5556 5560.output

* GB785964 (A)

Description: GB785964 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in prompting apparatus

Description of GB785964 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 0/, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb6, 1956. No 3641156. Application made in United States of America on Feb 17, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. ndex at acceptance:-Classes 44, BE 14 A; 80 ( 2), D 6 C 2; and 132 ( 1), B 5 F. international Classification:-A 45 c A 63 j F 06 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Prompting Apparatus We, SPE Ec Hi Q Co RPORAT Io N, a lcorporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York, Unitedl States of America, of 3,00 West 43 Shreet, New York, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - Our invention relates to a novel prompt-ing apparatus for speakers and performers wherein the script is continuously presented to the speaker's view at a desired rate and in a location not apparent to the general audience. It is always preferable, in giving a speech, for the speaker or performer, in situations where it is not possible to memorize his lines, to have before him a prompting means which he may refer to as the speech is given It is also highly desirable that such prompting means be one which is not readily apparent to the audience but which adequately prompts the speaker and which presents his speech or notes to him in such a manner so that he need not be distracted from his speech Our invention provides prompting apparatus including two rotatable spools between which a script sheet may be wound, and means to drive one or the other of those spools These driving means comprise

a reversible motor, a shaft coupled to the motor, a housing journaled coaxialily of the shaft, a first friction wheel journaled in the housing eccentrically of the shaft and parallel thereto, resilient means stressing the first friction wheel into engagement with the shaft, two idler wheels each supported with respect to the shaft to present its circumference within the circle described by the first friction wheel upon rotation of the housing about the shaft, and two further friction wheels leach coupledl to one of the spools and each frictionally engaging with one of the idler wheels. The invention will now be further described in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: lPrice Figure 1 is, a top view of our apparatus as it would appear to the speaker or other user. Figure 2 is a section taken along the lines 2-2 of Figure 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the electrical wiring connections which control the apparatus. Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken along the lines 4-4 'of Figure 2 and shows, in detail, the reversing mechanism of our apparatus. Figure 5 is a side elevational view taken along the lines 5-5 of Figure 2 and looking in the direction of the arrow. Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the reversing mechanism shown in Figure 4. Essentially our invention involves a pair of rotatable reels carrying a script roll of paper for passage from one reel to the other ito permit reading of a script or text written or printed on the paper. Our apparatus provides means for reversing the travel of the said paper, by the speaker or operator, wherein only the spool dtawing the paper toward' it is driven and the other spool is provided with a suitable brake means Provisions are also made for the stopping, starting or reversal of the mechanism and for the easy adjustment of the speed of the script as it passes in front of the light source The apparatus is also provided with a suitable light source and is simply and economically constructed so as to be compact and readlily portable Further details 'of construction will be discussed in connection with the description of the drawings which follows. Referring first to Figures 1 and 21, the apparatus is enclosed, in a suitable casing 10 having an opening or window 11 through which the roll carrying the script, speech or other printed matter is viewed The script is wound or unwound from spools 14 and 15, respectively A which spools are located near the bottom of the unit Depressible buttons '18 and 19 allow the cover to be readily removed? from the unit. 785,964 The paper 21 is transported in either direction between spools

15 and 14 and is guided by rollers 26 and 27 before passing over translucent glass 22 These guide rollers are internally threaded and are screwed to end plates and 31 by means of screws 32 and 33 The end plates are also used to support flexible copper members 35 and 36 which allow the depressible buttons 18 and 19 to return to position after pressure has been relieved. There are two elongated light bulbs 38 which may be a conventional 25 watt 120 volt bulbs and which provideasuitablelightsource. The light emanating from these bulbs is diffused through translucent glass 22 so that there is an evenly lighted background supplied for the script or speech. The spools 14 and 15 are secured to end pieces 30 and 31 by having their extended shafts 37 and 39 journaled within a cylindrical opening in each end piece In order that the spools be readily removable a flexible copper or brass member 41 is provided This piece can be flexed outwardly at ends 42 and 43 (see Figure 5) and the spools are then easily removed. The electrical circuitry for this apparatus is diagrammed in Figure 3 Either an A C. or D C source of voltage may be used, but for convenience A C is usually preferable. Therefore, the embodiment shown in Figure 3 ' represents a circuit diagram wkihere the source voltage is A C Across the A C line are the illuminating lamps 38, a variable transformer 45 which controls the voltage applied to a D C. motor 46, and transformer 52 In order to convert the A C to D C a selenium rectifier 48 is provided The motor 46 may be a permanent magnet motor, a shunt motor, or any type of variable speed A C or D C motor. The double pole switch 50 is used to reverse the motor and thereby wind the script roll in an opposite direction The motor, rectifier, and transformer are located within the unit in any suitable fashion, the location being herein illustrated by blocks 46, 48 and 52, respectively. An important feature of our invention involves the means by which ithe direction of the script is reversed, upon the reversal of the direction of rotation of the motor shaft 55. The mode of operation of this reversal mechanism is pointed out in Figures 4 and 6 As the shaft rotates in one direction, shown by the arrow in Figure 4 as counterclockwise, it contacts a rubberized friction wheel 58 which is then made to rotate in the opposite direction The wheel 58 in turn drives idler wheel which is made to rotate in the opposite direction The wheel 60 carries two circumferential surfaces 63 and 64 The smaller circumferential surface

64 then drives rubberized friction wheel 66 in an opposite direction. As can be seen in Figure 4, the wheel 66 is located on one end of rthe shaft carrying spool 15 Note that spool 15 is driven as the take-up spool only when the motor shaft is rotated in one direction (counter-clockwise as seen in Figure 4) The rotation of the motor shaft in this fashion throws the rotatable 7 rubber friction wheel 58 mounted on shaft 75 against the outer circumference 63 of wheel This is done by having a common housing 76 for shaft 55 and wheel 58 The extension of motor shaft 55 is held in intimate 7 contact with wheel 58 by springs 72 and 74, (see Figure 6). Actually it need not be the motor shaft, itself, which drives friction wheel 58 but any sleeve or other cylindrical member rigidly 8 ( secured to the same may be used as the drive. In any event as shaft 55 rotates it tends to swing the housing over to one direction or the other, depending upon the direction of rotation of the motor shaft Thus, in the embodiment 85 shown in Figure 4, the counterclockwise rotation of shaft 55 swings the wheel 58 and the member supporting it to the right against the outer circumference of the wheel 60. Upon reversal of the motor which may be 90 done by the operator through switch 50, the opposite thrust is obtained and the wheel 58 is thrown against the outer circumference 83 of wheel 80 Thus, the inner circumference 84 drives friction wheel 86 which is attached to 95 spool 14 which then acts as the take up spool for the script roll. No matter which spool is the take up reel it is necessary that the supply reel be provided with a certain amount of tension so that the 100 paper does not unravel At the same time it is necessary not to have too much tension or else the paper might tear The appropriate tension is provided by spring members 90 and 91 which are attached to end piece 30 by means of 105 screws 92 and to arms 94 and 95 by means of screws 93 These arms, which are mounted to the end piece 30 by screws 98, are then pulled downwardly by the springs 90 and 91 so that the ends of the arms opposite screws 110 98, which are provided with openings 100 and 101 and which carry journaled therein the shafts 102 and 103 about which wheels 60 and revolve, tend to displace those shafts downwardly and to pull the inner circumfer 115 ential surfaces 64 and 84 of wheels 60 and 80 against the circumference of friction wheels 66 and 8 '6, respectively Openings 87 and 88 in end plate 30 permit the passage through plate of shafts 102 and 103, with clearance for 120 limited upward and downward motion of those shafts to insure engagement of surfaces 84 and 64 with wheels 86 and 66 Thus, when spool is the take up spool, wheel 80 forms a load on supply spool 14, providing a desired tension 125 in the paper and when spool 14 is the take up spool, wheel 60 forms a similar load to the same purpose.

In Figure 5 a jack 110 is shown, through which appropriate cords may be inserted so as 130 785,964 785,964 3 to make the reversing mechanism and/or the speed rheostat readily controllable 'by the operator through a portable unit. our preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 1, wherein a manually operable variable transformer 115 is connected to the unit through cord 113 The operator changes the speed of travel of the script merely by the appropriate adjustment of button 118. The path of the paper or other script bearing material is best seen by referring to Figures 4 and 5 The paper 21 travels between spools 14 and 15 in either direction, dependck ing upon the the position of switch 50 and the consequent direction of rotation of the variable speed driving motor. The paper after leaving the supply spool (assuming this to be spool, 14) travels over guide roller 26 and then over the translucent glass 22, guide roller 2:7 and finally to the take up reel 15 The translucent glass is held in position by means of brackets 135 and 136. The illuminating lamps 38: are located below the translucent glass and in order that the light be evenly distributed elongated lamps of the type illustrated in Figure 2 are preferred. These lamps may be 120 volt incandescent bulbs of any desired wattage rating. The jack 110 is held against end piece 31 by means of screws 140 and 141 The function of screws 142 and '143 is to allow the flexible copper band 41 to be rigidly secured to the center portion of end, piece 351. The entire apparatus with the exception of openings for electrical leads and the opening 11 through which the script material is read, is enclosed in a suitable casing 10 ' and supported on metallic base 13 The motor, transformer and rectifier are encased in an insulated housing 160 which acts as a sound-absorber medium, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing any A 1 C hum which may be present. The exterior of this housing should preferably be painted white in order that a maximum amount of light is reflected upwardly through the translucent glass. The unit, because of its simple construction and compactness, provides a convenient portable prompting apparatus which the speaker or performer may rehearse or use in the delivery of his speech. The interchangeable paper spools 14 and 15 may hold up to about two hours of continuous script and thereby allow for the printing or typing of several speeches on a single roll of paper As the unit is readily reversible and may be made to run at any desired speed, it provides a flexibility of operation heretofore not realized in

prompting devices.

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* GB785965 (A)

Description: GB785965 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to cover-heated tank furnaces


PATENT SPECIFICATION 785965 4 ' Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 9, 1956. No 7405156. Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957. Idex at Acceptance:-Classes 51 ( 2), BA 7; and 82 ( 2), G ( 6 7 A: 7 J). International Classification: -C 23 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Cover-Heated Tank Furnaces I, C An L FRITZ, of 83, Fleyer Strasse, Hlagen, Wiestplialia, Germany, a German citizen, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to a cover-heated tank furnace for the coating of workpieces, particularly wires, with nonferrous metals. Such tank furnaces, heated by means of raisable and jowerable covers, are already known. A defect of known furnaces is that they are not readily adaptable to difierent tasks Thus for example for normal, that is to say flat or

horizontal galvanisation, it is necessary to use tank furnaces different from those for a heavy or vertical galvanisation While in the former case a long immersion path is necessary, with relatively high speed of passage for the wires to be treated, for the latter case a short immersion path is heeded with slow passage of the wires Thus for these two types of galvanisation either two different types of furnaces were needed, or it was necessary to tolerate undesirable def ects in production. An object of the present invention is to remove or reduce this defect. According to the invention there is provided a cover-heated tank furnace, for example a galvanising furnace, characterised in that in the direction of travel of the workpiece led through the bath the heating areas of the tank furnace and of the heating cover can be divided and can be adapted to suit selected different lengths of immersion of the workpiece in the bath, and the cover comprises separate cover units each of which can be independently raised or lowered into the bath or set on the bath surface and can be E Price 3 s M&(, Cdr independently heated, and that each cover unit when lowered in the bath or set on the bath surface forms a separate compartment which can be supplied with 50 a protective gas or a cooling gas at a pressure higher than that of the ambient atmosphere Preferably the tank is provided with one or more removable trahsverse partitions It is preferred to arrange 55 a transverse partition in the vicinity of a point where two cover units adjoin one another The transverse partition may be suspended or slide in guides Conveniently the furnace is operated with combustible 60 heating means and comprises a throttle valve in a draught duct for waste gases in order to produce a super-atmospheric pressure in the cover chamber The furnace may also comprise a valve for 65 regulating a supply of oxygen and capable of being coupled to a thermostat and to a valve controlling the supply of the heating means. With a tank furnace constructed in 70 accordance with the invention it is possible, in a simple manner, to provide wires with satisfactory coatings, in various coating conditions, while at the same time there is the appreciable 75 economic advantage of a saving of heating energy in comparison with known furnaces, since the part of the bath which is not needed is not heated and solidifies. The cover units have projecting edges 80 dipping into the bath or into the melt, after the style of a suction cup, the wires to be coated with the zinc or other coating metal being drawn through the bath beneath the cover units 85 Due to the high temperature in the heating chamber beneath the cover, which rises to about 8000 C while the molten bath only has a temperature of up to about 45010 C, when atmospheric 90 oxygen is present in the chamber an oxidisation occurs

on the surface of the bath, which leads for example in the case of a zinc bath to the formation of zinc ash Now the source of heat in the cover is switched on and ofi with a thermostat arrangement regulating the temperature of the bath, whereby an alternate heating and cooling of the cavity occurs Since the melt here represents a good heatstorage means, which only gives of heat slowly, while the cover and the cover space cool down rapidly to about 3000 C, until the thermostatic arrangement switches on the source of heat again, temperature change of about 83000 C occur in the cover space The temperature fluctuations prevent good sealing of the cover, which is lined in the same manner as the tank. Now on the cooling down in the cover space there occurs a negative pressure in relation to the atmosphere, so that air can flow in through joints and other unsealed parts in the cover, so that now the process of oxidisation begins afresh at every heating. This defect is avoided by filling the cover compartments, at least during the cooling period, with an oxygen-free gas, that is with a protective gas, with pressure greater than that of the atmosphere. In the case of covers operated with combustible heating means a super-pressure of 0 5 to 1 atm in the cover chamber can be obtained by means of a throttle valve arranged in the draught conduit for the waste gases The production of the excess pressure is in this way advantageous, since the protection of the bath surface is achieved by the waste gases, which are worthless in themselves, and thus no extra expense is required An excess pressure of 0 5 to 1 atm is sufficient to maintain a pressure high in relation to that of the atmosphere within the cover space, with temperature fluctuations of about 300 (D In the case of electrically-heated covers the introduction of protective gas under positive pressure in relation to the atmospheric pressure is necessary. The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of a furnace in longitudinal central section, for operation for normal, that is to say flat or horizontal, galvanisation, Figure 2 shows the same with another cover arrangement for operation for a heavy or vertical galvanisation. In the drawings, the furnace indicated generally at 1 comprises a brick-lined ceramic tank 3 for the reception of the zinc or other coating metal 4, and heated cover units 5, 6 arranged over the tank 3, which cover units can be lowerd into the molten coating metal 4 after the fashion of a suction cup The workpieces to ibe coated, 'or example wires 9, are guided through the bath beneath the cover units 70 5, 6 by reversing rollers 2 and a guide member 10 J, for example a wear-resistant ceramic brick For the variation of the length of the

immersion of the wires for a heavy or vertical galvanisation (Fig 75 2), after the one cover unit 5 has been lifted, the rollers 2 are moved to obtain the desired immersion length and behind the rollers 2 a partition 11 is arranged in order to reduce the melt volume to be 80 heated The transverse partition 11 can be suspended or may slide in guides The wires 9 are then passed slowly through and are guided from the brick 10 vertically upwards out of a bath The brick 85 ensures a vibration-iree running of the wires 9 The bath surface where free of the, cover is covered in any known way by a protective layer for the purpose of protection against oxidation In order also 9 g -to prevent oxidisation on the bath surface within the cover units o, 6 in spite of the high temperature (about 80 t} C), the cover units are filled with oxygen-free gas at super-atmosplheric pressure which pre 95 cludes the entry of atmospheric oxygen when the cover compartments are cooling down For this purpose in the case of a cover fed with gaseous or liquid fuel the waste-gas conduit 12 is provided with a Ion( throttle valve 13 The fuel-supply duct 14 and the air supply duct 15 each have a. regulating valve 16, 17, which valves are coupled with one another and with a thermostat (not shown) The air supply is 105 such that not more than the amount of oxygen necessary for complete combustion is admitted to the cover space Thus oxygen-free waste gases are stored in the cover compartments under positive pres 110 sure The air initially enclosed in the space inside the cover is forced out of the cover space by the waste gases through the throttle valve 13, through which the waste gases also escape 115 In the case of electrically-heated covers an oxygen-free protective gas is forced into the cover space under positive presssure, the air initially enclosed when the cover is placed in position escaping fromi 120 the cover space through an over-pressure valve The positive pressure in the cover space during the heating periods is adjusted so that the pressure does not drop beneath 1 atm abs during the iiter 125 mittent cooling of the cover space to approximately the temperature of the melt.


* GB785966 (A)

Description: GB785966 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to electric circuit breakers


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PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 9, 1956. No 7432/56. Application made in United States of America on March 14, 1955. Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance-Class 30 ( 5), Bl L( 2 A: 2 C: 6 M: 6 X 13), B 4 (C: G). International Classification: -H 02 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvrem-ents in or rekating to Electric Circuit Breakers We, WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL COMPANY, of 40, Wall Street, New York, 5, State of New York, United States of America, a Corporation organised and existing under the Laws of the State of Delaware, in said United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:This invention relates to electric circuit breakers and more particularly to circuit breakers of the type used to control moderate power distribution circuits.

Many modern circuit breaker designs incorporate the electrical circuit in the form of a Ushaped loop wherein the current carrying terminal studs form the legs of the loop and the movable contact-carrying member forms the closed end of the loop In such designs, excessively high magnetic forces are generated which are exerted on all portions of the loop when the electrical circuit is subjected to high short-circuit currents The extremely high stresses resulting from the magnetic forces are exerted in a direction which tends to enlarge the loop and force the movable contact-carrying member in opening direction Closing a circuit breaker of high fault-current rating against high short-circuit currents of, for example, 100,000 amperes, requires excessive closing energy. It has been found that the magnetic flux can be shifted out of phase enough to cause the magnetic flux to lag behind the current by as much as 150 In this manner, a slight delay is effected in the flux build-up which is equivalent to reducing the current by approximately 18 per cent in the case of a symmetrical current wave This result is obtained by placing a mass or bar of a non-magnetic electrically conductive material within the main current-carrying loop of the circuit breaker The magnetic flux around the current loop induces eddy currents in the conductive mass or bar, and the magnetic flux resulting from the eddy lPrice currents is out of phase with the main current loop flux This results in a bucking action which delays the magnetic flux build-up in the main current loop causing it to lag behind the current rise after the contacts touch during a closing operation The force required to close the breaker against excessive fault currents is thereby substantially reduced. The invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Fig 1 is a vertical sectional view of a circuit breaker embodying the principles of the invention; Fig 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a symmetrical current wave and the flux phase shift effected by the invention; Fitg 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the flux paths. Referring to Fig 1 of the drawings, the circuit breaker is of the multipole type, each pole unit including a separable contact structure indicated generally at 11, and an overcurrent trip device indicated generally at 13. Only the center pole of the circuit breaker is shown and will be described The contact structure and the trip device for each pole are mounted on separate insulating bases 15 which are rigidly secured to a metal panel 17 The bases 15 of the several pole units are secured to the panel 17 by means of screws 19. The contact structure 11 comprises stationary main contacts 23, a

stationary intermediate contact 24 and a stationary arcing contact 25, all supported on the inner end of a terminal conductor 27 which extends through suitable clearance openings in the base 15 and panel 17. Cooperating with the stationary main, intermediate and arcing contacts 23, 24 and 25, respectively, are movable main contacts 29, a movable intermediate contact 30 and a movable arcing contact 31 The stationary main contacts 23 are pivotally supported and are biased into engagement with the movable main contacts in the closed position of the breaker The stationary arcing contact is mounted for limited 785,966 movement in a well known manner and is biased into engagement with the moving arcing contact in the closed position The movable main contacts 29, the movable intermediate contact 30 and the movable arcing contact 31 are supported on a movable switch member pivotally mounted by means of a pivot pin 37 on a bracket 39 The bracket 39 is secured by means of a screw 41 to the inner end of a lower terminal member 43 Spring-biased contact members 45 provide a wiping contact with the movable switch member 35 adjacent the pivoted end thereof A spring 47 compressed between a spring seat 49 on the base 15 and the movable switch member 35 biases the latter in opening direction. The movable contact structure is normally maintained in the closed position by an operating mechanism indicated generally at 61 (Fig. 1) mounted in a U-shaped frame comprising spaced side members 65 and a connecting cross member 67 and is supported on a platform 69, which forms a cross member of a main bracket comprising a pair of spaced side members 71 (Fig 1) joined at their outer ends by the cross member on platform 69 The platform extends across the width of the breaker and the side members 71 are rigidly secured to the panel 17 on the outsides of the two outer pole units. The operating mechanism includes a lever 73 pivotally mounted on a pivot pin 75 supported in the side members 65 of the frame. The lever 73 comprises a pair of spaced levers joined by a cross member 77 and between them support a rod 79 which extends across all of the poles of the breaker The rod 79 is operatively connected to the movable switch member 35 by means of an insulating connecting member 81 and pivot pin 82 in the switch member There is a connecting member 81 for each pole of the breaker connecting the rod 79 to the moving contact structure for each pole unit so that upon operation of the rod 79, the movable contact structure for all three poles move in unison. An operating linkage comprising toggle links 83, 85 and 87 is provided to hold the lever 73 and consequently, the movable contacts in the closed position and to operate the movable contacts to open and closed positions The toggle link 83 is pivotally connected to the lever 73 by a pivot pin 89 and the toggle link 85 is connected by a knee pivot pin

91 to the toggle link 83 and by a knee pivot pin 93 to the toggle link 87 The toggle link 87 is pivotally mounted on a fixed pivot 97 in the frame members 65 and has a cam member thereon. The linkage 83, 85, 87 comprises two toggles one of which 83, 85 functions as a tripping toggle and the other 85, 87 as a closing toggle. The tripping toggle is normally slightly underset above a line drawn through the pivot pins 89, 93 and the closing toggle 85, 87 is normally slightly below a line drawn through the pivots 91, 97. The tripping toggle 83, 85 is normally biased in a direction to cause its collapse by the springs 47 which bias the moving contact struc 70 ture for the several poles of the breaker in opening direction and bias the connecting members 81 toward the left (Fig 1) The tripping toggle 83, 85 is normally prevented from collapsing by means of a main latch member 75 99 pivoted on a pin 100 and connected by a link 101 to the knee pin 91 of the tripping toggle, the link 101 being connected to the latch member 99 by a pivot pin 103. The main latch 99 is held in latching rosi 80 tion by an intermediate latch lever 105 pivoted on a pin 107 supported in the frame members The latch lever 105 carries a latch roller 111 which normally engages the main latch 99 to releasably hold the latter in holding posi 85 tion The latch lever 105 at its lower end carries a latch member 113 which normally engages a light-load latch 115 on a channelshaped member 117 pivoted on a Din 119 in the frame members 65 The latch lever 105 90 and the member 117 are biased to their latching positions by a spring 121 tensioned between the parts as shown in Fig 1 Rigidly mounted on the right hand end of the channelshaped member 117 is a trip bar 123 which 95 extends across all of the poles of the breaker and has secured thereto an insulating bracket for each pole of the breaker Each of the brackets 125 has a headed screw 127 adjustably mounted therein for cooperating with the trip 100 device 13 for the corresponding pole unit. As long as the main latch 99 is held in latching position by the latching mechanism just described, the tripping toggle 83, 85 will, through the link 101, be held in the position 105 shown in which the breaker contacts are held in the closed position The closing toggle 85, 87 is normally prevented from collapsing by a shouldered support member 131 pivoted on the pin 107 and biased by a spring 133 into 110 supporting engagement with the knee pin 93 of the closing toggle. Rigidly secured to the front plate or cross member 67 of the frame is a bearing member in which is rotatably mounted a handle 115 shaft 137 to the outer end of which is secured an operating handle 139 (Fig 1) Secured to the inner end of the shaft 137 is a disc 141 having a roller 143 eccentrically mounted thereon The roller 143 has the dual

function 120 of engaging and actuating the channel shaped member 117 to manually trip the breaker upon movement of the handle 139 in one direction and of engaging the cam 95 on the closing toggle 85, 87 to manually close the breaker 1 upon movement of the handle in the opposite direction. Assuming the circuit breaker to be in the closed and latched position with the support member 131 supporting the closing toggle 85, 130 785,966 87 in its extended thrust transmitting position, the circuit breaker is tripped open by manually rotating the handle in the proper direction. During this movement, the roller 143 engages and actuates the channel shaped member 117 to disengage the latch member 115 from the latch 113 whereupon the force exerted by the springs 47 biasing the switch arms 35 in opening direction and which is transmitted through the connecting members 81, the rod 79 and the lever 73, causes the tripping toggle 83, 85 to collapse upwardly and effects opening movement of the movable contacts for all of the poles of the breaker. The closing toggle 85, 87 does not immediately collapse following release of the latch mechanism since it is held by the support 131. During the unlatching movement of the main latch 99, a cam (not shown) thereon engages the tail of the support member 131 and moves this member clockwise about its pivot 107 to disengage the shoulder thereon from beneath the pin 93 whereupon the toggle 85, 87 collapses downwardly under its own weight and the weight of the moving armature of a closing solenoid, which will be described later. Collapse of the closing toggle 85, 87 causes resetting of the tripping toggle 83, 85 to thrust transmitting position and also causes resetting of the latching mechanism to latching position The operating mechanism is now in condition for a closing operation. The circuit breaker is automatically tripped open by operation of the trip device 13 for any pole of the breaker The trip device may be of any suitable type, and is arranged to trip the breaker after a time delay and also instantaneously in response to overload currents of different values on short circuit currents. The contacts are closed either manually by operation of the handle 139 or by operation of a closing solenoid indicated generally at 145 (Fig 1) In order to close the contacts manually, the handle 139 is moved in the direction opposite to the direction it is moved to manually trip the breaker This movement of the handle causes the roller 143 to engage the cam on the closing toggle 85, 87 and straightens the closing toggle Since, at this time, the knee of the tripping toggle 83, 85 is restrained by the latching mechanism, the thrust of straightening the closing toggle 85, 87 is transmitted through the tripping toggle to rotate the lever 73 in a clockwise direction to

close the breaker contacts As the knee pin 93 of the closing toggle arrives at the fully closed position, the spring 133 restores the support member 131 to supporting engagement with the knee pin 93 to maintain the contacts closed. The circuit breaker is closed automatically by energization of the closing solenoid 145 which is effected either manually or automatically in a well known manner The closing solenoid 145 comprises a fixed U-shaped magnet yoke 151 and a fixed core member 153 mounted on the underside of the platform 69. A movable armature 155 is attached to the lower end of an operating rod 157 which extends upwardly and has its upper end pivotally connected to the knee pivot pin 93 of the 70 closing toggle 85, 87 An energizing coil 159 is supported on a cross member 161 secured by means of bolts 163 to the lower ends of the legs of the U-shaped magnet yoke 151. In the closed position of the breaker, the 75 armature 155 is held in its raised position in which it is shown in Fig 1 When the breaker is tripped open, the closing toggle 85, 87 collapses downward permitting the armature to assume its lower or unattracted position 80 Thereafter, upon energization of the coil 159, the armature 155 is attracted upward and acts through the rod 157 to straighten the closing toggle 85, 87 and close the breaker. The circuit controlled by the breaker is in 85 the form of a loop with the terminal conductors 27 and 43 forming the legs of the loop and the movable contact member 35 forming the normally closed end of the loop Excessive current flowing in the loop generates magnetic 90 flux which tends to enlarge the loop which exerts a force on the movable switch member in opening direction and which opposes closing movement of the movable switch member. It has been found that the magnetic flux which 95 tends to oppose closing of the movable switch member against high currents can be shifted out of phase so as to lag behind the current by as much as 15 electrical degrees by means of a bar 165 (Figs 1 and 3) of non-magnetic 100 electrically conductive material, such as copper, mounted in the loop adjacent the movable switch member and extending transversely of the loop The magnetic field shown schematically at 167 (Fig 3) produced by changing 105 current in the main circuit causes eddy currents shown schematically at 169 (Fig 3) to flow in the conductive bar 165 in the direction indicated by the arrows The eddy currents flowing in the bar 165 produce a flux field 171 11 ( 1 of their own which is out of phase with the flux produced by the main circuit current and which reduces the main current flux tending to blow the movable switch member open and to oppose closing movement of the movable 115 switch member.

As shown in Fig 2, a symmetrical half cycle of 60 cycle current rises to its crest value in 1, of a cycle or 4 165 milliseconds Assuming that, during a closing operation, the contacts 120 travel at an average speed of 120 inches per second from the time the contacts touch to the time when they are in full engagement and the breaker latches, they will be traveling at an average speed of two inches per cycle, or '/, 125 inch in 1/4 cycle or 4 165 milliseconds Also, if the arcing contacts are arranged to travel 1/, inch and the main contacts to travel '/l, inch from the time of touching until they are fully closed, the breaker will then be fully closed 130 785,966 in slightly less than 1/, cycle after the contacts touch and the current will have risen to only approximately half of its maximum value when the breaker is fully closed and latched. The reduction of the flux produced by the main circuit current, effected by the high conductivity bar 165, is equivalent to the flux build-up, as a phase shift of about 15 electrical degrees This effects a gain in time of almost -/, of a millisecond delay in the flux build-up which is equivalent to reducing the current by 18 % in a symmetrical current wave as shown in Fig 2. It will thus be seen that, due to the delay in the flux build-up efected by the bar 165 of high conductive material, the maximum current the breaker is required to close against is approximately 10 % less than it would be if the bar 165 were not present This correspondingly reduces the force required to close the breaker against a high fault current.


* GB785967 (A)

Description: GB785967 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to leveller bar apparatus for coke ovens


PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859967 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 16, 1956. No 8264/56. Application made in Belgium on March 18, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 51 ( 2), B 7 (A 6: X: Y 8). International Classification:-Cl Ob. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Leveller Bar Apparatus for Coke Ovens We, " EVENCE COPPEE '& CIE," of 103, Boulevard dce Waterloo, Brussels, Belgium, a Belgian 'Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a I Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and 'by the following statement: - The present invention relates to a leveller bar apparatus for coal introduced into the coking chambers of a battery of coke ovens, which apparatus contains, at its front and lower end, a spillage container the nose of which is, on the one hand, introduced' automatically into the frame of the leveller bar door of the coking chamber which is being charged at the beginning of the driving in of the leveller bar apparatus into the chamber in question for the purpose of collecting the surplus coal 'brought out of said chamber when the leveller bar apparatus is withdrawn therefrom and' on the other hand, automatically Withdrawn from said frame at the end of the withdrawal of the leveller bar apparatus from the chamber, the said apparatus further containing a device which reintroduces the coal contained in the aforesaid container between the blades of the leveller bar apparatus during the driving of the latter into the coking chamber which is being charged'. Leveller bar apparatus of this kind are known in which the device which returns the coal contained in the aforesaid spillage container between the blades of the leveller bar apparatus during the driving of the latter into a coking chamber, is constituted by an elevator disposed outside the container and which discharges the coal which it oonveys, between the blades so as to recharge said coal into the oven. The present invention provides a leveller bar apparatus with which the coal contained in the spillage container is recharged in the oven by simpler, lighter, and less bulky means. In the leveller bar apparatus according to the invention, the said spillage container has a movable base of variable height which is lPrice 3 s 6 d l raised when ithe leveller 'bar apparatus is driven

into the coking chamber which' is being charged, for the purpose of pushing the coal contained in the container between the blades of the apparatus which penetrate into said chamber Said movable base is then lowered. The leveller bar apparatus according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the movement for raising the base is automatically controlled by the driving of the leveller bar apparatus into a coking chamber. In particular, after the automatic introduction of the nose of the aforesaid spillage 'container into the frame of the leveller bar door, the raising of the base of said container is controlled, automatically by the leveller bar apparatus when the latter is driven into a coking chamber, while the lowering of said base is controlled automatically by the said base arriving at the end of the raising stroke. In one preferred form of construction, the apparatus accordmg to the invention is characterised in that the leveller bar carries a stop which, after the nose of the aforesaid 'container has been introduced into the frame of the leveller bar door, temporarily displaces the distributor of a compressed air pilot valve into a position in which compressed air is applied against one of the faces of a disfributor of a compressed air relay valve, in that the latter distributor is thus brought into a position in, which it applies compressed air to a piston, which, by moving, causes the base to be raised, in that a part which is movable during the driving in of the leveller 'bar causes, at the end of the driving in movement, the temporary displacement of a distributor of another compressed air pilot valve into a position in which compressed air is applied to the face of the distributor of the aforesaid relay valve opposed to that which caused the first displacement of said distributor and'in that in its new position the latter applies compressed air to the opposite face of the 'aforesaid piston, thus causing the said base to be lowered. ' Other features and details of ithe invention will be clear from the description of the accompanying drawings which show diagrammatically and by way of example only some forms of construction of the machine according to the invention. Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation on the line P-I in Figure 3, of the front part of a leveller bar apparatus according to the invention, after the end of the coal container has been engaged in the frame of the leveller bar door. Figure 2 is an elevation of the rear part of this leveller bar apparatus in the same position as in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a plan view of the part shown in Figure 1. Figure 4 is a section on the line IV-IV in Figure 1. Figure 5 shows on a larger scale and with slightly more detail some of

the parts mounted on the front part and on the rear part of the leveller bar apparatus. Figures 6 and 7 show two forms of construction of the machine according to the invention, in a similar manner to Figure 1. In these various Figures, like elements have been given like references. The leveller bar apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 5 contains a frame 2 in relation 'to which it is possible to advance the leveller bar constituted by ithe blades 3 mounted between two plates 4 The leveller bar is supported and guided in relation to the frame 2 by rollers such as 5 and 6 A carriage 7 is movable in relation to the frame 2 It is carried by the latter by means of rollers 8 Said carriage carries a spillage container 9 provided with a nose 10 which can be introduced into the frame 11 of the leveller bar door, as shown in Figure 1 Said door, which is denoted by 12, is shown in the position it occupies after having been raised, in a manner known per se, to permit the introduction of the leveller bar into a coking chamber The base of the container is denoted by 13. It is movable as to height so as to push up the coal contained in the container 9 and which was brought there during the preceding levelling and the extraction of the leveller bar from the coking chamber. The raising of the base 13 is effected when the leveller bar is driven into the coking chamber during charging It follows from this that the coal contained in the container 9 is pushed between the blades 3 during the time the latter penetrate into said chamber. The raising of the base 13 is controlled automatically by the leveller bar when the latter is driven into the chamber, this driving in taking place after the nose of the container has been automatically introduced into the frame 11 of the door When, during its raising, the base 13 reaches the upper part of the container 9, it is automatically lowered Said container is therefore ready to receive coal which sometimes falls from the oven during levelling. It may also receive coal driven out of the oven when the leveller bar is withdrawn from the latter These various automatic movements 70 may be carried out, for example, by means of compressed air distributed by pilot valves and a relay valve which will be discussed hereinbelow. One of the plates 4 of the leveller bar 75 carries, towards the rear, a stop 14 which, at the beginning of the movement of the leveller bar towards the oven, temporarily displaces the distributor of a pilot valve 15 downwardly at the moment it meets a lever 17 80 In Figures 2 and 5, said stop 14 is shown in the position it occupies after it has actuated the distributor of the pilot valve 15 In Figure 5, said distributor is denoted by reference 16. It is connected to the lever 17 by a connecting 85 rod 18 It has been

brought into its lower position at the moment the stop 14, moving in the direction of the arrow X, met the lever 17 In this position, compressed air supplied through a nozzle 19 passes into a pipe 20 90 which leads to the rear end of a cylinder 21 (Figure 1) A piston contained' in said cylinder is connected by a rod 22 to the container 9. Under the pressure of the compressed air admitted to the rear end of the cylinder 21, 95 the container 9 and the carriage 7 are moved in the direction of the arrow X, thus introducing the nose 10 into the frame 11 of the leveller bar door During this movement of the piston, the air contained in the cylinder 100 21 in front of the piston can escape through a pipe 23 (Figures 1 and 5) which leads to the pilot valve 15 Communication of this pipe with the atmosphere is established by means of a nozzle 24 105 If the leveller bar continues to advance in the direction of the arrow X, from the position shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5, the stop 14 meets a benlt lever 25 which in rocking raises a distributor 26 (Figure 5) constantly 110 urged by a spring 27 to occupy a position at the lower part of a pilot valve 28 When the stop 14 has passed the bent lever 25, the latter and the distributor 26 immediately return to the position shown in Fig 5 under 115 the action of the return spring 27 When the distributor is momentarily raised during the passage of the stop 14 in contact with the bent lever 25, compressed air supplied by a nozzle 29 passes through a pipe 30 and leads 120 to the front end of a relay valve 31 This compressed air moves a distributor 32 to the right After the displacement of this distributor, compressed air supplied by a nozzle 33 passes into a pipe 34 and penetrates into a 125 cylinder 35 at the rear end of the said pipe. Under the action of this compressed air, a piston 36 is moved to the left and causes a bent lever 37 to which it is connected to rock. The air contained in the cylinder 35 infrontof 130 7855967 l through the pipe 23 to the front end of the cylinder 21, thus causing the return, to the right, of the piston contained in said cylinder and the withdrawal of the nose '10 from the frame 11 of the leveller bar door, The air 70 contained in the cylinder 21 to the right of said latter piston can escape into the atmosphere through the pipe 20 and a nozzle 54 of the pilot valve 15. In Figure 6 is shown a modification of the 75 leveller bar apparatus according to the invention, wherein a spillage channel 55 is provided behind the spillage container 9 This channel is intended to evacuate towards a hopper 56 a quantity of coal in excess of the capacity 80 of the container 9, in the case when a faulty operation has led to the discharge into the coking chamber to be levelled of a quantity of coal greater than that desired When such a faulty operation has' occurred,

the surplus 85 coal collected in the hopper 56 is returned by known means (not shown) to a reservoir which supplies the charging carriage circulating above the battery. In Figure '7 is shown another form of con 90 struction of the leveller bar apparatus according to the invention, wherein the base 131 of the container 9 is movable, not 'by swinging about an axis situated towards the nose 10, but by translation from bottom to top during 95 the driving in of the leveller bar into a coking chamber This movement of the base 131 is obtained 'by means of a cylinder 35 playing the same part as that which controls the displacement of the bent 'lever 37 in Figures 1 100 to 5 a.


* GB785968 (A)

Description: GB785968 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Multiple sheet glazing unit


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BE546939 (A) CH345123 (A) DE1061043 (B) ES227876 (A1) FR1149022 (A) LU34308 (A) NL105225 (C) US2968125 (A) BE546939 (A) CH345123 (A) DE1061043 (B) ES227876 (A1) FR1149022 (A) LU34308 (A) NL105225 (C) US2968125 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,968 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 10, 1956. No 10851156. Application made in United States of America on April 12, 1955. Coplete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 56, MF 6, M 51 I, InteAd bowrl liflr 9 ERRATA PAI of Cit Oh de SPECIFICATION No 785,968 Page 1, line 60, after "is" insert ", " Page 3, line 53, after " glass " insert ", " Page 3, line 59, for "portons" read "portions" Page 4, line 88, for " sation " read " station " THE PATENT OFFICE, g 16th Decen pa ap open scri sheets ui mbuz vlilull alc drclc Ux ill 3 Fanvu relation entirely around their edge portions to provide a hermetically sealed, dead air space 4therebetween Due principally to their insulating and condensation preventing qualities, such units have become well established in the building trades and have found, wide usage as windows for buildings, show cases, vehicles, refrigerators, and the like. In order to provide a multiple sheet glazing unit with the desired heat insulating and condensation preventing qualities, it is necessary that humid or moisture laden air be removed from the space between the sheets of glass making up the unit This may be done by partial evacuation or by replacing the moisture laden air with dry air or gas which is best suited to the conditions to which the unit is to be put To make possible the removal of moisture laden air from the enclosed space between the glass sheets, with or without substituting dry air or gas therefor, after the sheets have been joined at the marginal edges to enclose the space, a means of access to the enclosed space of the unit must be provided. Likewise, after the space has been properly dehydrated, the means of access must be permanently sealed to hermetically seal the unit. The conventional way of providing access to the enclosed space between the sheets of a glazing unit of this character is to drill or other(Price 3 s 6 d 1 aber, 1957. riaxuir uilil Ui vltllbl a l-,ya LIV v breather opening is provided in the sealed edge wall of the unit. Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method and apparatus for forming dehydration or breather holes in the sealed edge portions of all-glass multiple sheet glazing units during the sealing

of the edge portions of the glass sheets together. In the accompanying drawings: Fig 1 is a perspective view of an all-glass multiple sheet glazing unit of the type with which this invention is concerned; Fig 2 is a sectional view of the glazing unit taken substantially along lines 2-2 of Fig 1 showing a dehydration or breather hole in the sealed edge wall of the unit; Fig 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a burner used to heat the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to the fusing temperature of the glass; Fig 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of apparatus for producing an all-glass glazing unit according to this invention; Fig 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the relationship between a fusing burner and the glass sheets as the marginal edge portions of a pair of opposed sides of the sheets are being heated to the fusing temperature and after a dehydration hole has been placed in the sealed edge of one side of the unit; PATENT SPECIFICATION 7559968 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 10, 1956. HaN 10851156. / ' O Alication made in United States of America on April 12, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 56, MF 6, 'M 511. International Classification:-C 03 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Multiple Sheet Glazing Unit We, LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD 'GLASS COMPANY, a 'Corporation organized under the laws of the State of Ohio, of 608 i Madison Avenue, l City of Toledo, County of Lucas and State of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and' the method by which it is to 'be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:The present invention relates broadly to allglass, multiple sheet glazing units and more particularly to an improved method and apparatus for forming dehydration or 'breather openings in such units Multiple sheet glazing units may be described generally as comprising two or more sheets of glass which are sealed in spaced relation entirely around their edge portions to provide a hermetically sealed, dead air space therebetween Due principally to their insulating and condensation preventing qualities, such units have become well established in the building trades and have found wide usage as windows for buildings, show cases, vehicles, refrigerators, and the like. In, order to provide a multiple sheet glazing unit with the desired heat insulating and condensation preventing qualities, it is necessary that humid or moisture laden air be removed from the space between the

sheets of glass making up the unit This may be done by partial evacuation or by replacing the moisture laden air with dry air or gas which is best suited to the conditions to which the unit is to be put, To make possible the removal of moisture laden air from the enclosed space between the glass sheets, with or without substituting dry air or gas therefor, after the sheets have been joined at the marginal edges to enclose the space, a means of access to the enclosed space of the unit must be provided. Likewise, after the space has been properly dehydrated, the means of access must be permanently sealed to hermentically seal the unit. The conventional way of providing access to the enclosed space between the sheets of a glazing unit of this character is to drill or otherk Prkce 3 s 6 d 1 wise cut an opening through one of the sheets before they are sealed together so that the internal and external pressures may be equalized while the edge portions of the sheets are being fused together However, drilled holes of this type have several disadvantages in that the glass often times breaks when being drilled, or small fissures are produced around the hole during drilling which cause the sheet to break when exposed to thermal shock Additionally, when the holes are drilled through the face surfaces of the glass sheets, the sealed hole is in many cases, 'exposed after the unit has been glazed, leaving it vulnerable to sharp instruments such as a glazer's putty knife. It is therefore a primary object of this invention to provide an all-glass multiple sheet glazing unit in which a dehydration hole or breather opening is provided in the sealed edge wall of the unit. Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method and apparatus for forming dehydration or breather holes in the sealed edge portions of all-glass multiple sheet glazing units during the sealing of the edge portions of the glass sheets together. In the accompanying drawings: Fig, 1 is a perspective view of an all-glass multiple sheet glazing unit of the type with which this invention is concerned; Fig 2 is a sectional view of the glazing unit taken substantially along lines 2-2 of Fig 1 showing a dehydration or breather hole in the sealed edge wall of the unit; Fig 3 ' is a fragmentary plan view of a burner used to heat the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to the fusing temperature of the glass; Fig 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of apparatus for producing an all-glass glazing unit according to this invention; Fig 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the relationship between a fusing burner and the glass sheets as the marginal edge portions of a pair of opposed sides of the sheets are being 'heated to the fusing temperature and after a dehydration hole has been placed in the sealed edge of one side of the unit; Fig 6 is a

fragmentary sectional plan view of the apparatus showing the conveyor apparatus in relation,to the fusing burners and hole forming means; Fig 7 is a side view of an edge forming tool for forming a multiple sheet glazing unit showing its action on the edge portions of spaced sheets of glass to form a sealed edge of the unit; Fig, 8 is a side view of the hole forming apparatus to which this invention is directed; Fig 9 is a fragmentary plan view of a sealed edge of a multiple sheet glazing unit showing the dehydration or breather hole therein; Fig 10 is a fragmentary sectional view of the actuating means for the hole forming means of the invention; and Fig 11 is a sectional view taken along lines 11-il of Fig 10. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing multiple sheet glazing units, which comprises supporting two sheets of glass in spaced face-to-face relation with respect to one another, heating the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to fuse the said edge portions together to form sealed edge walls, and forming an opening through one of said edge walls while in a semisoft condition to provide a means of access to the space between the glass sheets. The invention also provides apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units, comprising means for supporting two sheets of glass in spaced face-to-face relation with respect to one another, means for heating the edge portions of the glass sheets to enable them to be fused together to form a sealed edge wall, and means for forming an opening in said edge wall while in a semi-soft condition to provide access to the space between the glass sheets. With reference to the drawings, there is shown in Figs 1 and 2 an all-glass glazing unit 20 produced in accordance with this invention which comprises two sheets of glass 21 and 22 spaced from one another as at 23 by edge wall portions 24 As shown in Fig 2 a dehydration or breather hole 25 to which this invention is concerned is disposed in at least one of the edge wall portions 24 It is through dehydration or breather holes of this type that pressures within the space 23 are equalized with respect to the external pressure on the outside of the unit during and after the sheets are fused together Also, it is through the dehydration hole that the dehydrated air is introduced into the unit. As will best be seen in Figs 4 and 6, the means by which the all-glass multiple sheet glazing unit 20 may be produced is designated generally by the numeral 26 and includes a furnace 27, and, a conveyor means 28 mounted adjacent the furnace for carrying the sheets through the furnace to be fused Within the furnae there are arranged a plurality of sealing areas here designated by the letters A and B respectively through which sheets 21 and 22 pass during the sealing process.

The conveyor 28 includes a rail support frame 29 and a carriage 30 adapted to ride on 70 rails 31 mounted On the support frame The carriage 30 which is adapted to move the spaced sheets 21 and 22 through the furnace, includes a substantially rectangular base 32 (Fig 6) supported on axles 33 which carry 75 groove wheels 34 at their ends cut to substantially the curvature of the rails 31 so as to accurately guide the carriage as it moves adjacent the furnace. Vacuum platens 35 and 36 are provided 80 on the carriage to support the sheets 21 and 22 in substantially vertical and spaced position with respect to one another as the carriage moves the sheets through the furnace More particularly, the vacuum platen 35 is mounted 85 on one end of a stub shaft 37 which is rotatably mounted adjacent its other end in a bearing 38 on a cross arm 39 Cross arm 39 is supported by means of pillow blocks 40 between the ends of a pair of spaced support rods 90 41 which are secured by means of additional pillow blocks not shown to the rectangular base 32 Vacuum platen 36 is mounted on one end of a longer shaft 42 and is spaced from platen 3,5 a distance equal to the width of the 95 all-glass multiple sheet glazing unit to be produced The shaft 42 is rotatably journaled in suitable bearing on the base 32 and may be turned by a handle or knob 43 for a purpose to be described hereinbelow 100 As will best be seen in Fig 4, each of the platens 35 and 36 is provided with depressions or vacuum cups 44 through which vacuum may be applied to the sheets to hold them against the faces of the respective platens Grooves 105 which are provided along the face of each of the platens connect the vacuum cups 44 -to a centrally disposed opening or bore 46 provided in both the stub shaft 37 and the longer shaft 42 A vacuum or negative pressure area 110 is created in the vacuum cups 44 by means of a vacuum pump 47 (Fig 6) The vacuum pump 47 is carried on the base portion 32 and is connected 'by a suitable pipe 48 to a bore in the stub shaft 37 and by pipe 49 to the bore 115 in shaft 42 which connects into pipe 48. As mentioned above, the carriage 30 rides on the rails 31 to carry the sheets 21 and 22 through the furnace Movement of the carriage is accomplished by means of a chain drive 120 mechanism 50 to which the carriage 30 may be operably connected by means of a suitable coupling 51. Turning now specifically to the furnace 27 (Figs 4 and 6) it is formed generally of a 125 bottom wall 52, side walls 53 and 54, and a roof or ceiling 55 of fire brick or other suitable refractory material The bottom wall 52 is supported on its corner edges by longitudinally extendin beams 56 fastened to support 130 785,968 785,968 3 legs 57 For purposes of illustration, heat is supplied to the furnace by nichrome or other wire filaments 58, fastened to the side walls 53 and

54, however, gas burners' or other well known heating techniques may be employed to produce the desired heating effects. To allow the support rods 41 and the shaft 42 to extend into the interior of the furnace so that platens 35 and 36 may support sheets 21 and 22 and move them, past the sealing stations A and B, etc, the furnace 27 is provided with a slot '(not shown), in the side wall 54, one side of which is defined by a longitudinally extending channel 59 (Fig 6) This slot allows the platens 35 and 3 '6 to be moved' completely through the furnace and past each of the sealing stations A, B, etc, without meeting any obstructions. At each of the sealing stations A, B, etc, there are provided sealing elements which include a bending or fusion burner 60 (Figs 3, 4 and 6), a forming or shaping tool 61 and a finishing burner '62 all mounted on a suitable frame 63 ' which extends into the furnace More particularly, the fusing burners '60 '(Fig 6) have angularly disposed side rows of nozzles 64 mounted thereon The nozzles 64 serve to direct flames 65 in impinging relation upon the 'edge portions of the glass sheets 21 and 22 as they move therepast to, heat the edge portions to the bending temperature thereof. After a pair of aligned edge portions of the glass sheet are heated to at least the bending temperature of the glass by impinging flames 65 ' (Fig, 4) coming from the nozzles 64 they are moved into contact with the forming tool 61 As will best be seen in Fig 7, the forming tool includes forming wheels 66 rotatably mounted on substantially vertical axles 67. Each of the wheels preferably has a lower cylindrical ridge portion 6 '8 which may be moved substantially in contact with one another, while the upper portions of the forming wheels are tapered upwardly and inwardly from the ridge portion and have a dished-out or concave portion as indicated at 69 This dished-out or concave portion is formed to correspond to the desired curvature or shape of the sealed edge on side wall 24 of the multiple sheet glazing unit 20. Thus as the sheets 'leave the fusion burner area where the edge portions thereof are heated to at least the bending temperature of the glass they engage the forming wheels 66 which are free to rotate with the relative movement of the sheets and act to force or bring the edge portions of the respective sheets 21 and 22 into contact with one another as is illustrated in Fig 7 That is, the softened edge portons of the sheet upon passing through the restricted passageway between the forming wheels are caused to deflect inwardly to a point where they are brought into contact with one another and fused together. If desired, after the side walls or edges of the all-glass unit have been bent to the desired configuration by the forming tool '61, the marks or scratches that may have been formed by the forming tool may

be removed by a fire polishing process For this purpose, there is provided a finshing or polishing burner 62 having two rows of aligned nozzles 70 which impinge upon the sealed edge of the unit to again heat it slightly thus causing the marks or scratches to blend in an even smooth contour. As pointed out hereinabove, it has been common practice in the forming of multiple sheet glazing units to' place the dehydration or breather holes through the face portions of the 80 glass sheets before they were sealed together. This of course was found to be disadvantageous in some instances because of large amounts of breakage which occurred in drilling the sheets, or because of small fissures or 85 fractures which emanated from the drilled holes and caused the sheets to break upon the application of heat in the sealing of the edge portions together According to' the present invention, to alleviate these conditions, the de 90 hydration or breather hole is formed in the edge wall 24 of the unit immediately after the edge portions of the sheets have been sealed together and while the edge wall is still in at least a semi-soft condition 95 To accomplish the forming of the dehydration holes in the sidles of the unit, there is provided a hole punching means 71 at station A immediately behind the fire polishing burner 62 which is adapted to form a small hole 100 in one side of the fused wall 24 and to be immediately withdrawn so as not ito impede movement of the unit through the furnace. Specifically, the edge punching means includes a base portion 72 in which a punching rod 73 105 is carried in a suitable bore 74 The punching rod has a pointed end 75 andl is provided with a passageway 76 through which air or other suitable gas under pressure may pass to aid' in forming the dehydration hole A guide 110 block 77 having a bore 78 therein is provided' to guide the upper end of the punching rod 73 ' during its movement toward the passing glazing units. Actuation of the punching rod 73 is accom 115 plished by means of a solenoid 79 which forces the punching rod upwardly toward the sealed edge of the unit so as to penetrate the wall 24 The solenoid is energized when 'an arm on conveyor carriage 30 engages a switch 120 81 mounted on the frame 29 adjacent one of the rails 31 Utpon penetration of the edge wall 2,4, the punching rod 73 is immediately urged to its down or normal position indicated by the dotted line position 82 (Fig 10) 125 by a spring '83 carried in a larger bore 84 in the guide block 77 which abuts a collar on the punching rod and forces it downwardly upon deenergization of the solenoid. The action of the solenoid and the spring is 130 785,968 timed to be very fast so that the glazing unit being formed may be moved continuously without any hesitation or pause.

To aid in forming the hole 25 in the side wall 24 of the unit, as the pointed end 75 of the punching rod 73 makes contact with the side wall, air or gas under pressure is forced through the passageway J 76 in the punch rod. i The air or gas is brought to the bore in the rod 73 by means of passageways 86 and 87 in the base 72 which communicates with an opening 88 in the lower portion of the rod 73 when the rod is in the up or punching position, as indicated in Figs 8 and 10 More specifically, the passageway 86 has a plug 89 in one end thereof and air or gas is brought to the passageway by a pipe 90 When the punching rod is in its down position as indicated by the dotted line portion 82 in Fig 10, the opening 88 in the rod 73, is out of registry with the passageway 86 and the flow of air or gas through the opening 88 in the rod is cut off. When the rod is in the up position as shown in Figs 10 and 111, the air or gas may pass through the opening 88 in the rod and through the passageway:87 which has a plug 91 in one end thereof, and has a flexible hose 92 connected to the other end The other end of hose 92 is connected by means of a T-connection 93 to passageway 76 in the punch rod 73 In other words, the air or gas passes from the conduit pipe 90 through the passageway 86 to the opening 88 in the rod 73 to the passageway 87 through the flexible hose 92, and up to the passageway or bore 76 in the punching rod 73 As the punching rod,73 moves downwardly, the air is cut off by the valve action as the opening 88 in the rod moves out of registry with the passageway 86 and 87. After an edge wall 24 of the unit has been sealed and the dehydration hole 25 formed therein, the unit is rotated 900 as the carriage moves it to sealing station B to place another pair of unsealed edges in position to be sealed To rotate the glazing unit, the handle 43 on the end of shaft 42 is used to rotate platen 36 Since at this point the sheets 21 and 22 are joined along at least one edge thereof, and since both of the platens 35 and 36 exert vacuum forces upon the glazing unit, the far platen, 35 may rotate in its bearing mount 3 '8 with the glazing unit 20 as the platen 36 is rotated. As the unit begins to enter sealing station B, it passes 'a fusing burner head 60 which is similar to that shown in station A except that it is provided with a central row of nozzles 94 (Fig 3) comprising a plurality of angular disposed individual nozzles 95 located betwneen side rows of nozzles 64 The centrally disposed nozzles 9 '5 (Fig 5), which are at an angle with respect to the direction of movement x of the sheets 21 and 22, direct flames 96 between the unsealed edges of the sheet which are about to be fused together and upon the inside area, indicated generally at 97, of the dehydration or breather hole

25 By directing the flames to the inside of the newly formed dehydration hole, the inner edges of the hole may be fire polished and any strains 70 or cracks that may have formed along the inside of the edge wall 24 during the formation of the hole will be eliminated. 1 Upon the fire polishing of the inside of the dehydration hole, the edges of the sheet which 75 were simultaneously heated to at least bending temperature, engage another forming tool 61 which bring the respective edges into fusing contact with one another S imilarly, as in sealing station A, the sealed edge of the unit is 80 then moved past a finishing burner 62 to fire polish the newly formed edge wall 24 After leaving the sealing area B, if all of the respective sides of the unit have been sealed, the conveyor carriage 30 and unit 20 are moved 85 to an unloading station, not shown, if not, the unit is again rotated and moved to another sealing sation. It wvill be apparent that while only two sealing stations have been shown, that gener 90 ally there will be as many sealing stations as there are sides of the unit to be sealed For example, if the unit is rectangular, four sealing stations will be provided and the unit will be rotated after each of the respective 95 edges has been sealed to place the remaining aligned unsealed edges of the sheet in position to be sealed In this connection, it will of course be apparent that the hole punching means 71 may be placed at any of the sealing 100 stations, depending on the number of dehydraton or breather holes desired This being the case, generally a fusion burner of the type indicated at 94 will then be placed at the sealing station following the location of the hole 105 punching means. Reviewing now the entire process of this invention by which spaced sheets of glass may have dehydration or breather holes formed in the sealed edge portions during the seal 110 ing of the unit, initially the sheets of glass 21 and 22 are supported in position on the conveyor carriage 30 by means of platens 35 and 36 The conveyor carriage then moves the sheets through the respective seal 115 ing stations A, B, etc, in the furnace to fuse the edge portions together As the sheets move through station A, a pair of aligned edge portions are heated to at least bending temperature by fusion burner 60, after which they are 120 moved into engagement with the forming tool 61: to bring the edges into fusing contact with one another, and thence past the finishing burner 62 to remove any surface irregularities. At this point, after the edge of the unit 125 has been sealed, the arm 80 on the conveyor carriage 30 engages the switch 81 (Fig 6) and actuates the solenoid 79 to cause the punching rod 73 to move upwardly and to pierce )the substantially soft sealed edge portions 24 130 with respect to one another, heating the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets to fuse the said edge portions together to form sealed

edge walls, and forming an opening through one of said edge walls while in a semi-soft 70 condition to provide a means of access to the space between the glass sheets. 2 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as 'claimed in claim 1, wherein the opening is formed by piercing the edge 75 wall while in la semi-soft condition. 3 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein fluid pressure is 'applied to the wall of the opening during the formation of said 80 opening. 4 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the inner edge of said opening is fire polished 85 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, which includes reheating an edge wvall to remove surface irregularities before the opening is formed therein 90 6 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the glass sheets are supported in spaced substantially vertical face-to-face relation 95 7 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in any of claims 1 to 16, wherein 'a heat source is provided and the glass sheets and heat source are moved relative to one another during the fusing of 100 the edge portions of the sheets together. 8 PA method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in claim 7, wherein. the glass sheets are moved continuously relative to the heat source during the fusing of 105 the edge portions thereof together. 9 A method of producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in claims 7 or 8, wherein the glass sheets are sequentially rotated to bring aligned edge portions thereof into 110 sealing position with respect to said heat source. -10 Apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units, comprising means for supporting two sheets of glass in spaced face-to-face 115 relation with respect to one another, means for heating the edge portions of the glass sheets to enable them to be fused together to form a sealed edge wall, 'and means for forming an opening in said edge wall while in a semi 120 soft condition to provide access to the space between the glass sheets. 11 Apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units as claimed in claim 10, wherein the means for forming the opening in the edge 125 wall includes means for piercing said edge wall while lt is in a seni-soft condition. 12 'Apparatus for producing multiple sheet glazing units las claimed in claim 11, wherein fluid pressure means are provided in conjunc 130 as shown in Fig 5 When in the up position, Ithe opening,88 in the rod 73 registers with the passageways 86 and 87 in base 72 and allows air

or gas to flow through the passageways and through the flexible hose 92 to the passageway 76 in the punching rod:73 This fluid under pressure aids in evenly and neatly piercing the sealed edge If desired, the holes may be formed without the use of the air or gas pressures The solenoid '79 is so timed that it is deenergized immediately upon puncturing the sealed edge wall 24 and is immediately returned to the inoperative position by spring 83. Before moving to the sealing area B, the sheets 21 and 22 are rotated 90 by means of crank handle 43 which rotates the shaft 42 and platens 3 '6 and 35 to place another pairof aligned edges of the sheets in position to be sealed As the unsealed pair of edges begin to pass the fusion burner 94, the inside of the dehydration hole 25 is subjected to a fire polishing effect by flames 9 '6 emanating from the central row of angularly disposed nozzles 95 After passing the fusion burner head 94, the edges of the sheets 'are brought into fusing contact with one another by another forming tool 61, and then polished by a finishing burner 62 In this manner, the sheets are sealed around their entire peripheries as they are moved through a plurality of sealing areas of the type indicated by the letters A and B, respectively, and any number of dehydration or breather holes may be formed in the sealed edges as described above. By forming the dehydration or breather holes in the sealed side wall of the glazing unit substantial advantages are obtained For example, formation of the holes during the fabrication of the units eliminates the necessity and cost of drilling such holes in the glass sheets before they are sealed together. Moreover, losses in breakage caused by defectively drilled holes, or by breakage caused by thermal shock when the edges of the sheets are initially heated during the sealing process is eliminated Additionally, the placing of ithe dehydration hole in the side or edge wall portions has the further advantage of placing the seal for the hole which may be formed of a suitable metal or mastic in a position where it is less likely to be broken during installation and subsequent cleaning of the window. While the invention has been described in connection with the fabrication of multiple sheet glazing units with the spaced glass sheets being supported in a vertical position, it will of course be evident that it is also applicable to the fabrication of such units where the sheets are supported in a horizontal or other position.

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