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Module 6 – Power budget

ObjectivesAfter this module the participant shall be able to:-

•alculate power budget for selected base

station con!guration

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Module ontents

• !ntroduction

• Power budget calculation

• Power budget balance

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"ntroduction

• #$$ %& uplin' lin' budget – %P%& and %P& are included – (plin' )b*+o !gures include the overhead generated b, the

%P&

• &%PA uplin' lin' budget – %P%&. %P& and &-%P& are included – omposite )b*+o !gure is derived b, adding the pea' &-

%P& overhead to the #$$ %& )b*+o /this overhead oftenappears in the transmitter section of the lin' budget0

• &(PA uplin' lin' budget – )-%P%&. )-%P&. %P&. %P%& and &-%P& toconsider

– +ew set of )b*+o !gures generated from lin' levelsimulations which include the )-%P%&. )-%P& and %P&

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Power budget

• 1he target of the power budgetcalculation is to estimate the ma2imumallowed path loss on radio path from

transmit antenna to receive antenna – 1he minimum Eb*N0 /and 3)#*34)#0re5uirement is achieved with the ma2imumallowed path loss and transmit power both in(4 %4

• 1he ma2imum path loss can be used tocalculatecell range R

Lpmax_DLLpmax_

UL

R

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Module ontents

• "ntroduction

• Po,er &udget calculation – R00 po,er &udget

– &%PA power budget

– &(PA power budget


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Power budget alculations• 1he calculation is done for each

service /bit rate0 separatel,• 1he power budget can be used the

estimate lin' balance /(4 vs7 %40

– 4imiting direction in de!nedconditions

Link budget

Chip rate 3840.00 DL data rate 12.20

UL Data rate 12.20 DL load 80%

UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS

Thermal Noise Densit dBm/Hz !1"4.0 !1"4.0

#e$eier Noise &i'(re dB 3.0 8.0

#e$eier Noise Densit dBm/Hz !1"1.0 !1)).0

Noise *o+er at re$eier ,No- dBm -1051 -1001

#e'(ired /No dB 4.4 ".

ot handoer DC 'ain dB 0.0 1.0*ro$essin' 'ain dB 25.0 25.0

6ntereren$e mar'in dB 3.0 ".0

#e7(ired /$6o at re$eier dB -1!" -111

#e$eier ensitiit dBm -1##! -111#

Cale loss dB 3.0 0.0

eneit o (sin' 9: dB 3.0 na

od loss dB na 3.0

:ntenna 'ain #; dBi 18.0 0.0

ot handoer 'ain dB 2.0 2.0

&ast adin' mar'in dB 0.0 0.0

6sotropi$ po+er dBm -1$#! -110#

%R&NSMI%%ING END MS BS

*o+er per $onne$tion dBm 21.0 34.4


od loss dB 3.0 na

:ntenna 'ain T; dBi 0.0 18.0

*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($

6sotropi$ path loss dB 1"0! 15(" DL Limited=

8oice 9:7: 'bit*s. ; 'm*h. Macro8oice 9:7: 'bit*s. ; 'm*h. Macro8oice 9:7: 'bit*s. ; 'm*h. Macro8oice 9:7: 'bit*s. ; 'm*h. Macro

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



?• should be at least ;>? to avoid e2 cell breathing• t,picall, higher in %4 than in (4

Ma2imum 4oad needs to be de!n

for %imensioning:• should not e2ceed =>?• should be at least ;>? to avoid e2 cell breathing• t,picall, higher in %4 than in (4

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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#e5uired Eb*N0

•

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oft &andover M% Lain –(4

• Macro %iversit, ombining /M%0 gain gives the)b*+> improvement in soft handover situationcompared to single lin' connection

• "n (4 the M% gain is > d3

– igni!cant amount of diversit, alread, e2ist• -port (4 antenna diversit,. multipath diversit, /#a'e0 – 1he graph includes both ofter and oft &andover

/however it is not possible to see those gainsseparatel,0

• oft &andover combining is done at #+ level b, using

just selection combining /based on frame selection0• ofter &andover combining is done at the 31 b, using

ma2imal ratio combining

– "n case of more than connections - no more gain/compared to case of two branches0

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oft &andover M% Lain –(4

12 power. uplin'

!0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 5 10

%ierence between the &O lin's /d30

- & O M

%

g a i n / d 3 0

M speed ;'m*h

M speed >'m*h

M speed K>'m*h

M speed 9>'m*h

oft &Oombining/including softercombining gain for theother branch0

ofter &Oombining

%,namic imulator#esult for branches

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oft &andover M% Lain –%4

• "n %4 there is some combining gain /about 9d30 due to ()ma2imal ratio combining – soft and softer handovers included

• from M point there is no dierence between soft and softer handover

– average is calculated over all the connections ta'ing intoaccount the average dierence of the received signalbranches /and () speed0

• I>? of the connections in soft handover or in softer handover and6>? no soft handover

• ta'ing into account the eect multiple transmitters• combination of d,namic simulator results and static planning tool

– in case more than connections - no more gain /compared to

case of two branches0• "n edge of the cell a ; – I d3 M% gain can be seen onre5uired %4 Eb*N0 in &O situations compared to single lin'reception – ombination of – ; signals

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oft &andover M% Lain –%4

M speed ;'m*h

M speed >'m*h

M speed K>'m*h

M speed 9>'m*h

%,namic imulator

#esult for branches 1otal %4 12 power of all branches

!4

!3

!2

!1

0

1

2

0 5 10

%ierence between the &O lin's /d30

- & O M

%

g a i n / d 3 >

oft &O

ofter &O

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"nterference Margin• "nterference margin is calculated from the (4*%4 loading /η0 values

– Erom set ma2imum planned load• Nsensitivit,N is decreased due to the networ' load /subscribers in the

networ'0 in (4 indicates the loss in Power budget due to load7

( ) [ ]dB Log η −⋅− 110 10"Margin G

20

10

)

1.25

3

25% 50% "5% %

6ar'in ,d8

Load a$tor η

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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able loss

• able loss is the sum ofall signal losses caused

b, the antenna lineoutside the base

station cabinet

– umper losses

– Eeeder cable loss

– M&A insertion loss in %4when M&A is used

• 1,pical >7K d3

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3ene!t of using M&A

• M&A can be used to improve the base station s,stem noise !gurein (4

• 1he bene!t achieved b, using M&A e5uals to the noise !gureimprovement

• 1he bene(t o$ sin )*+ depends on the cable loss. for e2ample

–

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



d3. because in this case the

() is normall, not close to the bod,7oft handover gain

East fading margin

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oft &andover Lain/Lain Against low Eading0

• oft handover gain is the gain against shadow fading7 1his is roughl, the gain of a handover algorithm. inwhich the best 31 can alwa,s be chosen /based onminimal transmission power of M0 against a hardhandover algorithm based on geometrical distance7

– "n realit, the &O gain is a function of re5uired coverageprobabilit, and the standard deviation of the signal forthe environment7

– 1he gain is also dependent on whether the user isoutdoors. where the li'elihood of multiple servers ishigh. or indoors where the radio channel tends to be

dominated b, a much smaller number of serving cells7• Eor indoors users the recommendation is to use smaller &Ogain value

– oft handover gain can be understood also as reductionof low Eading Margin /ee ell range estimation0

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oft &andover Lain/Lain Against low Eading0

RNC

1,pical average value of the oft &andover Lain isbetween and ; d3

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East fading margin• East fading margin is used as a correction factor for Eb*N0 at the

cell edge. when the used Eb*N0 is de!ned with fast power control – At the cell edge the () does not have enough power to follow the

fast fading dips

• "n %4 fast fading margin is not usuall, applied due to lowerpower control d,namic range

East fading margin G /average received Eb*N00 without fast P - /averagereceived Eb*N00 with fast P

ource: #adio +etwor' Planning Optimisation for (M1F 7 4aiho. A7

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East fading margin

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 410

15

20

25

d B

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-10

0

10

20

d B m

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 45

10

15

d

B

Seconds

Mobile transmissionpower starts hittingits maximum value

E b / N 0 targetincreases fast

Received qualitydegrades, more

frame errors

M moving towards the cell edge

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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Power per connection /%40• 1he ma2imum downlin' transmit power for each connection is de!ned b,

the #+ admission control functionalit, – 8endor speci!c

• "n +o'ia #A+ the ma2imum %4 power depends on – onnection bit rate

– ervice Eb*N0 re5uirement /internal #+ info0

– P"& transmit power and group of other #+ parameters

•Actual available %4 power depends on ma2imum total 31 1S power. %4traTc amount and distribution over the cell /All users share same ampli!er0

• )2ample values with < /;; d3m0 P"& power and default +o'ia #+parameters

Service Type Speech

CSData

PS Data

Downlink bit rate 122 !" !" 12# $#" kbp%

&a'i()( tran%(it power perconnection

$"2 $*2 $*2 "00 "00 +,(

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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Module ontents

• "ntroduction

• Po,er &udget calculation – #$$ power budget

– HS#PA po,er &udget

–&(PA power budget


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&-P%& 4"+U 3(%L)1

• "n &%PA lin' budget. one of two approaches can be adopted – 1arget uplin' bit rate can be speci!ed and lin' budget completed

from top to bottom to determine the ma2imum allowed path loss• &-P%& "+# should correspond to the targeted cell edge throughput

– )2isting ma2imum allowed path loss can be speci!ed and lin'budget completed from bottom to top to determine the

achievable uplin' bit rate at cell edge

• 1he total transmit power assigned to the &-P%& and &-& depends on #+ parameters and & power and inshared carrier also on %& traTc load

• &-P%& does not enter soft handover

• An overhead for &-%P& channel has to be ta'en intoaccount in (4 when &%PA is active

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&-P%& power budget

)ax Tx po#er is the allocated powerfor &-P%& which depends on the& and in shared carrier also on there5uired %& power

&-NR Re%irement depends on the

re5uired cell edge throughput

&preadin ain is calculated fromthe used spreading factor 96

&o$t hando"er ain is > d3 becauseno &O on &-P%&

/ell ede throhpt aects there5uired "+#

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Module ontents

• "ntroduction

• Po,er &udget calculation – #$$ power budget

– &%PA power budget

–HS9PA po,er &udget


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• imilar to an &%PA lin' budget. one of two

approaches can be adopted• target uplin' bit rate can be speci!ed and lin'

budget completed from top to bottom todetermine the ma2imum allowed path loss

• e2isting ma2imum allowed path loss can bespeci!ed and lin' budget completed frombottom to top to determine the achievableuplin' bit rate at cell edge

• Majorit, of uplin' lin' budget is similar to thatof a #$$ %&

• &(PA uplin' lin' budget ma'es use of )b*+o!gures rather than "+# !gures

Uplink Downlink

R99 DCH Eb/NoEbNo

HSDPA Eb/No SINR

HSUPA Eb/No SINR

&(PA (plin' 4in' 3udget/"0

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/ell Ede Throhpt

Taret BLER

.ropaation /hannel

used to inde2 the)b*+o loo'-up tableand determine an

appropriate )b*+o!gure

EbNo look1ptables

• )b*+o values are included for

• 3it rates ; 'bps to 9$> 'bps

• 1arget 34)# 9. K and 9> ?

• Propagation channels 8ehicular A ;> 'm*hr andPedestrian A ; 'm*hr

• 1arget 34)# !gures are applicable to each MA-etransmission. e7g7 a 9> ? 1arget 34)# corresponds toa 34)# of >7>9 ? after I transmissions

• )b*+o values include )-%P%&. )-%P& and

%P&

&(PA (plin' 4in' 3udget/""0

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• 1he own connection interference factor reduces theuplin' interference Hoor b, the ()Vs own contributionto the uplin' interference. i7e7 b, the desired uplin'signal power

• 1his factor is usuall, ignored in #$$ %& lin' budgetsbecause the contribution from each () is relativel,small

• 1his factor is included in the &(PA lin' budgetbecause uplin' bit rates can be greater and theuplin' interference contribution from each () can be

more signi!cant

&(PA (plin' 4in' 3udget/"""0

1ransmit section of lin' budget is identical tothat of a #$$ %& lin' budget

1ransmit antenna gain and bod, loss can becon!gured for either a data card or mobileterminal

-nter$erence 2oor G 1hermal noise C +oiseEigure C "nterference Margin - Ownonnection "nterference

-nter$erence )arin G -9>J4OL/9- (plin'4oad*9>>0

3#n /onnection -nter$erence G 9>J4OL/9C)b+o J # *

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Module ontents

• Power budget calculation

• Po,er &udget &alance

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Link budget



UL Load 50%4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS












od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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Power budget balance – &ighvs7 low loadLink budget Chip rate 3840.00 DL data rate 12.20


UL Load 5%

4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS






ot handoer DC 'ain dB 0.0 1.0

*ro$essin' 'ain dB 25.0 25.06ntereren$e mar'in dB 0.2 0.5

#e7(ired /$6o at re$eier dB -#0$ -1!"

#e$eier ensitiit dBm -1#55 -11!'



od loss dB na 3.0




6sotropi$ po+er dBm -1$55 -11"'




od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($

6sotropi$ path loss dB 1")5 1""# UL limited=


Link budget



UL Load 50%

4

Uplink Downlink

RECEIVING END BS MS






ot handoer DC 'ain dB 0.0 1.0

*ro$essin' 'ain dB 25.0 25.06ntereren$e mar'in dB 3.0 ".0





od loss dB na 3.0








od loss dB 3.0 na


*ea< /6#* dBm 1'0 $($



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Power budget for dierentservices

• Power budget has to be calculatedfor each service separatel,

• )2amples with

– +#1 data services with d3i () antennagain and no bod, loss

– K> ? (4 load and D> ? %4 loaderi$e UL *athLoss DL *athLoss Limitation

?oi$e 12.2

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Module 6 – Power budgetummar,

•Power budget calculation involves man,

estimates and assumptions )ducated guess

60313161-link-budget.ppt

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