6. students study diligently during the last week of classes...

EX ERCISE AN SWER KEY EX–29

6. students study diligently during the last week of classes SometimesNP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVPpresent + study

7. people consider Ophelia the prettier sister GenerallyNP MVP NP NP ADVPpresent + consider

CHAPTER 7 – FIVE BASIC SENTENCE TYPES

Exercise 7.1

This is a good exercise for class discussion. You might have students collect answers and categorizethem into groups. We suggest below the alternatives we have thought of. If two phrases appear on oneline, both seem to us to be required.

Exercise 7.2

Doing this exe rcise in class provides an opport u n i ty to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern .

1. Subject PredicateJack stands on that corner every morningNP MVP ADVP ADVPType 1

2. Subject PredicateJennifer is polite to old people alwaysNP MVP ADJP ADVP ADVPNot Type 1

1. angry (ADJP)a liar (NP)at school (ADVP)

2. forcefully (ADVP)a bystander (NP)

3. happy (ADJP)a nuisance (NP)at home (ADVP)

4. the consequences (NP)football (NP) exciting (ADJP)football (NP) good exercise (NP)

5. the golfers (NP)

6. No complement required.

7. salty (ADJP)

8. cereal (NP)

9. the street (NP)carefully (ADVP)

10. beautiful (ADJP)to the future (ADVP)

EX–30 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY

3. Subject PredicateThe children baked a cake for their grandfather’s birthdayNP MVP NP ADVPNot Type 1

4. Subject Predicatea swallow built its nest under my roof Last springNP MVP NP ADVP ADVPNot Type 1

5. Subject PredicateInexperienced campers have drowned in that shallow lakeNP MVP ADVPType 1

6. Subject PredicateJill waited anxiously for her children During the stormNP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVPType 1

7. Subject PredicateThe explosion released deadly gas into the atmosphereNP MVP NP ADVPNot Type 1

Exercise 7.3

1. 2.

EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–31

3. 4.

Exercise 7.4

1

2.

3.


4.

Exercise 7.5

1. well (Type I, adverbial modifier)2. jealous (Type III, adjectival complement)3. delicious (Type III, adjectival complement)4. quietly (Type I, adverbial modifier)5. terrible (Type III, adjectival complement)

Exercise 7.6

1.

2.

4.


4.

Exercise 7.7

1. The frog [NP1] became [MVP] a prince [NP1] before the astonished audience [ADVP].

2. My great grandmother [NP1] gave [MVP] my aunt [NP2]a beautiful coral ring [NP3].

3 . A hike into the hills [N P1] seemed [M V P] the perfect exe rcise [N P1] after our hearty lunch [A DV P] .

4. The Mona Lisa [NP1] is [MVP] Leonardo's most famous work [NP1] probably [ADVP].

5 . The tra velers [N P1] requested [M V P] a com f o rtable bed [N P2] a fter their long day of driving [A DV P] .

Exercise 7.8

1.

2.

3.

EX–34 EX ERCISE ANSW ER KEY

4.

Exercise 7.9

Doing this exe rcise in class provides an opport u n i ty to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern .

1. Subject PredicateThis software was the best accounting program at one timeNP MVP NP ADVPSIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime)

2. Subject PredicateThat paint looks too dark for this roomNP MVP ADJPSIII = NP + MV link + ADJP

3. Subject PredicateThe highway turns along the river towards the coastNP MVP ADVP ADVPSI = NP + MV int + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace)

4. Subject PredicateThe fruit trees lay dormant all winterNP MVP ADJP ADVPSIII = NP + MV link + ADJP + (ADVPtime)

5. Subject PredicateA Nile River Cruise has been James's dream for the past ten yearsNP MVP NP ADVPSIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime)

Exercise 7.10

1. Type I verbs can stand alone without any complement.

2. Outdoors is a complement required by the verb in (b); it is an optional modifier in (e).

3. Type III complements are adjectival; Type V complements are nominal.

4. In (d), the second noun phrase (a family member) refers to the subject (cat), but in (e), the secondnoun phrase (a cat) does not refer to the subject.

5. The presence of a second noun phrase that names something new distinguishes Type V sentences.


Exercise 7.11

Direct objects are in parentheses.

1. Subject PredicateThe jeweler repaired (our ring)NP MVP NPSV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2

2. Subject PredicateBob became a model for his teammatesNP MVP NP ADVPSIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + ADVP

3. Subject PredicateOur first glimpse of the sea was a breath taking viewNP MVP NPSIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1

4. Subject PredicateThe innkeeper suggested (a nearby Italian restaurant )NP MVP NPSV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2

5. Subject PredicateA cleaning service seems a frivolous expense nowadaysNP MVP NP ADVPSIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + ADVP

Exercise 7.12

1.

2.


3.

4.

5.

Exercise 7.13

This exercise works best as part of class discussion. Examples are suggested here for comparison withstudents’ answers.

1. useful (ADJP)a challenge (NP)

2. foolish (ADJP)a fool (NP)

3. hot (ADJP)

4. man of the year (NP)

5. comfortable (ADJP)a showplace (NP)


Exercise 7.14

1. Type V – hot [adjectival object complement]2. Type V – queen [nominal object complement]3. Type V – too delicious for words [adjectival object complement]4. Type I – No object complement.5. Type V – company attorney [nominal object complement]6. Type V – smarter than Marylou [adjectival object complement]

Exercise 7.15

1. The magnificent twenty-five-pound Thanksgiving Turkey that Ina had roasted with loving careNP

slipped from the meat platter onto the floorMVP ADVP ADVP

before all the assembled guests.ADVP

SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace)

2. Lights from the country inn, almost hidden in a grove of trees,NP

welcomed the weary travelers, who hoped to spend the night there.MVP NP

SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2

3. The old oak tree with an enormous lightning scar running down its northern sideNP

appears healthier than many of the unscarred trees in the same area.MVP ADJP

SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP

4. Mary’s math professor, who had refused to offer a make-up of the mid-term exam,NP

relented finally when half the school came down with bronchitis.MVP ADVP ADVP

SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPtm) + (ADVPtm)

5. Many of this country’s poorest immigrants have becomeNP MVP

extremely successful citizens whose contributions to the nation have benefitted us all.NP

SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1

EX–38 EX ERCISE A NSW ER KEY

Exercise 7.16

Here are two examples of how students might investigate the possible uses of each verb.

grow

I The child grew.II –III The child grew strong.I V *The child grew a man. (Gro w ca n’t replace become in Type IV sentences like The child became a man. )V The child grew marigolds.

read

I That romantic novel reads quickly. (But in prototypical Type I sentences, adverbial modifiers areoptional. Quickly doesn’t seem to be optional: ?That romantic novel reads.)

Bill reads incessantly. (Although incessantly does seem to be optional, the meaning of read seems torequire the presence of at least an understood object: one can’t read without something to read. Inthis use, read is one of the pseudo-intransitives discussed earlier.)

II –III *Bill reads happy/strong/tall.IV *Bill [NP1] read a successful investor [NP1].V Bill reads mystery novels.

Review Exercise

Subject Complement1. Sampson — became — [rather bratty] — yesterday.

SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP + (ADVP tm)


2. The foreign students — leave — tomorrow.SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPtm)

3. His tools — are — in the old shack.SII = NP + MVbe + ADVPpl

Direct Object4. The assigned reading — fostered — [many interesting questions].


5. Our best bowl — is — on the top shelf.SII = NP + MVbe + ADVPpl


6. Her father — talks — incessantly.SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPman)

Subject Complement7. Jill — remained — [a desk clerk].

SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1

Direct Object8. This old house — needs — [a new paint job].


6. students study diligently during the last week of classes...

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