delaware, one of the United States of

America, of 3639 East Milwaukee Avenue,

Detroit 11, Michigan, United States of

America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a

patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be

performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement :-

This invention relates to agricultural machines having means for

performing mechanical work on fibrous crops, e. g., chopping or

threshing, and the invention relates more particularly to feed

mechanisms for feeding the crop materials to said means, such feed

mechanism being of the type including a pair of generally parallel

feed rolls between which the crop material is fed in a stream and one

of which rolls is movable transaxially relatively to the other.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved mounting for the

movable roll to eliminate the need for complicated and expensive

guides and bearings, so that we can use a roll supporting structure

that is inexpensive to manufacture.

Another object is to provide a feed roll mounting which effectively

maintains the movable roll parallel to the companion roll in all

positions of adjustment without imposing excessive strains on the

roll-supporting bearings or other parts of the structure.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved chain

drive for an assembly of fixed and adjustable feed rolls adapted to

maintain constant driving engagement with all of the rolls while

permitting the adjustable rolls to move freely for adjustment of roll

spacing.

The invention is an agricultural machine having means for performing

mechanical work on fibrous crops, e. g., chopping or threshing, and

feed mechanism including generall/marallel feed rolls engageable with

un opposite sides of the crop material for feeding the crop material

to said means, in which machine the feed rolls at one side of the crop

material are supported by its framework whereas the companion feed

rolls are carried by a pair of arms pivoted on the framework, and in

which said arms are yieldingly urged to maintain the feed rolls

carried by them in co-operation with the other feed rolls, said arms

and framework having inter-acting devices constraining the arms to

move in unison and maintain parallelism of the axes of the feed rolls,

and in which all the feed rolls are driven by a single driving chain

that is trained around the outer arcs of sprocket wheels on the feed

rolls at one side of the crop material and around the inner arcs of

oppositely rotated sprocket wheels on the other feed rolls, and the

chain is tensioned by spring-urged idler wheels which serve also to

train it around the latter sprocket wheels.

An agricultural machine having an example of feed mechanism embodying

the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying

drawings, in which :-

Fig. 1 is a plan of a tractor-drawn forage harvester equipped with

feed mechanism em- bodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side view of the cutterhead of the forage

harvester, its housing, and the mechanism for feeding fibrous crop

material to the cutterhead ;

Fig. 3 is a section of the cutterhead housing and associated equipment

substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary end view of the feed roll assembly showing the

continuous chain drive for the rolls; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the drive for the feed mechanism

and the other elements of the implement.

The feed mechanism has been shown as incorporated in a tractor-drawn

implement 10 of the type adapted to chop hay or other fibrous forage

crops into relatively short lengths.

The chopping is effected by means of a cutter apparatus shown in Figs.

2 and 3. This apparatus comprises cutterhead 11 enclosed within a

generally cylindrical housing 12 having an inlet opening 13 at one

side for the crop material which is severed by a series of knives

12'on the rotating head co-operating with a stationary cutter bar

13'mounted on the housing adjacent the lower edge of the inlet

opening. The severed material is ejected through an outlet opening 14

at the other side of the housing. Feed mechanism 15 located adjacent

the inlet opening 13 delivers the material to the cutterhead as

described hereinafter.

The implement is adapted to be coupled in side-by-side relation to a

tractor T which partly supports the implement and supplies the motive

power for its operation. It will be understood that the implement may

be provided with any preferred mechanism for picking up the crop

material to be treated.

The implement is equipped with a conventional reciprocating cutter bar

20. The material severed by the cutter bar 20 is transferred by a

conventional reel or paddle wheel 21 to gathering mechanism which

conveys it to the cutterhead 11 by way of the feed mech- anism 15. The

means of conveyance consists generally of an elongated narrow endless

belt or apron 22 extending from the rear of the cutter bar 20 to the

feed mechanism.

A substantially wider endless belt 23 located at one side of the belt

22 and oxtending across the remaining portion of the cutter bar

carries the material cut by that portion of the cutter bar rearwardly

to a screw conveyor 24 which moves the material transversely on to the

belt 22. Thus all of the material picked up is ultimately carried by

the belt 22 to the feed mechanism 15 which acts to feed such material

to the cutterhead.

Referring to Figs. 2. 3 and 5 the feed mechanism 15 shown comprises

two pairs of opposed feed rolls 25,26 and 27,28 arranged in tandem.

The first pair of rolls 25 and 26 is located at the discharge end of

the con, Ryor belt 22 to receive the crop material therefrom and pass

it along to the second pair of rolls 27 and 28. These rolls discharge

the material into the cutter housing 12 across the stationary cutter

bar 13'.

In the embodiment shown, the rolls 25 and 27 are located below the

companion rolls 26 and 28, and are supported for rotation about

parallel horizontally disposed axes. To guard against slippage of the

material handled by the rolls, the upper rolls 26 and 28 are

preferably provided with gripping sur- faces which may conveniently

comprise longitudinally disposed ribs 29 projecting from the

peripheral walls of the rolls. The roll 25 in this instance is a

smooth roll and serves as a driving pulley for the conveyor belt 22,

which is looped over the roll as shown in Figs. 2 and 5.

Support for the rolls 35 and 27 is provided by bearings carried by

supporting plates 30 which are rigidly attached to the implement frame

at opposite sides of the conveyor belt 22. These bearings receive

shafts 31 and 32 to which the respective rolls 25 and 27 are keyed or

otherwise fixed.

In the operation of the implement. the quantity of crop material

delivered to the feed mechanism by the conveyor belt 22 may vary

considerably due to different crop conditions and other factors. The

stream of material is substantially limited to the width of the

conveyor belt 22 and. consequently, the variations in quantity are

reflected bv corresponding changes in the thickness of the mass of

material delivered to the feed rolls. To enable the rolls to

accommodate such changes, the upper rolls 26 and 28 are supported for

limited movement relative to the companion rolls transversely of the

roll axis, that is, in a direction to increase or decrease the

effective spacing of the opposed rolls of each pair.

The supporting structure for the movable rolls 26 and 28 is

characterised by its sturdiness and simplicity and. particularly, by

the utilization of simple inexpensive bearings for the roll shafts.

Furthermore, the supporting structure positively maintains the movable

rolls in parallel relation to their companion rolls without imposina

excessive strains on the bearings, the supporting structure or any

part of the implement frame.

As shown in Fi-. 2. the feed rolls 26 and 28 are respectively keyed or

otherwise fixed to shafts 35 and 36. These shafts are journalled at

opposite ends in bearings 37 and 38 carried at opposite ends of rigid

links 39.

These links are pivotally supported between their ends at the free

ends of a pair of rigid arms 40 which are pivoted at their opposite

ends on the implement frame to swing about a common horizontal axis.

Preferably, the outer free ends of the arms 40 terminate in

down-turned portions 42 to afford clearance for other mechanism to be

described hereinafter. Each portion 42 carries an inwardlv directed

stud 43 engageable as a pivot pin in a bearing 44 on the link 39 to

support the link pivotally.

In the implement shown, the arms 40 are supported by pivot pins 45 on

brackets 46 bolted or otherwise secured to rigid frame members 47

disposed at opposite sides of the housing 12. The arrangement is such

that the upper rolls 26. 28 are free to rise and fall relativelv to

one another and to their companion rolls 25. 27 below under the

influence of the varying thickness of the crop material being fed

between the rolls of each pair. The frame members 47 carry bearings 48

for a shaft 49 upon which the cutterhead I1 is mounted. The frame

members 47 extend upwardly and rearwardly from a tubular transverse

frame member 50 to which they are welded or otherwise rigidly secured.

To prevent canting of the adjustable rolls 26 and 28 into a setting of

non-parallelism with the lower companion rolls 25 and 27,

respectively, due to unevenness in the mass of material passing

between the rolls of each pair and thus to permit the. use of simple,

inexpensive bearings for the shafts 35 and 36 of these rolls, means is

provided on the supporting arms 40 co-operating with means on the

implement frame constraining the arms 40 to swing about their pivots

45 as a unit. For this purpose the arms 40 are coupled together

adjacent their free ends by a cross member in the form of a shaft 51

journalled in bearings 52 rigid with the respective arms. Pinions 53

fixed on the shaft 51 closely adjacent to the arms 40 are arrange to

mesh with arcuate toothed racks 54 rigidly secured to the sides of the

cutter housing 12 by bolts 55, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Through the

co-operative action of the pinions and racks, the arms 40 are

maintained in unison in their pivoting movements without imposing any

twisting strains on the supporting structure or the framework of the

implement. Seeing that the arms 40 swing together as a unit, the

bearings supporting the roll shafts 35 and 36 also move up and down in

unison so that the roll shafts are maintained parallel to each other

and to the shafts of the companion rolls at all times.

In other words, no canting of the roll shafts can occur and,

accordingly, simple inexpensive bearings may be employed for the

shafts.

Although any suitable means may be utilized for urging the movable

rolls 26 and 28 toward their companion rolls 25 and 27 to enable them

to grip the crop material effectively, it is preferred to employ for

this purpose spring means acting on the arms 40.

The spring means as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 comprises a coiled tension

spring 56 for each arm. The spring is anchored at one end to the

adjacent frame member 47 by a hook element 57. At its other end the

spring is connected with the arm 40 by an adjustable coupling device

through the medium of which the pull applied to the arm may be

regulated.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 2, the coupling device as herein

shown comprises a coupling plug 58 having its peripheral surface

helically grooved for engagement in the coils at the end of the spring

56. A tension bolt 59 screw-threaded into the plug 58 projects axially

from the spring and extends through a hole in a lug 60 on the arm 40,

the head 62 of the bolt engaging the upper face of the lug.

Preferably, the lug 60 is pivotally mounted on the arm 40 by means of

a boss 61 on the arm formed with a transversely disposed socket

adapted to receive the shank portion of the lug 60. Adjustment of the

spring tension may be effected by screwing the rod 59 into or out of

the plug 58, and the rod 59 is maintained in its position of

adjustment by a lock nut 63 screw-threaded on the rod.

A chain drive is provided for inter-connecting the feed roll shafts.

This drive is particularly suitable for roll assemblies as shown

having rolls mounted for adjustment relative to companion rolls.

Provision is made for connecting the shaft of one roll of the

assembly, in this instance the shaft 31 of the roll 25, to a suitable

source of power ; and the chain drive serves to transmit power from

this shaft to the shafts of the other rolls. For this purpose the roll

shafts 31, 32,35 and 36, respectively, have sprocket wheels 65,66,67

and 68 keyed or otherwise fixed to their corresponding ends. An

endless chain 69 is trained over the sprocket wheels, the chain

passing over and engaging the outer sides of the upper sprocket wheels

67 and 68 and engaging the inner sides of the lower sprocket wheels 65

and 66. To maintain the chain in driving engagement with the lower

sprocket wheels and to accommodate changes in the spacing of the rolls

with which the sprocket wheels. are associated, the lower end of the

chain 69 is looped over a pair of laterally spaced idler wheels 70 and

71 yieldably supported for movement to-and-from each other.

As shown in Fig. 2 the wheels 70 and 71 are respectively journalled on

stub shafts 72 and 73 carried on the upper ends of rigid arms 74 and

75, which are pivotally mounted between their ends on opposite sides

of a bracket 76 rigidly secured to the implement frame. Resilient

means herein shown as a coiled tension spring 77 connected between the

lower ends of the arms 74 and 75 urges the arms in a direction to

swing the idler wheels outwards away from one another.

With the above arrangement the idler wheels 70 and 71 can swing in and

out to keep the chain 69 taut as the adjustable rolls 26 and 28 move

up and down. The chain is thus maintained under substantially uniform

tension for proper drive of the feed rolls without in any way

interfering with the adjustment of the rolls.

In the implement shown, power for driving the roll shaft 31 as well as

other driven elements of the implement is derived from the

power-take-off shaft 78 of the tractor T to which the implement is

coupled. As shown in Figs. 1 and 5, the shaft 78 is connected by a

belt-and-pulley drive 79 with a gearbox 80 on the implement. One shaft

81 extending laterally from this gearbox has a pulley 82 connected by

a belt 83 with a pulley 84 keyed to the shaft 49 which carries the

cutterhead 11. Another shaft 85 extends forwards from the gearbox 80

to a second gearbox 86. Power is transmitted from this second gearbox

to the shaft 31 through the medium of a shaft 87, belt 88 and pulleys

89 and 90 keyed to the respective shafts. In the implement shown the

cutter bar 20 is also driven from the gearbox 86 by way of a forwardly

extending shaft 91 and a third gear- box 92.

As mentioned heretofore, the driven feed roll 25 serves as a driving

pulley for the conveyor belt 22. Through the belt 22 the roll 25 also

drives the conveyor belt. 23 and the transverse screw conveyor 24. The

drive for the conveyor belt 23 is through the guide rolls 93 and 94

over which the two conveyor belts are trained. These guide rolls are

keyed to a common shaft 95 extending transversely across the front of

the implement adjacent the cutter bar 20. The belt 23 at its upper end

runs over a guide roll 96 keyed to a shaft 97 having a chain and

sprocket connection 98 with the screw conveyor 24.

Through the medium of the drive mechan- ism described the various

mechanisms of the implement concerned with supplying fibrous crop

material or the like to the cutterhead 11 are co-ordinated in their

operations. Insofar as crop conditions permit, a uniform supply of

material is fed continuously to the cutterhead for treatment thereby.

Variations in the quantity of material available are compensated for

by automatic adjustment of the feed roll spacing. Such adjustment is

accomplished without imposing undue strains on the roll supporting

structure or other parts of the implement, and in a manner which

permits the rolls to be journalled in simple inexpensive bearings. In

general, it will be apparent that the roll supporting and driving

mechanism provided by the invention is simple and sturdy in

construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and efficient and reliable

in operation.

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