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Seizo ONOE CTO and EVP
NTT DOCOMO, INC.
The Brooklyn 5G Summit IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) 2015, Mar. 9-12, New Orleans
5G and Beyond
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion
LTE update
History and Future
5G Discussions
5G Technology
IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) 2015, Mar. 9-12, New Orleans
Extra topics
LTE update
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Extra topics
LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
0
100
200
300
2004 2003 2002 2001 2005 2006 2007
2012 2011 2010 2009 2013 2014 2015
Numbers of Operators N
um
ber
of
op
era
tors
3G:W-CDMA
LTE
March 11, 2015 Seizo ONOE 4
5
Up approx. 50%
対応 8機種
約130万台
の普及も拡大
LTE Subscriptions
Topped 28 million
Combined sales of 13 VoLTE-enabled
models:
Approx. 3.3 million
Uptake of also expanding
◆ Numbers in the graph above represent the user count at the end of each quarter. ◆ Sales data of VoLTE-enabled models represent the units sold as of Jan. 25, 2015
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
2.1GHz Band (band1)
800MHz (band19)
1.7GHz (band9 band3)
700MHz (band 28)
1.5GHz Band
(band21)
CY 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
3.4GHz Band
(band42)
Spectrum LTE (DOCOMO)
6 Seizo ONOE
Today
LTE(5-15MHz×2) LTE(15MHz×2)
3G LTE(5-10MHz×2) Expand bandwidth in accordance with the spread of LTE UEs
3G
3G LTE(20MHz×2)
TD-LTE(40MHz×1 )
March 11, 2015
History and Future
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Extra topics
LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
History from 1G to 4G
March 11, 2015 8 Seizo ONOE
2000s
2000 2005 2010
LTE/LTE-Advanced
4G OFDMA/SCFDMA 100M-1Gbps Experiments
Super3G Concept
3G
1980 1985 1990
1G Analogue Cellular
TDMA Concept
GSM/ PDC/ TDMA
2G Paper by Dr. Kinoshita ICC’81 and IEEE Trans. VT, 1982
1980s
2010s
2010 2015 2020
Now what? 4G 5G
1990s
1990
2G
1995 2000
WCDMA 2Mbps Experiments
3G WCDMA/ CDMA2000
Details
10Gbps Experiments at 11GHz
and the Next Chronological table
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
History of 4G Research at DOCOMO
March 11, 2015 9 Seizo ONOE
100Mbps in 2002-2003
1Gbps in 2004-2005
5Gbps in 2006
Background: 4G research outcome of over 1Gbps data transmission
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
3G Subscriber Growth
March 11, 2015 10 Seizo ONOE
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
(百万)
10 1 4 7 10 1 4 7 10 1 4 7 10 1 4 7 10 1
million
2001 2002 2003 2005 2004 2006
Nu
mb
er
of su
bscri
be
r
On the other hand, 3G services had not been well accepted by the market.
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
Super3G concept
March 11, 2015 11 Seizo ONOE
March 28, 2008 DoCoMo / Seizo ONOE 28Copyright© 2008 NTT DoCoMo, Inc. All rights reserved26th May 2004, ICB3G
migration to migration to 44GGNOW
3G Evolution
4G Launch
3G
(2010s)
3G
3G
4G 4G
3G
3G4G
3G
4G
3G 3G3G
4GSuper3G Super 3G4G
Super 3G
Scenario 2:
Maximize existing
3G NW assets in
building 4G
Scenario 3:
First evolve 3G, then
build 4G on top
Scenario 1:
Independent 4G
system
26th May 2004, ICB3G
Ideas on migration to 4G (3)Ideas on migration to 4G (3)
NOW 4G Evolution4G Launch
Scenario 3 : First evolve 3G, then build 4G on top
→ Extensibility is greater than Scenario2
→Cost is lower than Scenario1
(Innovative 4G evolution possible)
3G Evolution
3G 3G3G
4GSuper3G Super3G
4G
Super3G
※Super3G : The name of Enhanced3G called in DoCoMo
(2010s)
26th May 2004, ICB3G
Smooth path to the next generation was essential.
⇒In, 2004, DoCoMo proposed Super3G concept
for the smooth path to 4G.
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
Original Aims of Super3G
Basic concept (Original aims)
Long term evolution of 3G
Evolve 3G technologies by
maintaining competitiveness
Provide a smooth
introduction path to 4G
Background
At the start of standardization
in 2004, interest in 4G was low
In 2008, for the proposal to
ITU-R IMT-Advanced, it was
clearly indicated that LTE
Advanced should be an
evolution of LTE
March 11, 2015 12 Seizo ONOE
2000 2005 2010 2015
Start in
DoCoMo
Start in
World market
Wide spread in
HSDPA
R99
4G
HSUPA
Super 3G S3G 3G Spectrum
4G Spectrum
スムースな4G導入
R99
HSDPA
HSUPA
4G
3Gの長期的エボリューション
_競争力維持
Smooth
introduction of 4G
Long term evolution of 3G
System performance
2000 2010
4G
Super3G
HSUPA
HSDPA
WCDMA Release99
• LTE provides a smooth evolution
path to 4G (LTE-Advanced)
LTE
LTE-A
• LTE provides a smooth evolution
path to 4G (LTE-Advanced)
People were not so interested in “4G” at the
early stage of standardization, in 2004.
3GPP document contributed by DOCOMO and 25 co-sources
TSG-RAN Meeting #26 RP-040461 Athens, Greece, 8-10, December, 2004 Agenda Item:8.12 Source: NTT DoCoMo, Alcatel, Cingular Wireless, CMCC, Ericsson, Fujitsu, Huawei, LG Electronics, Lucent Technologies, Mitsubishi Electric, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Nortel Networks, Orange, Panasonic, Philips, Qualcomm Europe, Samsung, Sharp, Siemens, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, TeliaSonera, T-Mobile, Vodafone Title: Proposed Study Item on Evolved UTRA and UTRAN Document for:Discussion and approval In the RAN Future Evolution Workshop, many of the presentations pointed out the need of 3G long-term evolution to meet the future demand and to maintain its competitive position for coming decades. Several interesting new technology components such as OFDM with a flexible and broader RF bandwidth were presented as potential candidates for the evolution. It was pointed out such a technology enhancement should be applied to UTRAN architecture as well as the UTRA radio interface. It is proposed that 3GPP should initiate the feasibility study of the long-term evolution accounting for the above situation. In this paper, a Study Item Description is presented for this study. Concerning the time plan, we propose to complete the feasibility study by June 2006 and envisage all relevant core specifications by June 2007.
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
History from 1G to 4G
March 11, 2015 14 Seizo ONOE
Details and the Next
2000s
2000 2005 2010
LTE/LTE-Advanced
4G OFDMA/SCFDMA 100M-1Gbps Experiments
Super3G Concept
3G
1980 1985 1990
1G Analogue Cellular
TDMA Concept
GSM/ PDC/ TDMA
2G
Paper by Dr. Kinoshita ICC’81 and IEEE Trans. VT, 1982
1980s
2010s
2010 2015 2020
Now what? 4G 5G
1990s
1990
2G
1995 2000
WCDMA 2Mbps Experiments
3G
WCDMA/ CDMA2000
10Gbps Experiments at 11GHz
Chronological table
2020s
2020 2025 2030
5G
2030 2035 2040
7G 6G
5G
OFDMA
TDMA
WCDMA
No contents No technology
4G
3G
2G
It’s a marketing gimmick after
3G, while technologies were
there before 5G
No single representative technology, but
there are several candidate technologies
and the combinations of technologies create new
technologies and solutions.
5G Technology
No Tech
Boom: 5G is hype?
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
5G Discussions
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Extra topics
LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
Global 5G Activities
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
Global 5G Activities
Discussions on 5G become active worldwide.
Future IMT Vision in ITU-R WP5D
Vision2020/ Network2020
National/regional projects on 5G
Special sessions on 5G in international conferences
Global initiative to define operator requirements on “5G”
2020 and Beyond AH
5G Project
March 11, 2015 Seizo ONOE 17
Requirements
What is 5G?
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
Requirements
Higher data rate
Lower Latency
Massive
connectivity
Extremely low
power consumption 15 years battery life
Higher capacity
Traditional and Eternal requirements
Use cases
Lower cost
New requirements
Energy saving
4G, 5G-
1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G-
5G-
Flexibility for
Business models
and Ecosystem
for Internet of Things
2G, 3G, 4G, 5G-
What is 5G?
Technology Aspect
Ecosystem, Customer and Business Aspect
e.g. NGMN Vision
5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile
and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing
and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent experience, and enabled
by sustainable business models.”
5G is a new Radio Technology
and/or Evolution of 4G LTE.
It includes Network Architecture
and Core Network Technology.
Other
Industry
Sectors
Other
Industry
Sectors
Time Plan
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
4G LTE
Evolution of Mobile Technology
2020 2025 2030
2010 2015 2020
LTE-Advanced LTE 4G
5G+ 5G
•+New bands licensed after
2020 Massive-MIMO, ・・・
•Existing frequency bands
•New bands licensed by 2019
•Unlicensed bands FD-MIMO, NOMA, Lean Carrier Design.
New Numerology
mmW
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
Technology Coverage
for
Use Cases and
Frequency Bands
8K
Low-power
High
performance
8K
Low
-pow
er
Hig
h
perfo
rmance
5G utilizes wide range of frequency bands and their combinations with interworks
5G
co
vers
wid
e v
arie
ty o
f u
se c
ase
s
Different technologies may be used for different use cases and different frequency bands.
Tech. 1
Tech. 4
Tech. 5 Tech.
7
Tech. 2
Tech. 3
Tech. 6
5G A single technology, which is consisted of multiple components with consistent design basis,
is used for whole range.
Tech. 7
Tech. 3
Tech. 4
A major technology and complementary technologies
are used.
A single technology, which is consisted of multiple components with consistent design basis,
is used for whole range. 5G
Existing spectrum New spectrum
Frequency
3-10GHz 10-30GHz > 30GHz
Building up a sense
of presence
You feel as if you
were actually there
Technology
Convergence or Divergence
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s
PDC
GSM
IS-95
IS-136
NTT
AMPS
NMT
C-Netz
RC-2000
WCDMA
CDMA 2000
LTE/
LTE-A
PHS
WiMAX
TACS 5G
Wireless MAN
Wireless WAN
Cellular System 6G
IrDA Bluetooth
UWB
Z-Wave ZigBee
Wireless LAN
Wireless PAN
Trunked radio system TETRA
802.11b/a
iDEN
WiFi 802.11n 802.11ax
Near field communication Felica NFC
WiGig WirelessHD
Intelligent Transport Systems
PAL
NTSC
SECAM
DVB/T
ATSC
ISDB-T
802.11ac
DVB/H
T-DMB
1Seg ISDB-Tmm
MediaFLO
802.11p
Broadcast
Low Power Wide Area SigFox
Neul
6G
WMAN
6G
TRS
6G
ITS 6G
WLAN
6G
WPAN
WPAN
WPAN
WPAN
NFC-A NFC-B
NFC-C
Mobile TV1
Mobile TV2
LPWA LPWA LPWA
Technology convergence is ideal, but divergence is likely to happen.
5G R&D Activities
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
5G Real-Time Simulator
March 2, 2015
3-6GHz 6-30GHz > 30GHz Ex. 800MHz, 2GHz
NEW NEW
Frequency
5G Technology
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Extra topics
LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
Evolution paths to 5G P
erf
orm
ance
5G
March 11, 2015 Seizo ONOE 32
Rel-10/11
Rel-8/9
LTE
Rel-12/13
Potential
New Technology
Rel-14/15,…
Further LTE
enhancements
LTE-Advanced Backward compatible enhancements
Big gain
2015 2020 Year 2010
Macro-assisted small cell enhancement
(Phantom cell)
1000x Data, true?
Technology Massive MIMO Phantom cell (Macro/Small-cell) NOMA (Non-orthogonal Multiple Access)
Combinations of Technologies
• Massive MIMO + Macro/Small-cell
• New Numerology/Lean Carrier Design (New spectrum/ Higher Spectrum)
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
“蛮力” Future Technology
March 11, 2015 33 Seizo ONOE
This is old technology and may become buzzword.
“力業”
Advanced C-RAN
LTE-Advanced key features
Carrier aggregation
HetNet/ Small cell
The combination of Carrier Aggregation and Small Cells with C-RAN will create new excellent features.
This is not so smart technology. “Brute force”
蛮力
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
Advanced C-RAN Concept
Core Network
EPC
RRE
eNodeB
LTE-A
LTE-A
Macro cells
Small cells
RRE
CA CA
BBU BBU BBU
RRE RRE
RRE RRE
RRE
• To achieve high-speed and high-capacity
• To maintain connectivity via macro cell
• Easy deployment even with higher frequency
• Less signaling to core-network by reducing handover processing
Carrier-Aggregation between Macro-cell and Small-cell, with C-RAN
e.g. 3.5GHz LTE-A
LTE-A e.g. 2.1GHz
Macro cell
Small cell (Add-on cell)
March 11, 2015 Seizo ONOE 34
5G provides Higher data speed and Higher capacity.
Broader spectrum bandwidth
Higher frequency spectrum
Larger propagation loss
Shorter coverage
5G is a Hotspot system for complementary use.
Existing spectrum New spectrum
Frequency
e.g. 3-10GHz e.g. 10-30GHz e.g. > 30GHz
A wrong story I don’t like
Let’s tackle the challenge of achieving wide coverage
as cellular systems even with higher spectrum.
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved
Massive MIMO and Macro/Small-cell
March 11, 2015 36 Seizo ONOE
Small cell
Massive MIMO
? is about increasing the number of antennas.
Macro cell Adaptive Array Systems had a problem in coverage for common channels.
The combination of
Massive MIMO and
Macro-assisted small cell will provide
adequate cell coverage even with higher frequency bands.
“an excellent feature”
蛮力
NOMA
The implementation technology is key.
力業“Brute force”
“Feat of strength”
Massive-MIMO and Macro/Small-cell
Small Cell
Small Cell
Small Cell
Small Cell
User data
Macro Cell
Control and
User data
NOMA
Conclusion
The Brooklyn 5G Summit
Extra topics
LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion
LTE is successful in global deployment.
History has learning to the future.
No single 5G technology today, but the combinations of technologies create new technologies and solutions. Let’s achieve wide cell coverage as cellular evolution even with higher spectrum.
5G is the technology for 2020 and beyond.
5G covers wide variety of use cases.
5G utilizes wide range of frequency
bands with consistent design basis.
Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved March 11, 2015 40 Seizo ONOE