香港六合彩
DESCRIPTION
彩话一出口立马觉得不对,又一次面红耳赤不说话了. 我乐了,说:玉儿,来,让我亲一下. 香港六合彩冷冷地说不行.于是我又蔫了. 3.不管怎么说,我的病院生活变得快乐起来,洞人们没事儿就来我这里打牌,甚至芯儿带着我班一帮娘子军们也隔三岔五地来找乐子,说是想参观一下我两腿间受的伤! 最重要的是赵玉每天下午下课后都会过来,并且每天晚上都不愿意离开,洞人们劝香港六合彩说怎么可能每天晚上都不睡觉呢?新婚燕尔也不能如此通宵达旦无日无夜地玩儿呀!?不过赵玉持意要留下来,TRANSCRIPT
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This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of CaliforniaLawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-0808
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A Tour of Roundup
Paul F. Dubois
AX-Division
Contributing Editor, IEEE Computing in Science and Engineering
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This talk is in increasing order of geekiness.
1.What is Roundup, and why is it useful?
2.A demo
3.Some technical / managerial details and suggestions
4.Special guest appearance: real geeks from NIF
“Wait for it” – Radar O’Reilly
If your question is more geeky than my current level, wait and see.
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Roundup is a versatile issue tracker.
“Issues” may represent:
• Bug reports,
• Wishes and features,
• FAQs,
• Reports,
• Handy files / examples,
• Notices to users or project members.
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Issues have many parts.
An issue
• Is classified by a priority,
• Annotated by a status and keywords,
• Can be assigned to someone,
• Can have attached files,
• Has an email mini-list of “nosy” people.
• Has a time-stamped audit trail.
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Users submit issues and follow ups by web or email.
• Users can send mail about issues to a support address, or reply to mail received from the tracker.
• Users can log on to the website to see / search / modify issues.
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Users manage their own details.
• Using the tracker, a user can change their password, email, phone number, name, etc.
• Registration can have email confirmation.
• Anonymous bug reports can be allowed, or not. Not.
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Choose your attitude toward the unwashed public.
• Allow anonymous users, or not, or with restrictions.
• Give different users different abilities.
• Show users with different privileges different views of the data.
Even public sites like Python’s tracker have found that anonymous bug reports are a bad idea.
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Nosy lists are Roundup’s big advantage.
• New comments about an issue generate mail to the issue’s “nosy list”.
• These custom mini-lists balance the amount of email each person gets.
• Artificial ‘mail list’ users can be added.
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The nosy lists are user managed.
• Starts with the issue’s author and anyone he adds.
• Those who comment on the issue are added.
• Anyone who gets “nosy” can add themselves.
• Anyone disinterested can remove themselves.
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You can email new issues to a “triage team”.
• This ensures that every new issue is seen by someone.
• The small reactor for this is in the customization manual, but just ask me and I’ll mail you mine.
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Roundup is easy to install and use.
• Download / install Python
• Download Roundup and install runtime. No compiling required, it is in pure Python.
• Any platform
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A tracker is created in two steps.
1. Creation: roundup-admin init• This populates the tracker with database and html templates.• Edit the configuration file to state your url and email, choose
some options.
2. Initialize: roundup-admin initialise.• Note the s, it is Australian• Edit and install server-ctl script.• Set up desired email gateway.
Execute server-ctl start
• Set up “keep-alive” cron job: server-ctl condstart
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You have choices*.
• A tracker has:– A database* (change what kind of db)– A database schema* (add more fields)– A set of html templates* (look and feel)– Detectors* (audit/react)– Extensions* (new, I don’t know them)
• All defaults are reasonable, but within very wide limits you can change almost everything.
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One server can manage many trackers.
• An organization can run one server that serves several different trackers.
• This makes the most sense if the different projects can agree on most customizations so that a base customization is then branched to the separate projects.
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You can add Python scripts that screen and react to changes.
• “Detectors” come in two flavors:
– Auditor: called when something is about to change, and gives you a chance to veto or modify it.
– Reactor: called after something has changed, gives you a chance to do something in response.
• The “nosy reactor” handles the nosy email, for example.
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Here are some of our customizations.
• Project name in corner of each page.
• Restricting assignment of issues to developers not users.
• Adding due dates for issues.
• Added priorities for FAQ, Notices.
• Special treatment of status reports.
• Customized (remembered) searches.
• Link to “news” synchronized with source control.
• Link to project documentation.
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We use our tracker for more than bugs and wishes.
• FAQ– An issue when it is closed can often become an FAQ. We just give the issues priority and status of “faq”.
• Status reports– Status reports have a keyword “Status Report” and their nosy lists don’t email.
– Each contributes their report to the current “issue”
– Instant archive of progress reports.
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Non-bug issues include features and wishes.
• Features
– Explanations of “how it is”, arguments about how it should be.
• Wishes
– User / developer requests for enhancement
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We have additional scripts that run periodically to enhance Roundup.
1. Email users a list of open issues assigned to them.
2. Email users a list of unassigned bugs.
3. Transfer comments made in source code submissions to the Roundup issues they pertain to, and close those issues if desired.
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A link to “project news” on the first page shows you our main-line news directory in the project source.
• HTML link from main page to a “news” subdirectory.
• The news subdirectory is updated periodically with the source control system’s “sync” to copy the “main/news” directory from source control.
• This news directory has documentation of the latest changes submitted by the author along with their source changes.
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Demo
• This is the demo that comes with Roundup. After installing Roundup, run it to be sure your installation works.
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The email sent can be replied to, and has a link to the issue.
From: "Michael R. Zika Kull Tracker" <[email protected]>To: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]: [issue925] Can we stop the code based on some conditional?Date: 26 Jul 2006 20:53:00 +0000
Michael R. Zika <[email protected]> added the comment:
<snip> contents omitted
_________________________________________Kull Issue Tracker <[email protected]><https://bugzi.llnl.gov/kull/issue925>
Support address
Link to issue
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There are 3 ways to deploy the server.
• Stand-alone server on a blocked port, with proxy-pass from (possibly secure) web server. (See next slide)
• Stand-alone server on a public port.
• As a CGI in the web server.
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I like putting Roundup “behind” the web server.
1) User logs into https://myplace.llnl.gov/mytracker
2) Web server is configured with “proxy pass” to redirect this traffic tohttp://myplace.llnl.gov:8070/mytracker
3) Roundup server runs on blocked port 8070.
Root must configure the web server by adding two lines; everything else can be done as a “normal” user.
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An artificial user that owns roundup is a good idea.
• User “roundup” runs the server.
• Maintainers login as themselves, then sudo su roundup to “become” this user. This is thus a shared account without a shared password.
• User “roundup” runs the cron jobs for server-keep-alive, mail gateway, etc.
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There are two¹ ways to configure the email access.
• Get ‘[email protected]’ POP account.– Run roundup-mailgw every few minutes using a cron job to fetch mail from mail.llnl.gov.
• Use a mail alias on server’s machine that pipes mail into roundup-mailgw. – For classified servers, use this one. User “mail” and user “roundup” must be in a group.
¹I lied, there is a third way I can’t explain.
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Manage customizations with your source-control system.
• Main line: Roundup as shipped
• Branch to: Ours
• Modify Ours as desired and install tracker.
• When a new version of Roundup arrives, install it as changes to main line, then integrate main to “Ours”.
– Use merge tools to resolve conflicts
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The effort is proportional to the amount of customization.
• No backup needed except as normally done on the machine.
• Moving to a new machine is a small effort.
• The database can export / import csv files.
• Users do not seem to need much if any training.
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Customizing is probably a 200-level job.
• HTML -> TAL -> METAL languages just for the html area.
• Understanding of database basics.
• Python for the detectors.
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We love Roundup.
• Just the right amount of communication.
• For many developers, Roundup is their todo list.
• We think the email interface / nosy lists are the key. The first page displays the bug list without further action.
• History is captured, everything is searchable.