5.2safety measures

8/10/2019 5.2safety measures

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Basic EmergencyMeasures


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In any emergency situation you

must:Assess the situation

Ensure safety

Verify if: allergies,

medic alert braceletfor possible medical

problems

Remember yourABCs

Follow policies

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Transmission of Disease

Remember that any open woundshould be treated with gloves

(disposable latex)

Diseases such as Hepatitis & HIV canbe transmitted through biological

liquids such as blood

Always work on the side ofcautionwear gloves! This principle

is called universal p recaut ions ...

we consider everyone at risk

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Calling 911

Here is what to do: Be familiar with internal policies

Dial 911

Have on hand the followinginformation:

Condition status of patient/ 1st aid

measures Your exact location (with cross street for

reference)

Wait until they hang up4
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Choking in the Adult

Major Causes:

Loose fittingdentures

Alcohol

Food pieces too big Talking/laughing

while eating

How Can You Tell?

Total Obstruction:

Talk

Cough NO

Breathe

Partial Obstruction:

Coughing

Breathing YES

Talk

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Treating a Choking VictimChoking Victim

Special Cirumstances

~Pregnancy/ visible abdomen: Chest Thrusts

~Obesity: Chest Thrusts

~Alone: Back edge of armchair

~Ensure total obstruction (questions)

~Reassure

~Abdominal thrusts until clear

~Should see MD

Total Obstruction

~Ensure partial obstruction (questions)

~Remain with victim

~Encourage coughing until clear

~Nothing by mouth until clear

Partial Obstruction

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Accidental Poisoning

Depending on the natureof the substance the

following signs &

symptoms may be

noted: Nausea & vomiting

Abdominal pain

Chills

Perspiration

Breathing difficulties

Convulsions

Loss of consciousness8


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Treatment Principles for

Accidental Poisoning

Call Poison control centre)They will suggest whether to induce

vomiting or not

Vomiting will NOT be suggested if thereis a chance that the agent ingested might

have been CORROSIVEor an irritant or

a foaming productIpecac syrup:NEVERgive unless the

Poison Control Centre has advised you

to. 10


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Allergic Reactions

Common Causes:

Peanuts

Bee sting

Shellfish

Mustard

Certain medications

Animals

Flowers/pollen

Signs & Symptoms:

Hives to giant uticaria

(large round red blotches)

Swelling of lips,throat,tongue, eyelids,

fingers ( CAUTION

airway obstruction!)

Anaphylaxis: general

systemic allergic

reaction can occur inless than 90 seconds

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Treatment of Allergic Reactions

A person experiencing any of the signs &

symptoms previously mentioned should

seek medical attention.They may

require any of the following

Antihistamine treatment( ie:Calamine , Benedryl,Caladryl etc.

Injection of an antihistamine ( more severe reaction)

Sensitization testing

Observation in Emergency : in case of increasing

allergic reaction

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Using an EPI PENThe severely allergic

individual will ( in mostcases) be aware of

his/her allergy & will

carry an EPI PEN

For treatment ofANAPHYLACTIC

reactions (one dose only)

Intended for IMMEDIATE

SELF ADMINISTRATION !

Must be injected into the

THIGH only!

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Minor Wounds:

Scrapes, Cuts & Lacerations

Principles for

cleansing:

Proceed from center

and work outwards Do NOT return to the

center with same

gauze

Avoid using harsh

cleansing agents &

antibiotic creams

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Bleeding Differences

Arterial: Blood

spurts out with every

heart beat

Venous: Bloodflows out

Color difference is

not of importance Compression,

elevate & apply

dressing

Do not remove the

bottom layer, simply

add on

Dressings should be

clean & preferably

white 15


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Serious Wounds:Imbedded Objects

Do not remove sinceunderlying

structures may be

further damaged

Impaled object must

be secured

Pressure to site to

control bleeding

Ensure

transportation to

emergency facility 16


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Serious Wounds: Amputation Call 911

Control bleeding(dressing & pressure)

Place amputated

extremity in wet,

clean cloth. Place in sturdy

plastic bag

Place bag on bed of

ice Ensure rapid

transport to

emergency facility

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Nosebleeds

Causes:Trauma

Dryness

Nose pickingHigh blood

pressure

Blood thinning

medication

(usually with high

blood pressure)

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Treatment for Nosebleeds

Place patient insitting position with

head in

neutral/sniffing

position

Apply pressure

with cold compress

at nasal bridge(where soft meets

hard) for 10

minutes.. by the

clock!

Avoid noseblowing for at

least 6-8 hours

after the bleeding

has stopped If bleeding cannot

be stopped,

ensure

transportation ofpatient to an

emergency

facility.19


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BurnsBurns

Treatment:~Running cold water

until burning sensation stops

Appearance:

Sunburn- like

Painful & red

~1st degree

~Top layer of skin

(epidermis)

Treatment:~Cold running water

until burning sensation stops

~Cover blisters

Appearance:

Blisters, red & painful

~2nd degree

~1st & 2nd layer affected

(epidermis & dermis)

Treatment:

~Cover burn area

with clean cloth

~Transport to Emergency

Appearance

~White center,black edges

~Clear liquid oozing

Nerve damage!

~3rd degree

~1st, 2nd & fat layer affected

(in severe 3rd degree,muscle & tendon also affected)

~Degree Type

~Skin layer affected

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Strains & Sprains

Strains & strains: involve ligaments &tendons

Signs & Symptoms:

~ pain

~ swelling

~ discoloration ( not always evident at first)

~ can usually move extremity but with ++

pain

Treatment: R-I-C-E

~Rest ~Ice ~Compression ~Elevation21
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Fractures

Signs & Symptoms

~ pain( especially overinjured area)

~difficulty moving area

~swelling

~can be discoloration

NOTE: fractures &

sprains have very

similar symptoms

When in doubttreat

as a FRACTURE

Most common areas

for fractures :

~ wrist~~ankle

~collar bone

~finger~upper arm

~hip

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Wrist FractureAnkle Fracture

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Common Closed Fractures

# of the Humerus Finger #s

Remember to remove

rings

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Diabetic ProblemsTwo Main Concerns:

Toomuchsugar

Toolittlesugar

( usually due to too

much insulin & notenough food)

Either way the

treatment remains

the same: Give

sweetened juice

quick! or Dextrose

tablets

Signs & Symptoms:

weakness, slurred

speech,

uncharacteristic

behavior

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Seizures ( Convulsions)

Grand Mal Seizure

2 phases ( tonic & clonic)

Tonic phase: tightening of

all muscles Patient will appear rigid all

over including jaw muscle

Does not last long May make grunting like

noises

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Seizure Contd

Clonic Phase:Patient will fall to floor and start to convulse

(shake)

can appear frightening to onlookers

may see white frothy saliva around the mouth

during this phase the patient can injure

themselves by banging on the head and arms

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Seizures Continued

Once they awaken they may appear

disoriented remain with them and walk with

them if they are restless.

If it their first seizure ensure transportation tohospital

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